• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2021

The number of people suffering from diabetes have been increased around the world. In this study, we investigated the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Anthriscus sylvestris(L.) Hoffm and its main compounds. It was divided into root(R) and aerial part(AP) for comparative analysis. Total polyphenol, total flavonoid content was higher in AP extract, but nodakenin content was higher in R(1169.13 ± 6.00 mg/g) extract. Antioxidant activity was also higher in AP extract. To compare antidiabetic efficacy, we analyzed the effects of R and AP extracts on ɑ-glucosidase inhibition(AGI), dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) and protein tyrosine phosphatase(PTP)1B activity. R and AP extracts showed similar effects on AGI and DPP-4 activity in a concentration dependent manner, and there was no effect on PTP1B activation. Glucose uptake(139.51 ± 3.19%) in 3T3-L1 cells was more effective in the AP extract-treated group than the positive control, rosiglitazone, group. Both R and AP extracts were effective in protecting against pancreatic beta cell damage caused by hyperglycemia. These results suggest that Anthriscus sylvestris(L.) Hoffm. could be used as a candidate for diabetes treatment.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.189-198
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• 2006

Purpose: To investigate the in vitro response of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells to X-ray in the presence and absence of 2 deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and quercetin (QCT). Materials and Methods: The MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in an ${\alpha}-MEM$ supplemented with 5 mM 2-DG or $10{\mu}M$ QCT and then the cells were incubated for 12 h prior to irradiation with 2, 4, 6, and 8Gy using a linear accelerator (Mevaprimus, Germany) delivered at a rate of 1.5 Gy/min. At various times after the irradiation, the cells were processed for the analyses of proliferation, viability, cytotoxicity, and mineralization. Results: Exposure of the cells to X-ray inhibited the tritium incorporation, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl-)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT)-reducing activity, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and caused cytotoxicity and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner of the X-ray. This effect was further apparent on day 3 and 7 after the irradiation. RA+2-DG showed the decrease of DNA content, cell viability, and increase of cytotoxicity rather than RA. ALP activity increased on day 7 and subsequently its activity dropped to a lower level. 2-DG suppressed the calcium concentration, but visual difference of number of calcified nodules between RA and RA+2-DG was not noticed. RA+QCT showed the increase of DNA content, cell viability, but decrease of cytotoxicity and subG1 stage cells in the cell cycle, and increased calcified nodules in von Kossa staining rather than the RA. ALP activity showed significant increases on day 7 and subsequently its activity dropped to a lower level. Conclusion: The results showed that the 2-DG acted as a radiosensitizing agent and QCT acted as a radiosensitizing agent respectively in the irradiated MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1014-1023
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• 1998

The influences of fish oil and different levels of vitamin I supplement on hepatocellular chemical carcinogenesis have been studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received diethylnitrosamine (DEN)(200mg/kg body weight) and were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy to induce murine chemical hepatocarcinogenic procedure. Placental glutathione S-transferase(GST-P) positive foci area, antioxidant enzymes(Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), total- glutathione peroxidase (TGPx), glutathione S -transferase (GST)), glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activities, and lipid peroxidation of microsomes(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) were measured. Experimental animals were fed 15% corn or fish oil with 0, 40, 1,000, 10,000IU vitamin E /kg diet for 8 weeks. Vitamin E supplements decreased the area of GST-P positive foci in both groups. The higher the vitamin E levels, the smaller the area of GST-P positive foci were noticed. Compared to 0 IU vitamin E, 40 IU in corn oil and 1,000 IU in fish oil groups were effective in decreasing G57-P positive foci area. Fish oil groups tended to have smaller area of GST-P positive foci. fish oil groups showed lower body weight, lower activities of Cu/Zn-SOD and TGPx, higher TBARS contents, higher activities of GST, catalase, G6Pase, GR and higher liver/body ratio than corn oil groups. As the level of vitamin I increased, GST-P positive foci count, catalase activities, and TBARS tended to decrease. G6Pase activities tended to increase in both groups. At higher vitamin E levels, GST activities tended to decrease in fish oil groups. These results suggest that vitamin I has suppressive offects on hepatocellular chemical carcinogenesis probably through antioxidant eH:cts decreasing TBARS contents, $H_2O$$_2$, and organic peroxides. fish oil tended to have greated suppressive offects than corn oil on hepatocellular carcinogenesis. (Korean J Nutrition 31(6) : 1014-1023, 1998)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.136-143
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• 1986

These studies were carried out to investigate effects of Lycii fructus extract on experimentally CC14-induced liver damage and alloxan-induced diabetes in rabbits and acute toxicity using mice. $LD_{50}(mg/kg)$ of Lycii fructus extract(L.F.E.) was 12.17g/kg by intraperitoneal administration in mice. L.F.E. showed more rapid recuperation compared to the control group in CC14-intoxicated rabbits and 800mg/kg was the most effective. Especially GPT activity and total bilirubin level showed an apparant decreasing effect within 6 days and 8 days, respectively in 800mg/kg. But any differences were not observed in alkaline phosphatase and total cholesterol between sample and control group. Large amount administered group exhibited more excellent hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetes of rabbits, that is, it was significant to the control group after 4 days and adjacent to the normal level on 12th day. And GPT activity was gradually decreased and showed clear decreasing effect after 6 days. It is suggested that L.F.E. can be administered not only as therapeutic agents (such as liver tonics or antidiabetetics) but also a natural food to shorten the recovery time of hepatic function in liver diseases and decrease the abnormally elevated blood glucose such as Diabetes Mellitus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.785-792
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• 2003

This study is conducted to determine the effects of dietary source of $\omega$3 fatty acids on preneoplastic foci and the glutathione dependent enzymes in rat hepatocarcinogenesis initiated by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of three diets containing 10% (w/w) fats fixed p/s = -1.0 and $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio = -0.4 or 4.0 ; fish oil-com oil blended (FC), com oil-beef tallow-fish oil blended (CF), com oil-beef tallow-perilla oil blended (CP), from gestation period. At 10 weeks, animals of experimental groups were injected intraperitoneally with DEN (200 mg/kg body weight) and two-thirds partial hepatectomy was carried out 3 weeks later and were sacrificed 8 weeks after DEN initiation. The area and number of glutathione S-transferase placenta (GST-P) positive foci were significantly decreased in rats fed diets containing fish oil (FC and CF) than those fed perilla oil diet (CP). Fish oil feeding significantly increased the activities of glutathione dependent enzymes. Rats fed diets containing fish oil (FC and CF) significantly increased the glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione dependent enzymes had significantly negative correlation with GST-P positive foci. Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) was increased in rats feeding fish oil. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were not different among groups. Therefore, the preventive effect against hepatocarcinogenesis might be explained by induction of the glutathione dependent enzymes and G6Pase. (Korean J Nutrition 36(8): 785∼792, 2003)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1992

This paper examines the effects of dietary fats on the fatty acid composition and market enzyme activites during liver damage in 2-acetylaminofluorene treated rats. Weaning Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed the diet of beef tallow(BT source of sturated fatty acid) corn oil(CO source of n-6 fatty acid) and perilla oil(PO source of n-3 fatty acid) at the level of 15% fat. Ten days after feeding 2-acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF) was injected intraperitoneally twice every week at the level of 50mg/kg body weight for 7 weeks. Liver microsomal and cytosolic fractions were collected to determine the microsomal fatty acid composition lipid peroxide(malondialdehyde MDA) contents glucose 6-phosphatase(G6 Pase) activity cytochrome(Cyt) P-450 contents and cytosolic glutathione S-transferase(G6 Pase) activity cytochrome(Cyt) P-450 contents and cytosolic glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity. The fatty acid composition in microsomal fraction was reflected by different dietary fats. By 2-AAF treatment linoleic acids were increased regardless of the diet MDA contents were higher in CO group than it was in BT group. However 2-AAF treatment decreased MDA contents in all dietary groups. G6Pase activity of BT group was higher than those of the other gropus. CO group had the highest Cyt P-450 contents and 2-AAF treatment lowered Cyt P-450 contents only in CO gropu GST activites were higher in CO than in BT group whereas the enzyme activites were increased by 20AAF treatment in all dietary groups. These results suggest that dietary fats and 2-AAF treatment in all dietary groups,. These results suggest that dietary fats and 2-AAF treatment affect microsomal fatty acid composition The enzyme activities concerned with liver damage were influenced differently by dietary fats and 2-AFF treatment Although PO diet contains much more polyunsaturated fatty acids than CO diet PO diet doesn't cause more oxidant stress compared with CO diet in these data.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.409-415
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• 1997

The influences of dietary supplement of citron tea on the hepatocellular chemical carcinogenesis have been studied by examining placental glutathione S-transferase(GST-P) positive foci area in a liver tissue, contents of total cytochrome P450, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) and glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) in hepatic microsome and glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity. Weaning Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed AIN76 diet with or without citron tea supplement. Rats of CTR and CTR+ groups were fed diet without citron tea supplement while CDI and CDI+ groups were fed diet with citron tea supplement for the entire experimental period(13 weeks). Rats of CDP and CDP+ groups were fed diet without citron tea supplement for the first 7 weeks and swiched to citron tea containing diet for the last 6 weeks of experimental period. CTR+, CDI+ and CDP+ groups were carcinogen treated group. Diethylnitrosamine(DEN) was used as a carcinogen initiator and injected to the rats of carcinogen treated groups as a single dose of 200 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally after 4 weeks of feeding. 2-Acethylaminofiuorene(AAF) was used as a carcinogen promoter and supplied in the diets of carcinogen treated rats as 0.02% content for the last 6 weeks starting from 2 weeks after DEN injection. Rats were sacrificed after 13 weeks of feeding. Liver/body weight ratio and GST activities were increased by carcinogen treatment. However, they were not changed by citron tea supplement. Total cytochrome P450 contents were not changed by carcinogen treatment or citron tea supplement. TBARS contents of carcinogen treated rats showed tendency to decrease by citron tea supplement. G6Pase activity decreased by carcinogen treatment and citron tea supplement. The area of GST-P positive foci detected in carcinogen treated rats were decreased by citron tea supplement and not affected by the timing and the duration of citron tea supplement. These results suggest that citron tea has suppressive effects on hepatocellular chemical carcinogenesis probably through antioxidant compounds by decreasing TBARS contents.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2019

Cadmium is a strong toxic heavy metal which presents in paints and liquid wastes and causes oxidative stress in fish. On the other hand, lead is widely used for different purposes, e.g. lead pipes, it targets vital organs such as liver and kidney causing biochemical alterations. The present study evaluates the effects of 60 days exposure to Cd and Pb either single or combined together in African catfish. Sixty-four fishes were divided into 3 groups and exposed to $CdCl_2$ (7.02 mg/L) or $PbCl_2$ (69.3 mg/L) or a combination of them along with control group. Activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) were estimated. Moreover, gill, liver and kidney were assayed for activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Individual exposure showed that both Cd and Pb significantly decreased LDH activity and SOD activity in the kidney. Pb significantly increased G-6-PDH activity and decreased GSH level in the gill. CAT activity in liver and kidney elevated significantly on Cd exposure while lead caused a significant depletion in the liver and significant elevation in the kidney. Both Cd and Pb significantly increased MDA levels in liver and kidney while Pb increased its level in gills. The combined exposure resulted in normalization of LDH, G-6-PDH activity, and CAT activity in liver and kidney as well as GSH level in both tissues and MDA in gill and kidney. The combination increased SOD activity and MDA level in liver and decreased SOD activity in kidney and GSH level in gills. In conclusion, the antioxidant system of African catfish was adversely affected by prolonged exposure to Cd and Pb. The combined exposure caused less damage than individual exposure and returned most parameters to those of controls.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2018

Paralichthys olivaceus (mean length, $13.3{\pm}1.6cm$; mean weight, $25.6{\pm}3.7g$) were exposed to waterborne hexavalent chromium at different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, and $2.0mg\;L^{-1}$) for 10 days. Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin and hematocrit of P. olivaceus were significantly decreased after waterborne chromium exposure. There were no significant alterations in inorganic plasma components, calcium, or magnesium after waterborne chromium exposure. Organic plasma components such as glucose and cholesterol levels were significantly increased after exposure to chromium at concentration over $1.0mg\;L^{-1}$. However, significant change in total protein was not observed. Enzymatic plasma components such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were significantly increased after chromium exposure. Results of this study indicate that waterborne chromium exposure can cause significant alterations in hematological parameters and plasma components of P. olivaceus. Such changes in parameters could be used as reliable indicators for toxic effects of waterborne chromium exposure.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 2021

Previously, we showed that oral administration of probiotics, Lactobacillus acidophilus NS1 (LNS1), improved insulin sensitivity in high-fat-diet-fed mice (HFD mice). Furthermore, LNS1-conditioned media (LNS1-CM) reduced HNF4α transcription activity and the expression of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis in HepG2 cells. In this study, we demonstrated that LNS1 administration increased the expression of glycosyltransferase 2 (GYS2) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), while reduced the expression of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) expression in liver of HFD mice. Furthermore, LNS1 suppressed hepatic expression of glucokinase regulatory unit (GCKR) in HFD mice without changing the mRNA levels of glucokinase (GCK), suggesting that LNS1 may inhibit nuclear GCK activity. Consistently, addition of LNS1-CM to HepG2 cells increased the mRNA levels of GYS2 and GLUT2 with reduced mRNA levels of G6PC and GCKR. Moreover, hepatic glycogen contents were increased in HFD mice upon administration of LNS1. Together, these results suggest that LNS1 facilitates glycogen accumulation in liver by regulating the expression of genes involved in glycogen metabolism, contributing to improved insulin sensitivity in the HFD mice.