• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.235-247
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• 2022

Background: Ginsenoside Rg3 is one of the main active ingredients in ginseng. Here, we aimed to confirm its protective effect on the heart function in transverse aortic coarctation (TAC)-induced heart failure mice and explore the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Methods: The effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on heart and mitochondrial function were investigated by treating TAC-induced heart failure in mice. The mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 for improving heart and mitochondrial function in mice with heart failure was predicted through integrative analysis of the proteome and plasma metabolome. Glucose uptake and myocardial insulin sensitivity were evaluated using micro-positron emission tomography. The effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on myocardial insulin sensitivity was clarified by combining in vivo animal experiments and in vitro cell experiments. Results: Treatment of TAC-induced mouse models with ginsenoside Rg3 significantly improved heart function and protected mitochondrial structure and function. Fusion of metabolomics, proteomics, and targeted metabolomics data showed that Rg3 regulated the glycolysis process, and Rg3 not only regulated glucose uptake but also improve myocardial insulin resistance. The molecular mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 regulation of glucose metabolism was determined by exploring the interaction pathways of AMPK, insulin resistance, and glucose metabolism. The effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on the promotion of glucose uptake in IR-H9c2 cells by AMPK activation was dependent on the insulin signaling pathway. Conclusions: Ginsenoside Rg3 modulates glucose metabolism and significantly ameliorates insulin resistance through activation of the AMPK pathway.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.772-777
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin B2 deficiency on the utilization and recuperation of fuel in exercising rats. Thirthy six rats were fed either a vitamin B2 deficient diet (-B2) or a control diet (+B2) for 3 weeks and then subdivided into 3 groups : non-exercise group(NE), exercise group (ES), exercise and recuperation group (ER). ES group were exercised on treadmill (10$^{\circ}$, 0.5-0.8km/h) for 2 hours and ER group were recuperated three days with the respective diet after exercise. Glucose (GLU), glycogen(GLY), protein(PRO), triglyceride(TG) and free fatty acid(FFA) were compared in plasma(P), liver(L) and skeletal muscle(M) of rats. Compared to + B2 rats, in NE group, the level of P-GLU and L-GLU of -B2 rats was lower, L-PRO and M-GLY was higher and there were no differences in P-PRO, P-FFA, L-TG and M-TG. In ES group, the level of P-GLU was lower, P-FFA was higher and there were no differences in P-PRO, P-TG, L-GLU, L-TG, M-GLY, M-TG and M-PRO. In ER groups, the level of P-GLU and L-TG was lower, P-FFA was higher and there were no differences in P-PRO, P-TG, L-GLY, L-PRO, M-GLY, M-TG and M-PRO. These results suggest that a vitamin B2 deficiency may impair the utilization of stored fuel during exercise suggest that a vitamin B2 deficiency may impair the utilization of stored fuel during exercise and may lead a sluggish recuperation related to fuel stores after exercise.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.422-430
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• 2007

Clonostachys rosea (syn. Gliocladium roseum) is a well-known biocontrol agent and widely distributed around the world. In this study, an endochitinase gene Crchi1 was isolated from the mycoparasitic fungus C. rosea using the DNA walking strategy. The Crchi1 ORF is 1,746 bp long and interrupted by three introns. The cloned gene Crchi1 encodes 426 amino acid residues and shares a high degree of similarity with other chitinases from entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi. Several putative binding sites for transcriptional regulation of Crchi1 in response to carbon (5'-SYGGRG-3') and nitrogen (5'-GATA-3') were identified in the upstream of Crchi1. Expression of Crchi1 gene in different carbon sources was analyzed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). We found that the Crchi1 expression was suppressed by glucose but strongly stimulated by chitin or solubilized components of the cell wall from Rhizoctonia solani. Phylogenetic analysis of chitinases from entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi suggests that these chitinases have probably evolved from a common ancestor.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2018

리튬이온전지의 음극재로 높은 이론적인 용량과 낮은 방전 전위 및 무독성을 가진 실리콘이 높은 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 리튬이온전지의 고효율 음극재로 활용을 위한 실리콘-탄소나노튜브-탄소(Si-CNT-C) 복합체를 제조하였다. 복합체 제조를 위해서는 에어로졸 자기조립과 후 열처리 공정을 사용하였다. 제조된 Si-CNT-C 복합체는 구형이었으며 평균 입자크기는 $2.72{\mu}m$이었다. 복합체의 크기는 실리콘 및 탄소나노튜브의 농도가 증가할수록 커지는 것을 확인하였다. Si-CNT-C 복합체는 탄소나노튜브와 글루코스에서 탄화된 탄소가 실리콘 입자들을 중심으로 표면에 부착된 형태이었다. 제조된 Si-CNT-C 복합체는 전기화학 분석을 통해 순수한 실리콘보다 우수한 사이클 성능을 보여주고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 1981

농산폐자원을 이용하기 위한 방법으로써 Trichoderma sp. KI 7-2로 만든 koji와 내열성 효모를 사용하여 동시당화-발효와 당화액 발효를 비교하였다. 볏짚의 당화액에서는 15 mg/$m\ell$의 cellobiose가 존재하였으나 동일한 효소원을 사용한 동시당화-발효액에서는 존재하지 않았다. 효소당화법에서 는 cellulase enzyme system의 반응산물인 glucose가 cellobiose의 활성을 저해하므로 cellobiose 가 축적되었으나 동시당화-발효법에서 는 glucose가 ethanol로 발효되어 cellobiose의 축적이 없었다. Cutting mill 한 볏짚은 동시 당화-발효 과정에서는 ball mill 한 것과 같은 정도로 효과적으로 발효되었다. 이 결과로부터 cellylolytic enzyme system의 반응산물에 의한 저해 mechanism을 논의하였다. 또한 볏짚 당화시 약 10 mg/$m\ell$ 생산되는 xylose는 동시당화-발효에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.601-607
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• 1996

Nineteen non-insulin-dependent diabetic(NIDD) and healthy control women were investigated to study the relationship between glycemic control and the level of calcium, zinc, and magnesium in the serum and urine. Urinary calcium, zinc and magnesium levels in the NIDD women were significantly higher(p<0.01) than those of the control women. There were no difference in serum magnesium and zinc levels between the two groups, but se겨m calcium level was lower(p<0.01) in the NIDD women compared to that of the control group. In the NIDD women, serum magnesium was negatively related to fasting blood glucose(r=-0.533 : p<0.05), urinary glucose(r=-0.767 ; P<0.001), urinary protein(r=-0.476 : p<0.05), and urine volume(r=-0.571 : p<0.05). The levels of zinc in both serum (r=0.515, p<0.05) and urine(r=0.623 : p<0.01) were related to urinary protein but only urinary zinc level(r=0.570 : p<0.01) was related to serum albumin. Urinary magnesium, not calcium was correlated with the urinary glucose(r=0.563 : p<0.05) and urinary protein(r=0.568 ; p<0.05). Fasting blood glucose was positively correlated with duration of diabetes, as well as dietary fat and calorie intake. The results of this study suggest that NIDD alters all magnesium, zinc, and calcium utilization, particularly magnesium is involved in glycemic control in this condition.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1986

Lidocaine의 심근수축력 억제 작용에 관한 기전연구 일환으로 lidocaine에 의해 수축력이 감소된 흰쥐 적출심방에 대한 fructose의 효과를 검토하였다. Fructose는 기질제거에 의해 감소된 적출심방의 수축력을 현저히 증가시켰으며, 30mM에서 최대 증가효과를 나타냈다. Krebs-Ringer glucose용액에 현수한 적출심방의 수축력은 0.1mM lidocaine에 의해 약 50%의 감소를 나타냈으며, 30mM fructose의 투여는 이 감소된 수축력을 현저히 증가 시켰다. Lidocaine 억제심방에 대한 fructose의 실험 성적은 pyruvate나 acetate에서 얻은 실험성적과 유사하였다. 그러나 같은 농도의 fructose는 저 calcium(1/2)농도의 Krebs-Ringer glucose medium에서 감소(약 50% 감소)된 적출심방의 수축력을 증가시키지 못하였다. 이상의 결과에서 lidocaine은 심근내 포도당 대사를 해당과정에서 억제한다는 가능성을 재확인하고 있으며, 나아가서 lidocaine은 해당과정의 phosphofructokinase step 이전의 초기단계에서 억제하고 있을 가능성을 시사하고 있다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2009

Few studies have examined short tenn responses to the different contents of carbohydrate or fat in the meal, although long tenn effects of the high fat meal have been considered as compound risk factor for metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the postprandial changes of plasma glucose, insulin and lipids upon intakes of high carbohydrate or high fat meal in young healthy women. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the high carbohydrate meal (HCM, 75% carbohydrate, n=13) or the high fat meal (HFM, 60% fat, n=12) groups. The meals were prepared as isocaloric typical Korean menu. Blood samples were obtained prior to and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minute after the meal. There were no significant differences on fasting blood parameters including glucose, insulin, lipids concentrations between the groups prior to the test. The HCM had higher blood glucose and insulin concentrations, reached the peak at 30 min and maintained for 240 min compared to the HFM (P<0.05). The HFM had higher plasma triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations, reached the peak at 120 min and maintained for 240 min compared to the HCM (P<0.05). It is concluded that macronutrients content in the meal may be an important determinant of postprandial substrate utilization in healthy women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.46-61
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: An increasing life expectancy in society has burdened healthcare systems substantially because of the rising prevalence of age-related metabolic diseases. This study compared the effects of animal protein hydrolysate (APH) and casein on metabolic diseases using aged mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Eight-week-old and 50-week-old C57BL/6J mice were used as the non-aged (YC group) and aged controls (NC group), respectively. The aged mice were divided randomly into 3 groups (NC, low-APH [LP], and high-APH [HP] and fed each experimental diet for 12 weeks. In the LP and HP groups, casein in the AIN-93G diet was substituted with 16 kcal% and 24 kcal% APH, respectively. The mice were sacrificed when they were 63-week-old, and plasma and hepatic lipid, white adipose tissue weight, hepatic glucose, lipid, and antioxidant enzyme activities, immunohistochemistry staining, and mRNA expression related to the glucose metabolism on liver and muscle were analyzed. RESULTS: Supplementation of APH in aging mice resulted in a significant decrease in visceral fat (epididymal, perirenal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric fat) compared to the negative control (NC) group. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and area under the curve analysis revealed insulin resistance in the NC group, which was alleviated by APH supplementation. APH supplementation reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis and increased glucose utilization in the liver and muscle. Furthermore, APH supplementation improved hepatic steatosis by reducing the hepatic fatty acid and phosphatidate phosphatase activity while increasing the hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity. Furthermore, in the APH supplementation groups, the red blood cell (RBC) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hepatic H₂O₂ levels decreased, and the RBC glutathione, hepatic catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities increased. CONCLUSIONS: APH supplementation reduced visceral fat accumulation and alleviated obesity-related metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, in aged mice. Therefore, high-quality animal protein APH that reduces the molecular weight and enhances the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score has potential as a dietary supplement for healthy aging.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1982

토양으로 부터 diaminododecane 자화균 DAD2-2주를 분리하여 검토한 결과 Corynebacterium속으로 동정되었으며 DAD2-2주의 alkane 유도체에 대한 생육특성조사에서 putrescine dihydrochloride, dodecanethiol, dodecane. laurylamine등은 탄소원으로 이용될 수 있었으나 thioanisole, decanedithiol, dicyanooctane, 1aurylcyanide, dichlorodecane등은 이용되지 못하였다. Emulgen 25ppm을 DAD배지에 첨가하였을 경우 DAD2-2주에 의한 diaminododecane 자화가 현저하게 촉진되었으며 diaminododecane자화시 생성되는 중간생성물은 ethyl $\alpha$-ketoglutarate로 동정되었다. 그러나 diaminododecane을 탄소원 뿐만 아니라 질소원으로도 이용하였을 경우에 있어서는 ethyl $\alpha$-ketoglutarate와는 다른 생성물을 생성하였으며 diaminododecane 대신 glucose, putrescinc, n-dodecane을 생육기질로 이용하였을 때에도 ethyl $\alpha$-ketoglutarate와는 다른 생성물을 생성하였다. 또한 resting cell을 이용하여 alkane 유도체를 co-oxidation시키는 과정에서도 ethyl $\alpha$-ketoglutarate와는 상이한 생성물이 생성되었다.