• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제25권B호
• /
• pp.229-239
• /
• 2005

Dietary powder from Plantaginis ovatae testa was prepared by mechnical milling/grinding of the outer layer of the seed. The crystalline/surface structures of its powder (100 mesh) were examined, and several physical functionalities including, water capacity, oil holding capacity, emulsion/foam properties and physiological functionality such as in-vitro glucose and bile acid retarding effects were also investigated. Water holding capacity(WHC) of psyllium powder was $33.71{\pm}0.10g$ water retained/g solid at room temperature, whileas oil holding capacity(OHC) for soybean or rice bran oil were about 1.80g oil retained/g solid. These values of WHC and OHC were about 5.6 times higher and 2.8 times lower than those of commercial ${\alpha}$-cellulose, respectively. Changes of pH showed a small effect on WHC, but WHC increased with temperature. Emulsion capacity of 2%(w/v) psyllium was about 60% level of 0.5%(w/v) xanthan gum but emulsion stability after incubation of 24 hours showed about 1.4 times improvement of xanthan gum(0.5%,w/v). Also, psylliume(above 2%, w/v) alone had higher foam capacity than that of xanthan(1.1 times) and especially, 1 or 2% addition of psyllium improved the foam stability of protein solution(1% albumin+0.5% $CaCl_2$) by factor of 3.3 and 6.0 times, respectively. The glucose and bile acid retarding effects of psyllium powder were relatively very excellent suggesting the prevention from diabetes and arteriosclerosis. Especially, psyllium showed the 3.7 and 3.3 times higher effect on in-vitro glucose and bile acid retardation than those of commercial ${\alpha}$-cellulose, respectively.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.705-711
• /
• 1998

The digestibility of xylooligosaccharide(XO) by juices of the digestive tract and retardation effect of XO on the adsorption of bile acids were compared with fructooligosaccharide(FO) and isomaltooligosaccharide(IO). In vitro digestion experiments showed that any hydrolyzed products of FO, IO and XO were not detected by HPLC after reaction with saliva, pancreatic, artifical intesteinal, and large intestinal luices, and artifical sera for 4 hours at 37$^{\circ}C$. However, IO were mostly digested by the small intestinal juice, and some quantity of FO were digested. XO were not digested at all by any enzyme of digestive tract. In order to investigate retardation effect of XO on the bile acid absorption. In vitro, permeability of bile acid against dialysis membrane was determined in the mixture which contained guar gum instead of XO was set 100%. The premeability of bile acid showed about 50% in the FO and IO mixture and 43% in the XO mixture. The activity of lactase in FO group and activity of sucrase and maltase in XO group in rat small intestinal mucosa were significantly decreased. Consequently, the present results indicate that XO is indigestible in digestive tract and has retarding effect of adsorption of bile acid compared with the other oligosaccharides. The disaccharidase activity of the XO dietary group was lower than that of the other oligosaccharides dietary group. Furthermore, it was suggested that hydrolysis of sugar may be retarded in digestive tract and glucose level in blood may be controlled effectively by the XO.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.84-88
• /
• 2002

The effect of dietary xylitol on growth performance and nitrogen retention was studied in male broiler chicks during immunological stimulation. In experiment 1, chicks (10 day of age) were fed a corn-soybean diet containing 10% glucose or 10% xylitol with identical metabolizable energy and crude protein for 14 days. In experiment 2, ten-day-old chicks were fed 10% glucose or 6% xylitol diet for 8 days. During the final 6 days of the experimental periods, a half of birds fed each diet were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg/kg body weight of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0127:B8) on days 1, 3 and 5, and with 250 mg/kg body weight of Sephadex-G50 superfine on days 2 and 4 to stimulate immune system in both experiments. Feeding of the xylitol diets partially prevented the reduction in body weight gain or feed efficiency due to LPS and Sephadex injections, but the glucose diet did not in both the experiments. LPS and Sephadex injections decreased nitrogen retention, whereas the diet containing xylitol partly in experiment 1 and almost completely in experiment 2, prevented the reduction due to immunological stimulation. These results indicate that dietary xylitol probably prevents the reduction in nitrogen retention with growth retardation due to LPS and Sephadex injection. The beneficial effect on nitrogen retention is obtained when chicks are given xylitol 2 days before stimulating the immune system.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.319-329
• /
• 2018

The experiment was conducted for 210 days to determine the effect of feeding, and starvation, and exposure to sodium nitrite ($NaNO_2$) on the survival, physiological changes, hematological parameter, and stress response of Far Eastern catfish, Silurus asotus. The survival of the starved group was lower than that of the fed group during the experiment. Starvation resulted in retardation of growth, which provides an example of fish that failed to continue to grow and remain in a good condition. Blood analyses (cortisol and glucose) showed significant differences of stress response between the fed and starved groups exposed to $NaNO_2$ at the conclusion of the experiment (p<0.05). These results suggest that all nutritional parameters used for starvation and feeding with $NaNO_2$ stress in this experiment appear to be a useful index of nutritional status in Far Eastern catfish.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.348-354
• /
• 1994

반응 조건을 달리하여 게껍질에서 chitin을 추출하고 이를 탈아세틸화하여 chitosan을 제조하였으며, 이들의 물리, 화학적 특성과 소화관내 기능성을 in vitro법으로 실시하였다. 이들 chitin질의 bulk density는 $127{\sim}208\;mg/ml$, 점도는 0.1% chitin의 경우 $80{\sim}581\;cP$, 0.5%, chitosan은 $80{\sim}3,670\;cP$로 다양한 수치를 나타냈으며, chitosan의 탈아세틸화도는 $81{\sim}93%$로 비교적 높았다. Chitosan 제조시의 알칼리 농도와 반응 온도가 일정할 때 반응 시간이 경과할수록 탈아세틸화도는 증가하였고, 점도는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. Chitin질의 보수력은 온도 상승에 따라 약간 상승하였고, $37^{\circ}C$에서 chitosan D가 가장 높았으며, bulk density가 낮을수록 높은 보수력을 나타냈다. Glucose 흡수 억제 효과는 bulk density가 낮고 보수력이 큰 chitin길이 더 컸고 chitosan D가 가장 높은 38%를 나타냈다. Chitin질의 bile acid 흡수 억제 효과는 투석 1시간 후에 $15{\sim}34%$를 나타냈고, pectin은 39%, cellulose는 9%를 나타냈으며 chitosan D는 3% 농도에서 34%의 가장 높은 억제 효과를 나타냈다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.421-425
• /
• 2007

The inhibitory effect of onion extract on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and browning of peach juice was investigated. Various reducing agents such as L-ascorbic acid, L-cysteine, dithiothreitol, glutathione, and sodium pyrosulfite strongly inhibited polyphenol oxidase extracted from peach. The enzyme was also inhibited by addition of water extract of onion. Regardless of substrates used, the addition of heated onion extract exhibited stronger inhibitory effect on peach polyphenol oxidase activity than that of the fresh one. The inhibitory effect of onion extract was dependent on heating temperature and time. The onion extract inhibited the peach polyphenol oxidase non-competitively. The heating of onion extract in the presence of glucose, glycine stimulated the inhibitory effect of the onion extract, which suggests non-enzymatic browning products produced during heating might be responsible for the stronger inhibitory action of the heated onion extract. The retardation of peach juice browning by onion extract seems to be caused by inhibition of peach PPO.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.491-496
• /
• 2008

상품성이 낮은 배의 부가가치 증대와 배 펙틴의 산업적 이용을 위한 목적으로 생장시기에 따라 배 과육에서 펙틴을 추출하여 그 특성을 조사하였다. 산처리법에 의한 펙틴의 추출수율은 배 과실이 성숙됨에 따라 감소하였고 유과로부터 추출한 펙틴의 $L^*$값은 미숙과나 성숙과에서 추출한 펙틴의 $L^*$값에 비하여 낮았고 $a^*$값과 $b^*$값은 더 높았다. 순도는 22.77-43.07%로 비교적 낮았고 메톡실함량은 3.44-6.73%, DE값은 21.08-41.25%로 저메톡실펙틴이었으며 품종내 성숙과에서 추출한 펙틴의 메톡실함량이 가장 높았다. 고유점도는 1.90-3.81 dL/g이었고 포도당 흡수 지연효과는 약 30% 혹은 그 이상으로 비교적 높은 효과를 보였다. 메톡실함량과 DE값은 고유점도와 5% 수준에서, 포도당 흡수 지연효과와는 1% 수준에서 높은 상관을 보였고 고유점도는 포도당 흡수 지연효과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 배과육에서 산처리법으로 추출한 펙틴은 저칼로리 식품 생산에 그리고 기능성 식품 개발에서 좋은 수용성 식이섬유로 이용 가능할 것으로 생각되며 펙틴 추출 시 순도를 높이기 위한 연구가 더 어루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.620-627
• /
• 2016

A 60-day experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding and starvation on the survival, growth, and blood parameters of red sea bream Pagrus major. The starved group was not fed during the first 32 days of the experiment and was then fed for 28 days. The growth rate of the starved fish group was significantly lower than that of the fed fish group. Starvation resulted in growth retardation and reductions in final body weight, growth rate, specific growth rate, and condition factor, whereas the fed fish group grew well and maintained a good condition. The growth rate of the starved group that was refed was higher than that of the fed group. Red blood cells, hematocrit, and hemoglobin showed no significant differences between the fed and starved groups. The cortisol and glucose levels of the fed group of juveniles were higher than those of the starved group. The cortisol levels of the starved group of adults were higher than those of the fed group, whereas the glucose levels of the starved group were lower than those of the fed group. These results suggest that the survival, growth, and hematological parameters used to reflect starvation and feeding in this study provide a useful index of physiological response and survival rate in red sea bream.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2010

Our objective of current study was to investigate the development of bone and heart in association with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM was induced by administering an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg) to 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Body weight and blood glucose were monitored, and rats were sacrificed after 2 or 5 weeks. The left ventricle (LV), including the interventricular septum, was weighed, and body weight and tibial bone length were assessed. Young diabetic rats showed reduced growth in terms of tibial length and body weight compared to controls. Moreover, diabetic males showed more significant growth suppression and reduced LV size than diabetic females. Morphometric analysis of tibiae from diabetic rats revealed suppressed bone growth at 2 and 5 weeks, with no difference between genders. STZ-induced diabetes decreased bone growth and retarded pre-pubertal heart development. As a result, diabetes may increase cardiovascular risk factors and lead to eventual heart failure. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are required for diabetic children exhibiting growth retardation. Heart growth factor, exercise, and cardiopulmonary physical therapy may be required to promote heart development and physiological function.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.81-89
• /
• 2008

메기, Silurus asotus에서 포식과 기아가 생존과 성장, 내장괴지수, 간중량지수, 생식소중량지수, 외형계측형질 변화 및 혈액 parameter들에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 80일동안 기아 실험을 수행하였다. 기아군의 생존과 성장은 포식군의 생존과 성장에 비해 낮았다(P<0.05). 기아는 체중성장률, 일간성장률과 비만도에서 성장 정지 효과를 나타낸 반면, 포식군은 지속적인 성장을 보였다. 외형 계측형질 중복강 부위 횡단길이 관련에서 포식군은 실험 시작시와 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 기아군은 차이를 나타냈다 (P<0.05). 실험 기간 중 혈액성상(cortisol, glucose, AST, ALT, RBC 및 hemoglobin)에서 포식군과 기아군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 본 연구 결과, 포식과 기아 파악에 사용된 모든 parameter들은 본 종의 영양 상태 확인의 지표로 유용하며, 양식 메기의 성장 시기 평가 결정에 유용하리라 사료된다.