• 약학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2001

In previous study, Gyrophora esculenta showed significant inhibitory effect on $\alpha$-glucosidases in vitro and blood glucose elevation in vivo. In the isolating process of active substance, orcinol was separated from Gyrophora esculenta. Orcinol is known to be toxic, therefore, in this study, it was analysed by the TLC densitometry method for quantitative determination from Gyrophora esculenta. The average amount of orcinol of Gyrophora esculenta was 0.2%. For the purpose of removing orcinol, the water extract of Gyrophora esculenta was sequentially fractionated by organic solvents, and the acute toxicity of each fraction was assessed in mice. Among them, the LD50 of butanol fraction was 1.19 g/kg(p.o.) and the weight increase of mice in that group was somewhat retarded.

• 약학회지
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• 제2권1_2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1953

The leaves of prunus padus L. var. Seoulensis Nakai distributed widely in Korea, were extracted with boiling alcohol(95%) after being mixed with calcium carbonate. The aqueous solution distilled off alcohol from the above filtered extract under the reduced pressure was evaporated to the dryness. The residue was extracted with acetic ether on the water-bath and the acetic ether solution extract was allowed to stand for a weck after removing out of acetic ether almostly, then a colorless necdles were Crystalized out which has the following characteristics : $C_{14}$ $H_{17}$ $O_{6}$ N, began to melt at 138-139.deg. bitter taste [.alpha.]$_$ $D^{20}$ ]=-26.99.deg. soluble in water, alcohol acetone acetic ether etc. slightly soluble in chloroform. It was proved to be identical with prunasine due to above characteristics and determination of Benzal-dehyde HCN and glucose respectively which was obtained on hydrolysis of this glycoside with emulsine.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.47-50
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• 1998

For the quantitiative determination of chemical and taste components in black omija(Schizandra nigra Max) and omija(S.chinensis), compositions of free sugars, free amino acids, total amino acids, and minerals were analyzed. Among the total free sugars in black omija and omija, glucose and frutose were major free sugars and sucrose was little amount. The most abundant free amino acid in black imija was histidine and that in imija was serine. The major free amino acid in black omija and omija were histidine, serine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. The major total amino acids in black omija and omija were glutamic acid, arginine , leucine and histidine. The limiting amino acid of each omija was S-containing amino acids. The abuntdant minerals in black omija and omija were K and Ca.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.287-296
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• 1992

To determinate self-purification constants of pollutants loaded in the ecosystems, the self- purification process was formulated, and a measurement method of the self-purification constants was derived. $C=C_0e^{-st}$ When $C_0$ is the initial pollutant amounts loaded in a ecosystem, and C is the rest pollutant amounts after the time, t, the equation of the self-purification, s, is $s=\frac{P}{C}$ When in aquatic ecosystem, $C_0$ is the initial polluant amounts loaded in water body, and Cis the rest pollutation amounts after the time, t, the self-purification constant, s, is $s=(\frac{\ln C_0-\ln C}{t}$ Self-purification constants of pine and oak forests at kwangneung in kyonggido were 0.07 and 10 respectively, of BOD in gokneung stream in kyonggido was 0.51, and of glucose and phosphate in pools on the stone in mt.jiri were 0.49 and 15.19 respectively.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2001

시판 라면제품(봉지면 25시료, 용기면 11시료)을 대상으로 하여 짠맛, 단맛, 감칠맛과 관련한 성분들을 과학적인 방법으로 객관화하고 수치화하였다. 짠맛성분인 $Na^+$ 함량(봉지면 $18.73{\pm}3.18%$, 용기면 $17.62{\pm}1.92%$)을 분석하여 NaCl 함량을 구한 결과, 봉지면 20.90%, 용기면 18.16%이었으며, 감칠맛 성분인 glutamic acid 함량(봉지면 $10.50{\pm}3.78%$, 용기면 $10.47{\pm}1.68%$)를 분석하여 MSG 함량을 구한 결과는 봉지면 12.08%, 용기면 12.04%로 비슷하였다. 또한 GMP, IMP 함량은 봉지면 $0.15{\pm}0.06%$, $0.20{\pm}0.11%$, 용기면 $0.14{\pm}0.03%$, $0.18{\pm}0.05%$이었다. 단맛성분인 유리당(sucrose, glucose, fructose) 함량을 분석하고 이를 당의 종류별 감미도 계수(sucrose 1.0, glucose 0.7, fructose 1.1)에 따라 sucrose기준으로 환산하여 감미도를 비교한 결과는 봉지면 $19.85{\pm}5.68%$, 용기면 $18.02{\pm}7.82%$이었다. 따라서, $Na^+$, glutamic acid 및 유리당 분석법이 라면 중의 NaCl, MSG, 감미도를 알아내는 간단하고 정확한 기술로서 유용함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities and mechanisms of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) herbal acupuncture. Methods : Anti-diabetic and anti-steatotic activity of the AS herbal acupuncture was investigated on C57BL/6J ob/ob mice. After random grouping at the age of 9 weeks, the herbal acupuncture groups were injected subcutaneously at the left and right Gansu (BL18) corresponding acupuncture points alternately on exactly the same time every day with 0.1ml of either 400 mg/kg or 800 mg/kg of AS (AS400 and AS800) for 8-week period. As a positive control, metformin was administrated at a dose of 300 mg/kg (MT300). Body weights were measured weekly, and on every other week blood was collected for blood glucose analysis. At the end of study, blood was also collected for determination of plasma insulin and lipid levels, after which they were killed and periepidydimal fat, liver, muscle, and pancreas were immediately removed. The removed tissues were instantly soaked in liquid nitrogen and stored at $-70^{\circ}C$ for morphological examination and mRNA analysis. Results : The AS herbal acupuncture significantly prevented weight gain on C57BL/6J ob/ob mice. The AS herbal acupuncture lowered blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice. The increase of insulin response during the OGTT was inhibited by the AS herbal acupuncture. Insulin sensitivity of skeletal tissue was enhanced. Plasma lipid levels were significantly improved in the AS herbal acupuncture groups. The AS herbal acupuncture decreased hepatic lipogenesis and hepatic triglyceride production, and increased fatty acid (FA) transporter that involves in FA uptake. The AS herbal acupuncture inhibited the increase of liver mass by prevention of the accumulation of TG but did not inhibit weight gain of fat tissue on C57BL/6J ob/ob mice. Conclusion : In summary, we have demonstrated several unique properties of the AS herbal acupuncture in decreasing body weight, and reversing insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice. This AS herbal acupuncture acts as an insulin sensitizer and specifically decreases circulating glucose and lipids, and suppresses hepatic lipogenesis.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1983

사료급여량이 옥수수와 대두박의 TME(AM $E_{F}$ )와 TME(AM $E_{FC}$ )가에 미치는 영향과 사료의 형태(단미와 배합)가 옥수수의 TME가에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 옥수수 대두박의 AME, AM $E_{F}$ 가는 공히 각급이수준간 현저한 유의차(P＜.05)가 있었으며, 특히 50mg 급이수준에서 옥수수, 대두박 공히 가장 높았다. 반면 옥수수의 AME 가는 50과 75mg 합이수준간에는 유의차(P＞.05)가 없었다. 2. 옥수수의 TME와 AM $E_{FC}$ 가는 각 급이수준간 유의차가 없었던(P＞.05) 반면 대두박은 각 수준간 현저한 차가(P＜.05) 있었다. 5 mg 급이수준에서 대두박의 AM $E_{FC}$ TME 가가 가장 높은 사실은 특히 대두박의 경우에는 TME 측정상 문제점이 있음을 지적하는 것이다. 3. 단미 또는 배합사료 형태로 측정한 옥수수의 TME가는 두 형태간 유의성은 없었다. (P＞.05)

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1983

본 시험은 분채취시간 및 Corn Starch, Glucose Mixture (Starch (50) ＋ Glucose (50))의 급이가 성웅계의 내인성에너지 (FEm＋UEe) 손실에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1. Period II(24-28hr)의 분배설량, 에너지량과 N 손실량은 Period I(0-24hr)의 경우보다 높았으나 유의차 (P＝.05)는 없었다. 2. 체중(X)과 분배설량, 에너지 및 N 손실량 (Y) 간에는 유의차 상관관계는 발견되지 않았는데 (P＞.05) 이는 체중이 내인성에너지 (FEm＋UEe) 손실에 영향하지 않는다는 사실을 뒷받침하는 것이었다. 3 Glucose, Mixture 급이구는 절식구에 비하여 분배설량, 에너지 및 N 손실량이 현저하게 감소하였다. (P＜.05). 4. Corn Starch 급이구의 분배지량, N 손실량은 절식구에 비해 유의적 (P＜.05)으로 감소했으나 내인성에너지 손실량은 두 구간 유의차가 없었다. (P＞.05) 이는 Corn Starch의 Apparent Digestibility가 Glucose, Mixture구 보다 낮았음을 지적하는 것이다. 5. 급이구의 N 손실량은 절식구에 비하여 현저히 감소한 사실은 탄수화물 급이가 절식동안 조직의 이화작용에 의한 에너지 손실의 일부를 보완하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1527-1527
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• 2001

Glucose, fructose and sucrose being the main sugars that can be found in natural fruit juice. Many instrumental methods, such as GC, LC, electrochemical or spectrometric methods provide information about both the total content of sugars and the specific concentration of each carbohydrate[1]. The simplicity of sample handling and measurement in the near IR(NIR) wavelength region, which allows the use of long pathlength, optical glass cells and optical fibers, makes NIR a good alternative for sugar determination [2]. In the present study, six varieties of persian grapes were harvested at intervals through august to october and analysed for sugars by NIR. The results were processed by principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis. Sample juice was prepared by squeezing through gauze from crashed grape. This solution was treated by zinc ferrocyanide prior to analysis in order to eliminate colored compounds and all optically active nonsugar substances. For glucose and fructose the most characteristic wavelengths were 1456nm corresponding to the first harmonic O-H stretching and the second at 2062nm corresponding to O-H stretching and deformation; secondary characteristic combination bands were also seen at 2265 nm (O-H and C-C stretching) and at 2240 nm (C-H and C-C stretching). However these spectra were taken over a wavelength range from 1100-2500nm at room temperature of 25-$30^{\circ}C$. To test the accuracy of the described procedure, samples of six varieties of grape were analysed by the proposed NIR and a standard method[2]. Good agreement were found between these two sets of the results. To perform the recovery studies , samples of grape juices previously analysed by the proposed method, were spiked with known amounts of each individual sugars and then analysed again. Relative standard deviations varied from 1.4 to 1.8% for six independent measurements of individual and total sugar concentration. In the analysis of real and synthetic samples, precise and accurate results were obtained , providing accuracy errors lower than 1.9% in all cases. Average recoveries of ${97}{\pm}{4%}$ for total sugar and between ${95}{\pm}{5%}$ and ${99}{\pm}{2%}$ for sing1e sugars demonstrate the applicability of the methodology developed to the direct analysis of grape Juice.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2009

Smallanthus sonchifolius (Yacon, Asteraceae) was originally cultivated in South America and used in food and traditional medicine by Andean inhabitants. Yacon is potentially beneficial for the management of diabetes and is composed of fructooligosaccharides, proteins, minerals and phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Yacon tuber extract (YTE) and its constituent, chlorogenic acid (CGA), in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this study, a HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of major active phenolic components, CGA and caffeic acid in YTE. We investigated the hypoglycemic effect of YTE and CGA in STZ-induced diabetic rats and studied glucose tolerance test (GTT). The effect of orally administered multiple doses of YTE and CGA on plasma biochemical parameters was examined using diabetic rats. We also measured free radical scavenging activity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Oral administration of YTE (200 mg/kg) and CGA (10 mg/kg) for 6 weeks produced a significant hypoglycemic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats. YTE and CGA-treated groups exhibited significantly decreased plasma glucose surge during the GTT. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were significantly decreased by 33% and 49%, respectively, in YTE-treated rats. TC and TG concentrations were also significantly decreased by 26 % and 41%, respectively, in CGA-treated rats. In the DPPH assay, free radical scavenging activity of CGA was similar to that of vitamin E, a positive control. This study suggests that YTE and its constituent, CGA, may be a useful option for management of hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy.