• 설비공학논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.300-311
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• 1997

A theoretical method was developed to analyze the effect of low-$\varepsilon$ coatings which have influence on thermal performance of vacuum windwo glazing and double pane glazing. The overall heat transfer coefficient(U) value and thermal performance were analyzed by theroretical method on various kins of windows. TRNSYS program was used to analyze total heating and cooling energy consumption on the model building which has various windows. As the result, better thermal insulation can be achieved on the vacuum window glazing than double pane glazing when low-$\varepsilon$ coating was done on the surface of glass. Total heating and cooling energy consumption was almost same on the double pane window glazing but was lessened on the vacuum window glazing when the window size of south direction increased. Therefore, low-$\varepsilon$ coating was very necessary for vacuum window glazing in order to improve thermal insulation performance and efficient energy conservation can be achieved by vacuum window glazing at the real building which has large window.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1-1
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• 2014

Side scuttle in the shipboard windows is used in a smaller size in order to prevent damage to the glass. This shipboard windows should have high sound insulation performance (More than $R_w$ 53 dB) according to norsok standards. However, side scuttle having a small size and high sound insulation material is difficult to measure exact result without a suitable filler wall. In this study, the test was conducted according to the number of changes in the small window. As a result, before starting the test should be conducted to the selection of the suitable filler wall or secure a specimen area.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2010

This study aims to know temperature and humidity handling ability of Hwang-To brick and traditional paper window's in mock-up room test. To achieve these goals, mock-up room test was carried out. The results are as follows. 1) There are no significant differences among specimen in temperature handling capacity. 2) Traditional paper windows are very sensitive when compared with glass window in humidity control. 3) Traditional paper windows have a big handling capacity in humidity control when vapors letting out in mock-up room. 4) Hwang-To brick case is more stable than other cases in relative humidity variances because it has more potential to contain humidity.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2023

공주제일교회 기독교박물관은 1931년에 초축되었으며 한국전쟁으로 상당 부분 파손되었으나 벽체와 굴뚝 등이 보존되었다. 이 건물은 1956년 예배당을 재건하며 신축이 아닌 파손된 부분의 보수를 통해 원형을 유지하고 있다는 점에서 건축학적으로 높은 가치가 있다. 스테인드글라스는 1979년에 설치하였으며, 덩어리유리를 사용하는 달드베르(Dalle de Verre) 방식으로 큰 의미가 있다. 그러나 일부 스테인드글라스에서는 다양한 균열과 쪼개짐이 나타나고 색유리를 지지하는 줄눈에는 수직 및 수평균열이 확인되는 등 부분적인 손상을 입었다. 스테인드글라스의 구조재로는 철제 틀과 이를 충전한 시멘트 모르타르가 사용되었으며, 부분적으로 풍화작용에 따라 철제의 부식과 모르타르의 균열 및 입상분해가 나타난다. 줄눈재에서는 Ca과 S의 함량이 높아 석고를 혼화재로 사용하였음을 지시하며, 석고는 능형으로 성장하며 다발모양을 이루고 있는 것으로 보아 재결정작용을 거친 것으로 판단된다. 줄눈재의 초음파속도 모델링 결과, 입구 좌우창의 속도는 800~1,600㎧ 범위로 상대적으로 취약하며, 제단의 좌창 우측 하단과 중앙창 좌측 상단도 1,000~1,800㎧로 나타나 상대적으로 낮은 물성을 보였다. 또한 줄눈재와 표면오염물에서는 석회 모르타르의 중성화에서 생성되는 석고화합물이 검출되었다. 이와 같은 염류는 동결 및 융해작용에 따라 줄눈재의 손상을 일으킬 수 있어 적절한 예방보존이 필요하다. 스테인드글라스와 줄눈재에는 다양한 손상유형이 복합적으로 나타나고 있어 임상실험을 통해 맞춤형 보존처리를 검토해야 할 것이다.

• 한국화재조사학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.12-15
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to distinguish the causes of broken glass from doors or windows when it is found being originally kept among the remains on the floor in fire site - whether it was broken due to heating or by outer power through test and the properties of the broken plane including the pattern on the plane. Addition to it, the study tries to find characteristics for judging the point and direction of breakdown through the analysis of glass broken by outer power. With two causes assumed - a. breakdown due to heating and b. breakdown due to outer power - 3 pieces of glass plates $(30cm{\times}30cm{\times}5mm)$ for each case were tested, getting the results as following: 1. For the glass broken due to the change of temperature The broken plane is of slow curve and smooth without any pattern. 2. For the broken due to outer power With the impact point as the center, the shows breakdown of radial type and the side shows breakdown of near-perpendicular type. The far the broken piece is from the impact point, the bigger the size is. The broken piece at the impact point is of long triangle type and the two long planes of the triangle shows semi-arc with the center of breakdown point and the other plane shows opposite pattern 3. Change of the pattern and type of the glass due to outer power The pattern and type of the glass due to outer power shows change due to heatihg.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2015

The advanced counties effort to the supplement of the zero energy buildings for the global building energy saving. In the middle of the development of passive technology, the government has to effort to the energy saving of buildings by enhanced performance of the window thermal insulation. By the method of enhanced performance of window thermal insulation, the use of vacuum double glazing saves the energy consumption in building. This glazing has low U-value(heat transmission coefficient) than normal double glazing. The vacuum glazing enhanced thermal insulation performance by vacuum space of between the glass and glass. For this vacuum glazing, pillar maintain the space between glass and glass. But this structure cause the raising the heat transmission coefficient in pillar approaching glass. This study confirmed the U-value by the test method of thermal resistance for windows and doors. Also this study confirmed the variation of heat transmission coefficient by the structure of vacuum glazing. And this study measured the surface temperature of the vacuum glazing about pillar approaching glass and vacuum space in cool chamber and hot box. That result, this study confirmed U-value of $0.422W/m^2{\cdot}K$ of vacuum glazing. Also this study confirmed U-value of $0.300{\sim}0.422W/m^2{\cdot}K$ by various the structure of vacuum glazing. And this study confirmed the heat flow in pillar approaching glass.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2024

RM (reactive mesogen) 기반 투과율 가변형 스마트윈도우는 두 장의 스마트윈도우를 겹쳐 RM의 배향 각도의 차이에 따라 편광된 빛을 투과 또는 차단시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 RM 기반 스마트윈도우의 창호 적용 가능성을 고려하여, 외부로부터 유입되는 태양열의 차단 성능에 대한 평가 시험을 수행하였다. 이를 위해 300×300 mm² 크기의 λ/4 위상지연 필름 기반 스마트 윈도우를 제작하였으며, 이후 300 nm ~ 2500 nm 파장대역에서 스마트윈도우의 투과/반사율 데이터를 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 통한 태양열취득율 (SHGC, solar heat gain coefficient) 값을 도출하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 투과모드와 차단모드에서 SGHC가 각각 0.722, 0.615의 값을 얻어 동작 모드에 관계없이 태양열 차단에 효과가 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 최종적으로 스마트윈도우 적용 시 온도 상승 억제에 대한 영향성을 검증하기 위해 테스트 박스를 제작하였으며, 세 개의 테스트 박스 (reference, 스마트윈도우 투과/차단 모드) 내부의 온도를 10분 주기로 7일 동안 관찰하였다. 오후 1시를 기준으로, 스마트윈도우가 적용된 테스트 박스의 내부 온도는 동작모드와 관계 없이 reference (유리기판)와 비교하여 낮은 내부 온도를 보였다. 특히 reference의 온도가 66.1℃로 가장 높았던 날에는 스마트윈도우가 적용된 테스트 박스의 온도는 61.0℃로 5.1℃의 온도 상승 억제 효과를 보여 위상지연 필름 기반 스마트윈도우의 태양열 차단 성능을 확인하였다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2017

Purpose: Heat transfer analysis of recently developed 'slim type double-skin system window' were presented. This window system is designed for curtain wall type façade that main energy loss factor of recent elegant buildings. And the double skin system is the dual window system integrated with inner shading component, enclosed gap space made by two windows when both windows were closed and shading component effectively reflect and terminate solar radiation from outdoor. Usually double-skin system requires much more space than normal window systems but this development has limited by 270mm, facilitated for curtain wall façade buildings. In this study, we estimated thermophysical phenomena of our double-skin curtain wall system window with solar load conditions at the summer season. Method: A fully 3-Dimentional analysis adopted for flow and convective and radiative heat transfer. The commercial CFD package were used to model the surface to surface radiation for opaque solid region of windows' frame, transparent glass, fluid region at inside of double-skin and indoor/outdoor environments. Result: Steep angle of solar incident occur at solar summer conditions. And this steep solar ray cause direct heat absorption from outside of frame surface rather than transmitted through the glass. Moreover, reflection effect of shading unit inside at the double-skin window system was nearly disappeared because of solar incident angle. With this circumstances, double-skin window system effectively cuts the heat transfer from outdoor to indoor due to separation of air space between outdoor and indoor with inner space of double-skin window system.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2019

It is important to design windows in a reasonable way considering the performance characteristics of the elements of the window rather than just to increase the thermal energy performance of the window. In this study, the Heat-transfer Coefficient as insulation performance of the windows and together with the grade of the glass's SHGC (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) were analyzed to relate to the energy efficiency performance of the building by azimuth angle. Based on this basic study, the Heat-transfer Coefficient of windows and the SHGC rating of glass were applied to the unit plan of apartment building, and the Heating and Cooling Demand were analyzed by azimuth angle. Apartment plan types were divided into 2 types of Non-extension and extension of balcony. The designPH analysis data derived from the variant of the Heat-transfer Coefficient and SHGC, were put into PHPP(Passive House Planning Package) to analyze precisely the energy efficiency(Heating and Cooling Demands) of the building by azimuth angle. In addition, assuming the 'ㅁ' shape layout, energy efficiency performance and potential of PV Panel installation also were analyzed by floors and azimuth angle, reflecting the shading effects by surrounding buildings. As the results of the study, the effect of Heat Gain by SHGC was greater than Heat Loss due to the Heat-transfer Coefficient. So it is more effective to increase SHGC to satisfy the same Heating Demand, and increasing SHGC made possible to design windows with low Heat-transfer Coefficient. It was also revealed that the difference in annual Heating and Cooling Demands between the low, mid and high floor households is significantly high. In addition to it, the installation of PV Panel in the form of a shading canopy over the window reduces the Cooling Load while at the same time producing electricity, and also confirmed that absolute thermal energy efficiency could not be maximized without controlling the thermal bridge and ventilation problems as important heat loss factors.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.336-339
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• 1995

There has been considerable interest in electrochromic devices because of its potential application in automobiles including mirrors and windows. The electrochromic(EC) mirror can automatically control the amount of glare produced by headlights or other light source on either inside or outside mirrors. Therefore, the EC mirror can be a better alternative to todays day-night mirrors for automobiles. In this paper we have fabricated all solid state EC mirrors with glass-ITO / a-WO$_3$/ polymer electrolyte / a-V$_2$O$\sub$5/ / ITO-glass / Al structure and investigated their spectral reflectance as a function of applied voltage.