• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.29-34
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• 2007

Discomfort glare from windows is an important issue in window and daylighting design. This study aims to investigate the effect of luminance difference between the lower and the upper part of a large glare source. Experiments were conducted using a luminous body divided into two parts, the upper part and the lower part. The degree of discomfort glare from the luminous body was examined. The result shows that the part with lower luminance is perceived as a glare source when the part has higher luminance then the background luminance. The degree of discomfort glare was estimated for the experimental conditions, and compared to the observations. The estimation was made using two methods: one summed the glare sensation for each section, and the other used the average luminance of the whole luminous body. The result of the comparison shows that the method using the average luminance has approximate values to the observations. Consequently, the use of the average luminance was proposed for evaluation of discomfort glare from non-uniform large glare sources.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.13-21
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• 2002

In the interior lighting, usually we refer to TAL and general lighting. The last one is that we generally adopt it in the interior lighting conditions. Here, glare is most important factor of them, especially in working place using VDT. Reference or development of estimation on glare has been studied in CIE, IESNA etc. and these of glare regulations now are applied differently in the interior lighting design or estimation on glare. But we have no glare regulation in detail, of course except G classification, which has limit of itself, so in my case it is impossible to apply in the interior lighting. On this paper, with some of main glare regulations in the world and our conditions in the interior lighting which are selected carefully, in an actual state it has been estimated So, it intended to blow which one is most suitable or what factors are considered of them, also show glare index which are appropriate to our interior lighting.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

The existing discomfort glare models are based on research that was conducted exclusively with uniform luminance sources. It is impossible to apply the models to windows of non-uniform luminance. For evaluating discomfort glare from windows, the method selecting glare source on a window plane is necessary. This study was carried outto propose a practical method to choose glare source from anon-uniform window plane. In the experiment, the perception of glare source according to the luminance difference is examined using a simulated windowof non-uniform luminance. The surface of the window is divided into two or three parts, and different luminance is setting on each surface. The observers were asked to decide whether the lower part of the window can be perceived as a glare source or not. The result shows that the lower part is perceived as a glare source when the lower part has over 37% of the luminance of the upper part of the window divided into two parts, and when it has over 51% of the luminance of the upper part of the window divided into three parts. the results may be applicable to select the glare source in awindow.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2015

Currently, in South Korea, 'Light Pollution Prevention Act by Artificial Lighting' has been enforced. For advertising lighting, it is limited based on only the light-emitting luminance. Luminance is a concept related to the glare. Not only the luminance of the light source, but also glare is affected depending on some situations like blinking, luminance contrast, background illuminance. This study conducted glare subjective evaluation with brightness, color, and blinking by looking at the LED lighting box. The results showed that the glare indexes were higher about 2 times in a decrease of background illuminance from 100lx to 0lx. The glare index of R, G, B light was higher than that of white light. The average glare index of the blue light was higher about 8 times compared to 2,700K. And the blink rate had little effect on the glare, but it affected the irritation. Therefore, the glare effect of light color and blinking needs to be considered for the standard of luminous environment.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.25-30
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• 2010

The daylited space can improve visual comfort and occupant's well-being. However discomfort glare from the daylight is a common problem in indoor environments and in general, the window is the main glare sources. Some formulas have been proposed for predicting glare from the daylight, however, they do not consider the effect on glare of the view through a window and some studies proved that they are inadequate in real daylight situation. This research aims to identify the relationship between view and discomfort glare considering the subjective impressions. As a preliminary experiment, this paper sets up the experimental protocol to reveal relationships between views from a window and visual perception in a controlled laboratory experiment. $1.2m{\times}1.2m$ artificial window was developed and $0.9m{\times}0.9m$ view image was placed on the window. Discomfort glare and impression evaluation was carried out under four different views and one blank view as a reference condition. The results showed that the subjects evaluated discomfort glare differently with the views even under the same luminance conditions and tended to feel less glare with distance views compared to near views.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.87-92
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• 2001

실내의 조명상황에서 Glare의 문제성을 지적하고, 실제로 공간내 조명기구로부터의 Glare를 평가하였다. 정해진 위치에서 공간을 바라봤을 때, 시야에 들어오는 광원들에 의한 직접 Glare를 각종 Glare 규정에 따라 평가를 하였으며, 상호 비교분석도 하였다. 특히, KS에서 조명기구에 대한 최대 휘도를 제한하는 G분류의 적합성을 상호 분석함으로써 그 결과를 살펴보고자 하였으며, 현 KS의 G분류의 개선점이나 보완점을 지적하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

Impact of daylighting on the visual environment can improve occupant's well-being by providing visual comfort. Also, daylighting can save energy. However, glare from window can be a direct hazard to vision and can cause serious discomfort. Selecting glare source on a window plane is very important for evaluating discomfort glare from windows. But former glare indices can not identify the range of the glare source properly. In this study, difference in glare sensation with uniform and non-uniform glare sources are evaluated to identify the range of the glare source. The glare source was assumed as $120{\times}120[cm]$ window model. The window was divided into three parts with different luminance values. The experiment was conducted under 1[m], 1.5[m], 3[m] distance from the glare source. Two results were obtained from the experiments. First, the degree of discomfort glare increased as average window luminance increased. Second, the middle and lower part of the window plane can affect evaluation of discomfort glare as well as the upper part of the window plan. These results can be used for selecting the glare source in a window with non-uniform luminance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

To find an appropriate illuminance range for the disability glare caused by the road lighting system installed on guardrails, the influence of the disability glare was evaluated in comparison with the road lighting system of a streetlight. To test the disability glare, an indoor laboratory was constructed and a variation of luminance contrast threshold was evaluated. As a result, when the retinal illuminance was increased and glare sources existed within the narrow visual field, the luminance contrast threshold was increased. Although the road lighting luminaire was installed as low as the height of the guardrail on the road, when out of sight, the influence of the disability glare was small in comparison with the conventional road lighting system such as a streetlight.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.569-579
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• 1994

현행 TV 브라운관용 panel의 투과검사 작업장에서의 조명설계에 대한 문제점을 규명한 결과, 투과검사 작업시 사용되지 않는 광원부분으로 인한 glare가 있음이 파악되었다. 본 연구에서는 glare가 직접적으로 visibility를 감소시키는지의 여부와 장시간 glare에 노출되어 누적된 눈의 피로가 결과적으로 작업에 영향을 미치는지를 알아보았다. 이를 위해 glare광원의 각도와 투과검사작업의 work period가 변화함에 따라 작업수행도가 어떻게 변화하는가를 정량적으로 관찰하였다. 연구결과, visibility에 직접적으로 영향을 미치지 않는 소량의 glare도 장시간 누적되면, 눈의 피로를 유발하여, 작업수행도에 영향을 미치며, 육안검사작업의 작업수행도 저하에 대한 indicator로서 DGR(discomfort glare rating)이 활용될 수 있음이 파악되었다. 또한, 작업특성에 관계없이 일률적으로 적용되는 VCP(visual comfort probabilities)를 기준으로 실제작업장의 조명을 설계하기는 어려울 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Living Environment System
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.233-237
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• 2013

Daylighting affects the luminous environment and provides comfortable environment to the occupants. However, excessive daylighting might have negative influences on the visual comfort. Skylight, light intensity and distribution, and insolation could cause glare effects on the occupants. This study analyzed the effect of fenestration on the interior glare effects, and verified luminous environment adjustability through mock up test of conventional fenestration and 'Convergence Window System' by analyzation of luminance, luminance contrast, and glare effect. Consequently, room installed Convergence Window System was improved luminance contrast and PGSV Level.