• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.272-275
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• 1992

한국산 녹차 종자(Camellia sinecis L.)에 함유된 단백질, 탄수화물, 조지방, 조회분 함량은 해바라기(Helianthus annuus)씨나 잇꽃종실(Carthamus tinctorius L.) 등과 대등하였으나, 조사포닌은 12.2%로 참깨(0.29%)나 땅콩(0.63%)보다 월등히 높게 함유하였고, oleic acid를 비롯한 불포화 지방산 조성은 82%였다. Tocopherol은 ${\alpha}-form$만 $22\;{\mu}g/g$ 보였을 뿐 일반종자보다 현저히 낮은 수준으로 함유하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2016

Background: This study aimed to investigate the flowering and fruits formation characteristics of Korean Panax ginseng varieties. The results will provide basic data for ginseng seed production and breeding program. Methods and Results: The characteristics investigated included flowering date, seed setting rate, seed type and seed production. The ginseng variety Chungsun had the earliest emergency and flowering dates, whereas Sunhyang showed late emergence and flowering dates. The emergence date of Chunpoong was not later than that of the other varieties, but the flowering date was delayed. The seed setting rate was 64.6%, 75.8%, 78.5% and 74.4% for three, four, five and six-year-old varieties, respectively. The ratio of double seed (RD) for Sunhyang and Chungsun were higher than those for the others, whereas the RD for Chunpoong was the lowest. Yunpoong and Sunone had many stems per plant and a high seed production rate. Seed production was 21.7, 67.7, 74.4 and 89.0kg/10 a in three, four, five and six-year-old varieties, respectively. Conclusions: The emergence date ranged from April 15 to 25, and the flowering date was from May 10 to the 19 for the new ginseng varieties. The average seed multiplication of the ginseng varieties was about 8.5 and 21.1 times a year for varieties in which, seed-production occurs once a year for over four years and four times over six years, respectively.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.262-266
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• 1983

인삼종자의 내과피에 부생하는 진균이 배생장 및 개압에 미치는 영향을 알기 위하여 종자와 층적장의 모래를 살균 처리한 뒤 종자를 층적하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 종자소독에 의해 종자의 내과피에 부생하는 균밀도가 현저히 저하되었으며 종자의 경도변화가 크게 억제되었고, 종자의 경도와 균밀도간에는 부(-)상관 $(r=0.984^**)$이 인정되었다. 2. 종자내 수분함량의 증가는 종자소독구가 대조구보다 20일 늦게 시작되었다. 3. 배생장과 개압은 종자소독에 의해 크게 억제되었고 종자의 경도가 낮을수록 배생장은 잘되었다. 인삼종자의 내과피에 부생하는 진균이 내과피를 경화시켜 산소, 수분 등의 공급을 쉽게 함으로써 배생장 및 개갑을 촉진시키는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.96-100
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• 1996

In this experiment, germination test of ginseng seed and growth test of two year old ginseng in soil incorporated with quinclorac (3,7-Dichloro-8-quinoline carboxylic acid) were conducted to evaluate phytotoxicity caused by quinclorac residue in soil. Ginseng seed germiilation was hardly affected, but growth of ginseng seedling was retarded by quinclorac. The phytotoxicity of quinclorac on ginseng seedling was expressed at the lowest level tested, 3.75 g a.i./10a (118 of recommended rate for rice cultivation). The representative phytotoxicity in ginseng were decreased root weight, shortened leaf width and leaf length, and weak lateral root Quinclorac residue decreased by 1/4 in pot soil after 2 months and below 2 ppm in the paddy soil applied at usual rate (30 g a.i./10a) after 1∼ 2 years. Below 2 ppd ginseng did not show any phytotoxicity symptom.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2008

본 실험은 품종별 종자의 크기가 묘삼의 소질에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 우수한 묘삼생산의 기초자료로 삼고자 수행하 였다. 품종간 종자크기별 개갑율과 생존율을 조사한 결과 개갑율은 품종에서 선운이 가장 우수하였고, 천풍의 개갑율이 가장 불량하였다. 종자크기는 개갑율 과 생존율에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 경장, 경직경, 엽면적은 종자의 크기가 클수록(4.7 mm 이상) 생육이 우수하였으며 종자의 크기가 작을수록 생육이 불량하여 지상부 생육에 종자의 크기가 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 근장, 근직경, 근생체중은 종자의 크기가 큰 것(4.7 mm 이상)이 생육이 우수하였으며, 종자의 크기가 작은 것은 생육이 불량하였다. 종자크기별 이용가능 및 불용묘삼을 조사한 결과 종자의 크기가 클 수 록 이용가능 묘삼의 수량과 본수 증가하는 경향이었다. 품종에서는 연풍, 금풍, 고풍이 지상하부의 생육이 우수하였으며, 천풍은 지상하부의 생육이 낮았다. 사용가능 및 우량묘삼을 생산하기 위하여 4 mm이상의 종자만을 파종하여야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.168-172
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• 1998

Systematic electrophoretic analysis of alcohol-soluble proteins and salt-soluble proteins of 247 Panax ginseng (P.g) and Panax quinquefolium (P.q) germplasms seed was carried out on an improved lactate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a method with high resolving power, good reproducibility and stability. The electrophoregrams of proteins, according to their migration rate, were classified into four groups such as ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, ${\gamma}$ and $\omega$ for the alcohol-soluble proteins and three such as I, II and III for the salt-soluble ones. Panax ginseng or Panax quinquefolium had their own unique band pattern distinguishable from each other, regarding as their specific "fingerprint". In this study, 3 of 168 (1.8%) P.g germplasms and 1 of 79 (1.3%) P.q germplasms had their own unique band pattern, showing that P.g and P.q germplasms have poor genetic diversity in species. The band patterns of dry seed and stratified seed (embryo rate=60%) were basically the same. The band number of the F, hybrid of p.gx p.q was exactly equivalent to the number of the common bands plus the specific bands of the two parents, indicating that the difference of band patterns was a genetic trait con- trolled by the nuclear genes. The electrophoregram of F1 of P.g x P.q could be predicted by that of the two parents and the band pattern of the F1 hybrids could be demnonstrated by that of the mixed seed extract from the two parents.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1992

인삼(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)의 채종전 홍숙 종자로부터 채종 후 미개갑 종자까지 단계별 배발달에 따른 배유세포내 단백과립의 변화상을 확인하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 홍숙 초기단계의 종자의 배유세포에는 구형의 스페로솜이 산재하였으며, 액포내에는 저장 단백질이 축적되어 단백과립을 형성하였다. 홍숙 말기단계의 종자의 배유세포내 세포질은 대부분 스페로솜과 단백과립으로 충만하였고, 세포소기관은 거의 관찰할 수 없었으며, 단백과립은 전자밀도가 높은 무정형의 함유물을 가지고 있는 것과 균일한 단백질 기질로만 이루어져 있는 것 등으로 크게 구분되었다. 채종 후 후숙 처리를 하지 않은 미개갑 종자에서, 배유세포내 단백과립은 구상체(globoid), 단백질 결정체 등을 함유하고 있었고, 구상체는 다양한 형태의 전자밀도가 높은 물질을 가지고 있었다. 제형층은 배와 배유조직 사이에 위치하였으며, 이와 인접하여 배유세포벽의 분해양상과 셀루로우즈 미세섬유상이 관찰되었다. 제형층은 lipid body와 분해된 배유세포의 잔유물로 이루어져 있었다. 제형층과 인접한 배유세포의 단백과립은 퇴행성 변화를 나타내었고, 이로 인해 단백질 기질은 전자밀도가 점진적으로 낮아지는 결과를 얻었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 1991

This study has been carried out to investigate the development of dictyosome, and roles of dictyosome about the formation of spherosome in the endosperm cell during seed formation of Panax ginseng with electron microscope. The result is as follows; In the endosperm cells of early stage during seed formation of Panax ginseng, plastid, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosome and ribosomes are evenly distributed in cytoplasm. Electron lucent vesicles derived from dictyosome are observed in endosperm cells. Vesicles that contain low electron density are derived from forming face of dictyosome and releases into the cytosol. This vesicles formed multi vesicular body or fused with the plasma membrane. The spherical spherosomes are formed from dictyosome containing the lipid materials of even electron density and are gradually increased in size and number. Dictyosome is located in between vacuole and spherosome and it's cisternae form a semicircle and a circle. Some membrane of the protein body that accumulate the storage protein are originate from the spherical vacuole which interfused between vesicles and vacuoles derived from dictyosome.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.171-174
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• 1995

Freshly harvested American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) seeds were stratified at two locations over each of three years. Seed development and temperature in the stratification boxes were investigated until the seed was removed 12 months later and direct-seeded in the field. During stratification and seeding (14 months) three embryo stages were identified. In Stage I of 250 days (Sept. to mid-May) embryo length increased from about 0.5 to 1.0 mm: in Stage II of 100 days (mid-May to late Aug. when seeded) length increased to 2.0 mm and in Stage III (late Aug. to late Nov.) length increased to 5.3 mm. Excerpt split width could also be placed in three stages. Changes in embryo length correlated with embryo endosperm length ratio. Insertion compression tests showed that the excerpt softened rapidly in late Stage II and throughout Stage III. The stratification box temperatures at all depths (10, 25 and 50 cm) never exceeded -2$^{\circ}C$ even when the air temperatures dropped to -13$^{\circ}C$ and were, therefore not damaging to the seeds.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.201-213
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• 1991

This study has been carried out to investigate the ultrastructural changes, formation of storage materials in endosperm cells with electron microscope during the seed formation of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. In the early stage of seed formation with green seed coat, the endosperm was cellular type. Cell plate was largely composed of dictyosome vesicles in early stage of wall formation after mitosis. Central vacuole was gradually subdivided into several small-sized vacuoles. During the differentiation of plastids, some proplastid was replaced by amyloplast with starch grains and lamellar structure. A number of mitochondria with well developed cristae were distributed in cytoplasm. Rough endoplasmc reticulum, dictyosome, microbody, free ribosomes and polysomes were evenly distributed in cytoplasm. Spherical spherosomes were formed from dictyosome containing the lipid materials of even electron density. Protein bodies were formed by interfusing between vacuoles and vesicles derived from rough endoplasmic reticulum which contained the amorphous protein of high electron density.