• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.501-519
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• 1996

There are two kinds of commercially available ginseng root, red ginseng and white ginseng processed from fresh ginseng root Those ginsengs are primary product from fresh ginseng root and have the characteristic of keeping their original root shape Processed ginseng products are made from either red ginseng or white ginseng by way of complicated process of pulverization. Extraction. Condensation, fettering, sterilization, etc. Among them there are extracts. extract powder, powder, capsules tablets, Candy, drinks, nectar, jelly, gums. chicken soup. tonic. etc. to meet the demand for consumer's pretheronce . The 200 kinds of processed secondary products are approximately produced in the form of 20 kinds of ginseng products by about 60 domestic companies. In spite of about 213.000 million won of domestic market in 1993. it seems like that the ginseng market of the future has not a good prospects The total market sale of white ginseng in Korea has been continuously decreased since 1991 And 963 tons of white ginseng was consumed in domestic market in 1993 The domestic market sales of white ginseng in origina1 root shave. was 90, 000 million won in 1993 and market price of the fine root used as a source of processed products has not been changed in these ten years. The total market sale of red ginseng and its processed products was 58, 000 million won in 1993 9.800 mi11ion won of red ginseng in original root shape and 48.000mi11ion of processed red ginseng product. Ginseng products such as extracts, drinks, teas and tonics etc atre mostly exported to south-east Asia. And the total exports of ginseng pi.oducts (extracts, drinks teas) decreased to 54 million dollars in 1994, compared with 85 million dollars in 1992. Despite of extensive knowledge about ginseng little is still known about the development of new processed ginseng pl.oducts because of "Know-How". Some papars have presented the effects of extracting method(amounts of solvent. time. temperature, equipment. etc.) on the quality and yields of ginseng extr acts. Also. some researchers have carried out a few studies on the poriflcation of the extracts and the amounts of precipitation in the drink at variotas pH during the storage for preventinly drink from precipitation. A fell studies on the preservation of Korean ginseng powder. tea. Extract powder by irradiation and ozone treatment have been reported by some researcher for the improvement hygienic quality of ginseng products There are also some reports about the effects of ginseng components on the acid production by lactic acid bacteria or acetic acid bacteria. and alcohol production by yeast for the development of new ginseng products processed by fermentation. To make ginseng more able to contribute to the health of mankind in the future. consistent and considerable efforts should be focussed on improving the taste of ginseng and developing various new product as a health food or a function food.tion food.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2006

고려인삼과 미국삼을 공시하여 Panax속 종간의 원료수삼 및 홍삼 등급에 기초하여 품질을 평가분석하였다. 1. 미국삼은 고려인삼에 비하여 근중이 적고 부정형 지근이 동체에서 많이 발생하는 관계로 체형이 불량하였다. 2. 홍삼수율은 고려인삼이 30.4%,미국삼이 33.8%로 미국삼이 높았고 홍삼의 본삼수율은 고려인삼이 80.4%, 미국삼이 72.2로 고려인삼이 높았다. 3. 원료수삼 1등급은 고려인삼이 미국삼에 비하여 2배정도 많았으나 2등급은 미국삼이 고려인삼에 비하여 많았다. 한편 고급홍삼인 천지삼율은 고려인삼이 미국삼에 비하여 높았다. 4. 홍삼 품질의 저하 원인은 고려인삼 미국삼 모두 내공과 내백 발생에 있었고 특히 미국삼은 내공에 비해 내백이 3배 가량 많이 발생하였다. 5. 홍삼의 지별 분포에서 고려인삼은 20지 이상의 대편급이 많았고 미국삼은 20지 이하의 소편급이 많았다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.268-277
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• 1998

The production of Korean ginseng, one of the most important medicinal root crops, is limited by many factors including soil sickness, root rots in fields as well as during storage prior to consumption. Although much research has been conducted on the diseases in field condition, little information is available on the control of postharvest roots rots. To obtain better management strategy of postharvest root rots in ginseng, biological control using antagonistic bacteria was attempted. Of 208 bacteria obtained form suppressive soil samples, 4 were selected based on the inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of two major causal fungi for postharvest root rots in ginseng, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium solani. The culture filtrates of these bacterial antagonists greatly inhibited the conidial germination of both pathogenic fungi and produced abnormal morphology such as swollen germ tubes in F. solani and vacuolation of nongerminated conidia in B. cinerea. The population levels of bacterial antagonists on the ginseng roots were gradually increased up to 8 days of incubation. Postharvest root rots of ginseng caused by f. solani and B. cinerea were controlled in dipping tests in the ranges of 60∼80% by antagonistic Bacillus spp. obtained from suppressive soil. These results suggest that biological control using these antagonistic bacteria would be an alternative strategy to control postharvest root rots in ginseng.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.67-70
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• 2004

인삼 근부병의 생물학적 방제를 위해 인삼 재배토양으로부터 분리된 길항미생물 Bacillu subtilis B-4228을 사용하여 방제효과를 검정하였다. 공시 균주 B-4228과 C. destructans의 대치배양결과, C destructans의 균사가 비정상적인 형태로 팽창하였으며 강한 생장억제력을 보였다. C. destructans에 의해 오염된 이병토를 이용한 pot시험결과, 건전근율이 무처리구에서 20%였으나 공시 균주 B-4228의 처리구는 82%로 높게 나타났고, 이병율(개체 인삼에 대한 뿌리썩음 이병정도의 총합비율)은 무처리의 경우 50.4%였으나 공시 균주 B-4228의 처리구는 6.0%로 낮았다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.244-247
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• 2010

It's crucial to control Alternaria blight and Anthracnose emerging mostly on ginseng leaves during the rainy season to increase the organic ginseng products. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficay of lime-brodeaux spray on the ginseng leaves and evaluate the growth and yield of the ginseng, and the contents of ginsenoside and 70% ethanol extracts from 3-year-old ginseng variety, Cheonpoong. Lime-bordeaux sprayings were conducted in the ratio of 6-6 in June, 8-8 from July to September every 15 days. After June 10, the spraying have no effects on the growth leaf and stem, and there was no significant increase in chlorophyll contents. The ratio of intact leaf and root were distinctly increased because Alternaria blight and Anthracnose were decreased by spraying lime-bordeaux mixture. Root weight per plant and root yield were increased by 15%, and 62% in 3-year old ginseng, respectively, because the ratio of intact leaf and root were higher by using lime-bordeaux mixture. Furthermore, spraying of lime-bordeaux mixture is prone to increase the ratio of rusty root in ginseng. Spraying of lime-bordeaux mixture decreased both of the contents of ginsenoside and 70% ethanol extract by 13.7%, and 15.2% in 3-year-old ginseng, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1991

This study was conducted to know the elects of light intensity of polyethylene net shading on the growth status, photosynthesis and root yield of ginseng plants. Polyethylene net shading of loft transmittance was the best one among light intensities of polyethylene net used in view of photosynthesis and decreasing of early leaf defoliation. According to increase of light intensity under the shading chlorophyll contents of ginseng leaves were decreased. As it was increased over 2 mg/g Photosynthesis and total saponin of leaves showed on the decrease remarkably. The rate of alternaria blight of ginseng plants showed the positive correlation between light intensity and leaking rate. The shading of 10% transmittance in root yield was increased by 40% in 6-year-old ginseng plant as compared with common straw shading, due to decreased missing plant and increased root weight.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
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• pp.96-102
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• 1998

A lot of individual ginseng plants were selected in the farmer's fields to develop new ginseng varieties with desirable traits. Among them, a promising line has been developed through comparative cultivation of several lines selected with pure line separation of local raced. It was then designated as "KC (denotes Korean Ginseng)" and tested in the regional yield and adaptation trials for 10 years. KG lines grew vigorously after 4 years of age. Especially, KG 102 line arson운 them showed traits of multiple and short stems. As for the root characters, the length of taproot of KG 101 line was longer than that of local race, Jakyung-jong, or other lines ailed the root weight of KG 102 line waIn 15 % higher than that of local race. In general, KG 101, KG 103, KG 104, and Hwangsauk-jong had good root shape. Total amount of ginsenosides of ginseng taproot was the highest in KG 103 line than in local race and other lines. In these studies, we, elected three superior lines, KG 101, KG 102, and KG 103, having characteristic of good root shape, high yield, and large amount of ginsenoside, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2018

Cylindrocarpon destructans/Ilyonectria radicicola is thought to cause both rusty symptom and root-rot disease of American and Korean ginseng. Root-rot disease poses a more serious threat to ginseng roots than rusty symptoms, which we argue result from the plant defense response to pathogen attack. Therefore, strains causing rotten root are characterized as more aggressive than strains causing rusty symptoms. In this review, we state 1- the molecular evidence indicating that the root-rot causing strains are genetically distinct considering them as a separate species of Ilyonectria, namely I. mors-panacis and 2- the physiological and biochemical differences between the weakly and highly aggressive species as well as those between rusty and rotten ginseng plants. Eventually, we postulated that rusty symptom occurs on ginseng roots due to incompatible interactions with the weakly aggressive species of Ilyonectria, by the established iron-phenolic compound complexes while root-rot is developed by I. morspanacis infection due to the production of high quantities of hydrolytic and oxidative fungal enzymes which destroy the plant defensive barriers, in parallel with the pathogen growth stimulation by utilizing the available iron. Furthermore, we highlight future areas for study that will help elucidate the complete mechanism of root-rot disease development.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate change of ginsenoside contents in red and fresh ginseng according to root part and age by hydrolysis. Neutral total ginsenoside contents by hydrolysis in 6-year main root and lateral root were significantly increased than those by non-hydrolysis, as 41.6 and 32.8%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in red ginseng. In fresh ginseng, ginsenoside contents of the protopanaxatriol group such as Re, Rf, $Rg_1$, $Rg_2$, and $Rh_1$ were not significantly different, but $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, $Rb_3$, Rc, and Rd showed significant difference. The increase rate of neutral total ginsenoside content by hydrolysis was higher in epidermis-cortex than stele. Also, the neutral total ginsenoside content was fine root > rhizome > lateral root > main root, respectively. While there was no tendency towards the increase of ginsenoside by hydrolysis with the increase of root age in fine root and rhizome, there was significant decrease in main root and lateral root.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.480-488
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• 2015

Background : In order to determine the effects of planting methods on root growth of ginseng varieties, two different methods, direct seed sowing and transplanting were compared in terms of their effects on different root growth characteristics. Methods and Results : Higher fresh root weight was observed in ginseng grown by direct seed sowing. Direct seed sowing of three cultivars (Sunhyang, Chungsun and K-1) resulted in higher yield, whereas no difference was observed in the yield of one cultivar (Chungsun). Gumpoong was highly tolerant to physiological stress, as it showed fewer symptoms of rusty and rough skin root diseases in both direct seed sowing and transplanting. The average main root length per total root length of ginseng grown by direct seed sowing was 33.6%, whereas that of ginseng grown by the average of those by transplanting was 22.4%. Other root growth characteristics, including root length, main root diameter, and number of side roots, improved when the direct seed sowing method was used. Conclusions : To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the differences in root growth parameters of ginseng varieties grown by direct seed sowing or transplanting at the same planting density. Because of the advantages of direct sowing during ginseng planting, developing new varieties and improving cultivation methods are imperative.