• 약학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2001

Drug inetraction between of enalapril-induced angiotensin converting enzym) inhibitory effect and Ginkgo biloba Ext.-induced antioxidant action was evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Combination treatment of enalapril (20 mg/kg/day p.o.) and Ginkgo biloba Ext. (60 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 6 weeks in drinking water to SHRs resulted the inhibition of ACE activity in lung tissue, angiotensin I-induced pressure response and plasma angiotensin II concentration as similar to enalapril alone treatment. But these effects were sustained after 1 week withdrawal of enalapril and Ginkgo biloba Ext. co-administeration. Also, coadministered group did not increase the concentration of bradykinin in lung tissue, which were different from enalapril alone treated group. Co-administration of enalapril and Ginkgo biloba Ext. inhibited the hemolysis induced by UV B type, even Ginkgo biloba Ext. alone treated group did not. These results suggested that Ginkgo biloba Ext. sustained ACE inhibitory effect and reduced the inhibitory effect of bradykinin inactivation induced by enalapril, meanwhile, enalapril increased the antioxidant effect of Ginkgo biloba Ext.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.137-141
• /
• 1996

A teratological study was performed using New Zealand White rabbits to examine the teratological potential of Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761), which is a known strong platelet activating factor antagonist. Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761) was administered per intravenously during the organogenesis period (day 6th to 18th of gestation) of rabbits at dose levels of 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg/day. All pregnant females were sacrificed on day 29 of gestation and teratological abnormalities of their fetuses was examined. No statistically significant difference of body weight change between control and treated groups during experimental periods was noted. There was no statistically signifiant difference of numbers of corpus lutes and implantations, fetal death ratio, fetal sex ratio, and placental weight between control and rabbits exposed to three different concentration ranges of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761). No marked external, visceral and skeletal abnormalities related to Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761) were observed in the fetuses. In conclusion Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761) does not show any effect on implantation or embryonic development.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.249-262
• /
• 2011

Since May 1st in 2008, the products of ginkgo biloba extract have had to be used with the patient's out-of-pocket payment due to reimbursement restriction guidelines. This study aims to analyze the policy effects of reimbursement restriction on pharmaceutical expenditures using interrupted time series(ITS) analysis. We retrieved monthly NHI claims data for the period between May, 2005 and December 2009. The ingredients identified as a substitute for ginkgo biloba have similar indications based on the similar pharmacological activities. The effects of changes in reimbursement scope were evaluated both for all relevant pharmaceuticals within the same therapeutic class and for 2 separate groups : ginkgo biloba's and its substitutes. According to the study results, restrictions on reimbursement scope resulted in savings of the drug expenditures in the targeted therapeutic class. Direct restriction on ginkgo biloba was associated with a decrease in expenditure level by 60.1% and changes in trend from an average increase rate of 1.4% to an average decrease rate of 1.5% for the therapeutic class, with a dramatic decrease in expenditure level(-191.5%) for ginkgo biloba itself, but with an increased expenditure level(+50.1%) and changes in trend from an average increase rate of 2.0% to an average decrease rate of 1.0% for the substitute group. Further policy to restrict nicergoline was associated with additional decrease in expenditure level for the therapeutic class. Additionally, we could identify the balloon effect - a new policy squeezing one part results in bulging out elsewhere. After the restriction of ginkgo biloba, the utilization of and expenditures on its substitutes increased significantly. In conclusion, we demonstrated that consecutively introduced policies effectively reduced overall expenditures on the therapeutic class of interest. Some ingredients played as a substitute while others did not. Further studies need to be conducted to identify which factors determine a substitute.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.138-143
• /
• 2017

To investigate the efficacy of extract of Ginkgo Biloba seeds in high fat diet (HFD) in mice, the Ginkgo Biloba seeds extract (GSE) was orally administered to mice with a HFD at 300 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Our results show that GSE significantly inhibited fat accumulation. Moreover, GSE markedly reduced the final body weight with a decrease in epididymal adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size compared with the untreated HFD-induced group. Additionally, GSE ameliorated serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The results show that Ginkgo Biloba seeds possesses hypocholesterolemic effect through down regulating lipid metabolism. Further studies are required in this area to strengthen the anti-obesity effects of GSE with active component, and it can be used a pro-drug instead of whole extract.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.359-366
• /
• 2001

In this study, wool, silk and cotton fabrics were dyed with natural dyes derived from Ginkgo biloba bark using various mordants, and their dyeabilities were discussed. Additionally the fastness to washing, perspiration, light, rubbing, and drycleaning were investigated. And the effects of bacteria reduction and UV-B protection rate were also checked. The optimum dyeing condition of the colorants extracted from the Ginkgo biloba bark was three repeated dyeing at$95^\circ{C}$ for 1 hr. by using post mordanting. Mordanting improved the fastness to washing, Perspiration and drycleaning, but the fastness to light and rubbing were not increased. The bacteria reduction rate of the wool fabric increased drastically by dyeing with extract of Ginkgo biloba bark and its effect maintained after repeated washing and drycleaning. UV-B protection rate of the natural fibers increased by dyeing with extract of Ginkgo biloba bark and the dyed wool fabric was the best of the three fabrics.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.1-1
• /
• 2001

In this study, wool, silk and cotton fabrics were dyed with natural dyes derived from Ginkgo biloba bark using various mordants, and their dyeabilities were discussed. Additionally the fastness to washing, perspiration, light, rubbing, and drycleaning were investigated. And the effects of bacteria reduction and UV-B protection rate were also checked. The optimum dyeing condition of the colorants extracted from the Ginkgo biloba bark was three repeated dyeing at 95℃ for 1 hr. by using post mordanting. Mordanting improved the fastness to washing, Perspiration and drycleaning, but the fastness to light and rubbing were not increased. The bacteria reduction rate of the wool fabric increased drastically by dyeing with extract of Ginkgo biloba bark and its effect maintained after repeated washing and drycleaning. UV-B protection rate of the natural fibers increased by dyeing with extract of Ginkgo biloba bark and the dyed wool fabric was the best of the three fabrics.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 2004

Oxidative stress is one of the major reasons for brain aging and neurodegeneration. Ethanol and acetaldehyde increase the levle of oxidative stress in brain tissue resulting in aging and neurodegeneration related alcoholic dementia. Ginkgo biloba extracts are used as therapeutic and preventive agent for dementia. Here, it was investigated whether Ginkgo biloba extract show the effectiveness against ethanol- and acetaldehyde-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Ethanol and acetaldehyde increased the level of oxidative stress by about 35% to 50% in rat brain tissue. However, Ginkgo biloba extracts reduced the level of ethanol- and acetaldehyde-induced oxidative stress. This result might reveal the link between the effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba extracts on oxidative stress and its effectiveness on alcoholic dementia.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.1198-1205
• /
• 2000

은행잎 엑스 3종류를 이용하여 활성산소와 염중관련 아라키돈산 유리의 억제능을 보았다. 은행잎 엑스, Ginkgolide A, Ginkgolide B의 3종류 모두 pyrogallol 자동산화에서는 항산화능을 발휘하지 못하였으나, DPPH법의 전자공여능에서는 환원력을 나타내었다. 10 ${\mu}M$ 과산화수소($IC_{50}=10\;{\mu}M$)로 U937의 지질과산화 유도 시 은행잎 엑스 3종류 모두 400 ${\mu}g/mL$이상에서는 보호하였으나, 은행잎 엑스가 가장 좋았다. 단백질 분해실험에서는 Ginkgolide A만이 효과가 좋아 50 ${\mu}g/mL$에서도 거의 억제하였다. TPA와 calcimycin을 U937에 첨가하여 염중 유도의 중요 물질인 아라키돈산 유리를 유도하였다. 이 아라키돈산 유리 유도 시 은행잎 엑스 3종류 모두 10 ${\mu}g/mL$에서도 뛰어난 억제능을 보였으며, 특히 Ginkgolide B는 유도 시에 비하여 11배 억제하였으며, 비유도시인 대조군보다도 약 4배의 억제능을 보였다. 따라서 은행잎 엑스가 항산화능에 의해 아라키돈산 유리를 억제하는 것이 아니라 아라키돈산 유리의 전 단계의 어느 부분을 강하게 억제하여 아라키돈산 유리가 저해되는 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한한의정보학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2008

Objectives: We investigated the physical effects of the cosmetics containing Ginkgo biloba. with meridian massage on human skin by using non-invasive instruments. Methods: We made cosmetics containing the extract of Ginkgo biloba. and measured physiological effects such as skin moisturization, blood flow, skin color, sebum secretion, skin evenness of volunteers applied the cosmetic products with meridian massage for 2 weeks. Results: Topical applications of w/o cream that 1 % Ginkgo biloba. was emulsified, showed significant improvement of blood flow, water contents and $L{\ast}$ value of the face skin. And the skin evenness, sebum contents and skin surface smoothness were improved after 2 weeks. Conclusions: The combination of cosmetics containing the extract of Ginkgo biloba. with meridian massage improved the physical properties of human skin during a treatment. Especially the meridian massage played a role of enhancing the effect of the cosmetics containing Ginkgo biloba.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.401-409
• /
• 1998

Group of 40 male and 40 female ICR mice was given daily per oral treatment with the combination of enalapril plus Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761), 3+9mg/kg/day(low dosage group), 10+30mg/kg/day (middle dosage group), 30+90mg/kg/day (high dosage group) for 3 months in drinking water according to Established Regulation of Korean National Institute of Safety Research (1994. 4.14). Appearance, behavior, mortality, and food consumption of mouse of treated groups were not affected during the experimental periods. No significant the combination of enalapril plus Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761)-related changes were found in urinalysis, hematology, serum chemistry, and organ weight, Lung edema were observed and the weight of lung were increased in low dosage treated group of the male mice, which be associated with enalapril treatment, but these changes were not found in middle and high dosage group. Our results suggest that to toxic changes were found in rat treated orally with the combination of enalapril plus Ginko biloba extract (EGb 761) for 3 months.