• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.570-577
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• 2013

To research the trends of study about gastrointestinal (GI) disease in Korean medicine, we reviewed and analysed articles published in Korea from 2009 to 2012. From ancient to modern history, traditional plant-based medicines have played an important role in health care, especially GI tract. In spite of the great advances of moderm scientific medicine, traditional medicine is still the primary form of healing methods readily available to the majority of the people in the many countries. In fact many of today's popular drugs have their origins in traditional medicine. Therefore, we suggest that the development and improvement of Korean medicine in GI tract will make good the quality of life in our lifetime.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2013

Objectives : Anorexia is the primary symptom impinging cancer patients' Quality of Life. It is usually accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms(GI symptoms). Thus, to measure anorexia symptom precisely, assessing anorexia and GI symptoms together is recommended. This study was designed to analyze cancer-related anorexia assessment tools, extract GI symptoms included in these tools and investigate usefulness of instruments in clinical trials. Methods : Instruments were selected by searching PubMed, PROQOLID database. We analyzed instruments by number of items, assessment method, type of question, GI symptoms. Results : 9 instruments were selected to assess cancer-related anorexia symptom. Most tools adopt Likert scale as response scale and 'during past week' as recall period. Assessment method of all 9 instruments is the self-administration. Questions measuring anorexia are able to be sorted into 3 forms (frequency, severeness, distress of anorexia symptom). Among the GI symptoms, nausea is included in all 9 instruments. In clinical trials of cancer-related anorexia, Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale(ESAS) and Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy Questionnaire(FAACT) were selected as endpoint measure. Conclusions : The result showed that FAACT is the only specialized tool to assess cancer-related anorexia. To measure cancer-related anorexia precisely, the need to develop new instrument exists.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.127-139
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• 2018

Objectives : The quotation of Seongyeong found in the chapter of danjeonyusam in Donguibogam uses a type of allocation of Gi(氣), Sin(神), and Jeong(精) each in Upper, Middle and Lower, three Danjeon, that is different from the type was widely accepted at the time. The paper attempts to interpret this in a new way. Methods : The paper collected the understanding of Jeong-Gi-Sin found in the Korean medicine based on Naedan Theory of Taoism, and tried to approach and structurally analyze the contents of Seongyeong, Ojinpyeonju, and Hwanggeuggyeongseseo found in Donguibogam's danjeonyusam. Results : The control of the body by Gi stored in Upper Danjeon is related to brain function, control of Gi at Lower Danjeon which preserves Jeong in Kidney is related to proliferation of Original Qi from kidney region throughout the body by triple energizers. Sin located at Middle Danjeon is contrasted with Jeong in Lower Danjeon, and Sin controls activity of life in the part between body and Gi. Conclusions : A new understanding on the assignment of Jeong-Gi-Sin in Seongyeong is possible, and it is expected to contribute to the future study of Korean Medicine and Taoism.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2004

Objectives : In order to make a new psychotherapeutic model in the theory of oriental medicine by means of psychoanalysis method. Methods : The research was done by comparing the contents of the Tong-Ui Po-Kam, techniques of Yang Saeng(養生術), with the psychoanalysis Results : 1. There's no difference in the mind state which a doctor has to have between the oriental doctor and the occidental doctor. You should make effort not to project yourself on a patient. A conception of 'doctor' in oriental medicine is one who trains one's mind rather than just healer. 2. Heart(心) in oriental medical conception is revealed by circulation structure of Jeong(精), Gi(氣), and Sin(神). A healthy mind comes from harmony and smooth transport of Jeong(精), Gi(氣), and Sin(神). 3. The conception similar to unconsciousness doesn't exist in oriental medicine, but the contents about the attitudes or the methods of training one’s mind correspond to unconsciousness. 4. The psychotherapy of oriental medicine emphasized mutual dynamics between emotions at present, and presented a way of treatment by describing emotions from standpoint of 'Gi(氣)'. 5. The special feature of psychological treatment in oriental medicine is that treatment is done by understanding emotions of present time as Gi (氣), and using dynamics of Gi (氣)(; 相生相剋). Also the balanced state can be kept even after treatment and prevention can be done by observing one's own unconsciousness(; training one's mind helps circulation of Jeong(精), Gi(氣), and Sin(神)) I think that we need a new realistic therapy model to develop these psychotherapy methods in oriental neuropsychiatry, through studying emotions in the theory of oriental medicine, especially Korean's emotions and spiritual training.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

Objectives : In order to make a new psychotherapeutic model in the theory of oriental medicine by means of psychoanalysis method. Methods : The research was done by comparing the contents of the Tong-Ui Po-Kam, techniques of Yang Saeng(養生術), with the psychoanalysis Results : 1. There's no difference in the mind state which a doctor has to have between the oriental doctor and the occidental doctor. You should make effort not to project yourself on a patient. A conception of 'doctor' in oriental medicine is one who trains one's mind rather than just healer. 2. Heart(心) in oriental medical conception is revealed by circulation structure of Jeong(精), Gi(氣), and Sin(神). A healthy mind comes from harmony and smooth transport of Jeong(精), Gi(氣), and Sin(神). 3. The conception similar to unconsciousness doesn't exist in oriental medicine, but the contents about the attitudes or the methods of training one's mind correspond to unconsciousness. 4. The psychotherapy of oriental medicine emphasized mutual dynamics between emotions at present, and presented a way of treatment by describing emotions from standpoint of 'Gi(氣)' 5. The special feature of psychological treatment in oriental medicine is that treatment is done by understanding emotions of present time as Gi(氣), and using dynamics of Gi(氣)(; 相生相剋). Also the balanced state can be kept even after treatment and prevention can be done by observing one‘s own unconsciousness(; training one's mind helps circulation of Jeong(精), Gi(氣), and Sin(神)) I think that we need a new realistic therapy model to develop these psychotherapy methods in oriental neuropsychiatry, through studying emotions in the theory of oriental medicine, especially Korean's emotions and spiritual training.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

In this study, we try to solve some issues of Gi(氣) conversion in "Somun(素問) Eumyang-eungsangdaeron(陰陽應象大論)", through comparison of related annotations. Through this analysis we can again review the cognition of movement and changes of Gi(氣), one of the most important aspects in Oriental medicine, so to have a chance to criticize a view of the world in western science, excessively leaned to material viewpoint. In the process of Gi conversion, the creation of Jeong(精), one of the most essential elements, is the last goal, but physical element for example Mi(味, taste) or Hyeong(形, shape) could not be directly converted to Jeong(精) without Gihwa(氣化, vaporization) and circulation of Gi(氣). And who controls conversion to Jeong(精) is human spirit, that joins with Jeonggi(精氣), it has been kept in and come from Jeong(精). That spirit based on Jeong manages the whole process of Gi conversion.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2016

This paper discusses the research of preventive medicine in terms of philosophy and history, publication and people, branch research, applied research, Gi-gong, conduction exercise and so on. Currently, fields of philosophy, history, physical education and Korean Medicine are actively participating in the research on preventive medicine. From the philosophical view, theoretical aspects of preventive medicine are closely examined. From the historical view, the historical context is of focus. From the physical education viewpoint, Gi-gong, gymnastics and physical education philosophy are studied. In the field of Korean medicine where practicality is most important, plans to apply preventive medicine to life are creating new possibilities for research on preventive medicine. In this time where social interest on health is at peak, combined research of basic theory and application will have positive effects on the development of preventive medicine.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.516-521
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• 2006

The following conclusions are drawn from Hyungsang medicinal review on th globs hystericus through Donguibogam and other literatures. The globs hystericus appears in the throat and the epigastric region. It is a subjective sensation as if a plum pit is stick in the throat and is compressed, usually ac companied by stuffiness in chest, depression, nausea, and hiccup. But the throat is not marked with redness and swelling. Because Gi stagnation due to seven emotions is the main cause, the globs hystericus is usually followed by Seven Gi injuries, Pain and depressive syndrome due to disorder of Gi, palpitation due to fright, continuous violent palpitation, Gi phlegm, precordial pain with palpitation, epigastric pain due to seven emotions, cough and dyspnea due to disorder of Gi, and six kinds of stagnations. When head and body or chest and abdomen is compared to heaven and earth, the blockage of Gi between heaven and earth is common to the persons with the following charcteristics in Hyungsang; Dam type rather than Bankwang type, Gi type and Shin type rather than deer type and fish type, Taeum and Yangmyeong meridian types out of six meridian types, manly women, womanly man, too long or short neck, and signs of stagnation between the eyebrows. The globus hystericus needs, distinguishing from aphonia, acute tonsilitis, goiter, and pectorial pain with stuffiness. The affected area of aphonia and acute tonsilitis is the throat but they are not cause by the disturbance of seven emotions. Goiter can be distinguished by the changes in the appearance of neck. Even though the symptoms are similar, globus hystericus is caused by the stagnation of Gi, but the pectorial pain with stuffiness, by the insufficiency of the Heart blood. The general prescriptions are Chilgitang, Sachiltang, Gamisachiltang, Gamiijintang, and Sinihwan.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2004

The theory of liver by Jang suk-sun[張錫純] is that first, although liver exists at right side of body and spleen at left anatomically, function of liver presents at left side of body and function of spleen at right based on principle of 'interdependence between eum and yang' and 'join strength with elasticity', and in the relation between liver and spleen, if gi of spleen ascends, gi of liver also ascends, and if gi of stomach descents, gi of gall bladder also descents. So. care of spleen and stomach becomes main point in treating disease of liver. The meaning of 'the liver being in charge of the evaporation'[肝主氣化] is that first, it raises the primordial gi and forms the 'great g' for it's circulation of whole body. Second., it excretes the functional activity of gi and connects heart with kidney and guides the evaporation of the whole body by connecting innate nature with acquired nature. Third, 'the liver being in charge of the evaporation' is realized by the help of spleen and stomach. And he said that this functional activity of gi is one of distinctive features that distinguish Oriental medicine from Western medicine. He discoursed upon physiology of 'the liver being in charge of the evaporation' and 'the Body belonged to yin and the Use belonged to yang' after seeing an evil of abusing drugs that calm the liver and check hyperfunction of liver by contemporary doctors. And he established a treat of 'warming and recuperating the gi of liver' [溫補肝氣法] and used it for symptoms of 'deficiency of liver-gi'[肝氣虛], 'exhaution of liver-gi'[肝氣脫], and 'the liver-cold'[肝寒證].

• Toxicological Research
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2013

In-utero exposure to valproic acid (VPA) has been known as a potent inducer of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), not only in humans, but also in animals. In addition to the defects in communication and social interaction as well as repetitive behaviors, ASD patients usually suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) problems. However, the exact mechanism underlying these disorders is not known. In this study, we examined the gross GI tract structure and GI motility in a VPA animal model of ASD. On embryonic day 12 (E12), 4 pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subcutaneously injected with VPA (400 mg/kg) in the treatment group, and with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) in the control group; the resulting male offspring were analyzed at 4 weeks of age. VPA exposure decreased the thickness of tunica mucosa and tunica muscularis in the stomach and ileum. Other regions such as duodenum, jejunum, and colon did not show a significant difference. In high-resolution microscopic observation, atrophy of the parietal and chief cells in the stomach and absorptive cells in the ileum was observed. In addition, decreased staining of the epithelial cells was observed in the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained ileum section. Furthermore, decreased motility in GI tract was also observed in rat offspring prenatally exposed to VPA. However, the mechanism underlying GI tract defects in VPA animal model as well as the association between abnormal GI structure and function with ASD is yet to be clearly understood. Nevertheless, the results from the present study suggest that this VPA ASD model undergoes abnormal changes in the GI structure and function, which in turn could provide beneficial clues pertaining to the pathophysiological relevance of GI complications and ASD phenotypes.