Jin, Ju Hyun;Yoon, Shin Won;Song, Jungeun;Kim, Seong Woo;Chung, Hee Jung
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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v.63
no.6
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pp.219-225
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2020
Background: There is increasing concern that moderate preterm (32-33 weeks' gestation) and late preterm (34-36 weeks' gestation) birth may be associated with minor neurodevelopmental problems affecting poor school performance. Purpose: We explored the cognitive function, cognitive visual function, executive function, and behavioral problems at school age in moderate to late preterm infants. Methods: Children aged 7-10 years who were born at 32+0 to 36+6 weeks of gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from August 2006 to July 2011 at the National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital were included. We excluded children with severe neurologic impairments, congenital malformations, or chromosomal abnormalities. Neuropsychological assessments consisted of 5 neuropsychological tests and 3 questionnaires. Results: A total of 37 children (mean age, 9.1±1.2 years) participated. The mean gestational age at birth was 34.6±7.5 weeks, while the mean birth weight was 2,229.2±472.8 g. The mean full-scale intelligence quotient was 92.89±11.90; 24.3% scored between 70 and 85 (borderline intelligence functioning). An abnormal score was noted for at least one of the variables on the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnostic system for 65% of the children. Scores below borderline function for executive quotient and memory quotient were 32.4% and 24.3%, respectively. Borderline or clinically relevant internalizing problems were noted in 13.5% on the Child Behavior Check List. There were no significant associations between perinatal factors or socioeconomic status and cognitive, visual perception, executive function, or behavior outcomes. Conclusion: Moderate to late preterm infants are at risk of developing borderline intelligence functioning and attention problems at early school age. Cognitive and executive functions that are important for academic performance must be carefully monitored and continuously followed up in moderate to late preterm infants.
Purpose: Candida infection has increased in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). However, recent reports on systemic candida infections in preterm newborns are rare in Korea. The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiological features of systemic candida infection in very low birth weight infants (VLBW) over the past five years. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 19 patients with systemic candida infections in VLBW that were admitted to the neonatal intensive care units of three hospitals affiliated with the College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea from January 2004 to December 2008. We analyzed the birth weight, gestational age, age at diagnosis, risk factors, co-morbidity, antifungal treatment, and mortality rates among the 19 patients. Results: Systemic candida infections occurred in 19 cases (4.7%) among the VLBW infants. The mean birth weight and gestational age were 959.0$\pm$255.9 g and 26.7$\pm$2.1 weeks. The isolated Candida species were C. albicans (4), C. parapsilosis (9), C. glabrata (2), C. famata (2), and unkown subspecies (2). Most patients had various associated risk factors, including a central venous catheter, broad spectrum antibiotics, parenteral nutrition, intravenous lipid emulsion, endotracheal intubation and $H_2$ blocker therapy. There was no significant difference in the risk factors between newborns that survived and those that died with regard to the systemic candida infection, except for gestational age. Nine (47.4%) out of 19 patients with a candida infection died and four cases (21.2%) were directly related to the candida infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of systemic candida infection is increasing in VLBW infants. The majority of Candida species has shifted to C. non-albicans, especially C. parapsilosis. Because of the high mortality associated with candida infection in the NICU, prophylaxis and early treatment based on epidemiological features is necessary.
The process of having baby including pregnancy, labor and birth; is considered as crises of life cycle. It is noted that most pregnat women experience fear and anxiety through the gestational period and this may effect to the health of the baby and the mother. Therefore, we, nurses must focuse on this fear and anxiety of pregnant women and make an effort to relieve their emotional discomfort. This study was conducted to determine the pregnant women's intensity of fear and anxiety during pregnancy thus to provide some information for maternal care in terms of antenatal care. The specific objectives of this study are : 1. to determine what are the most frequently experienced fear and anxiety and how frequently the pregnant women perceive them as a fearful and anxious experience. 2. to find out the relations between the intensity of fear and anxiety of pregnancy and the demographic characteristics of the subjected women During the period May 15,1980 to June 4,1980,212 pregnant were asked to question are by trained student mures who visited to 4 obstetric clinic for antenatal care in C-city. The questionare were designed and and scheduled by author which covers 38 items about fears and anxiety during pregnancy and each item was answered by 5 seales according to it's intensity. The result analysed as percentile , mean and S.D. statistically and obtained as rollows 1) The mean age was 27,4 years, the proportion of women completed high school are 45.3%, and 51.4% has no religion 2)68.6% seplied“positive”response about fears and anxiety during pregnancy. 3) Fear relevant to pain, particularly during labor noted most frequent rate. 4) Social factors may relate to the intensity of the fears or anxiety further more socioeconomic problem take important role and affects to the expectant women, 5) Primigravida noted more fears and anxiety about pregnancy compared to multigravida and more in-tensity during aerly half gestational period than late. Majority of pregnant women have experienced fear and anxiety attendant upon pregnancy and so nurse can help the patient to be able experience 1ha difficult adjustment to be course of pregnancy and be able to get good result both fetus and mother through antenatal care.
Park, Hye-Sook;Kim, Young-Ju;Ha, Eun-Hee;Lee, Bo-Eun;Park, Bo-Hyun;Lee, Hwa-Young;Park, Eun-Ae;Chang, Nam-Soo;Hong, Yun-Chul
Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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v.1
no.2
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pp.130-136
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2005
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the interactions between maternal folate deficiency and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism increase the risk of elevated maternal serum homocysteine, short gestation and reduced infant birthweight. Healthy pregnant (n = 170; 24-28 gestational weeks; 20-40 years old) women were analyzed for the MTHFR genotype and serum levels of folate and homocysteine, and were then followed for gestational age and infant birthweight. The mean infant birthweight was highest in mothers carrying MTHFR CC and with a normal folate range, and they were followed by mothers carrying MTHFR CT or TT and a normal range of folate or a folate deficiency. Birthweight was the lowest in mothers whose carrying MTHFR CC with folate deficiency. Using two way ANOVA, we found that folate level and the MTHFR polymorphism interacted to affect birth-weight of infants (p=0.05). Among those mothers carrying MTHFR CC, those with folate deficiency showed a 543 g reduction in infant birthweight compared with those with normal folate levels. However, infant birthweight was no different for mothers, those who with folate deficiency compared to those with normal range of folate among mothers carrying the MTHFR CT or TT genotypes. This study suggests an interaction between maternal serum folate and the MTHFR polymorphisms of the mother on the risk of delivering reduced birthweight offspring. Folate supplementation of folate deficient pregnant women with the MTHFR wild type is suggested to reduce the risk of low birthweight.
The purpose of this study was to present the reference value of the intracranial translucency(IT) of the fetus using the mid sagittal plane of the post brain in the early pregnancy ultrasound screening test and to find the clinical significance. From August 2018 to February 2020, the IT of 1529 singleton fetus whose crown lump length were 40.6 mm to 78.3 mm in length among the mothers undergoing regular checkups at Hospital I were measured and analyzed retrospectively. As the crown lump length increased, the IT showed a 54.3% explanatory power and tended to increase(p<0.001). In addition, through frequency analysis, the standard value for the percentile of the IT by gestational weeks was calculated. As a result, it was possible to establish a standard value for Koreans with an IT, and it will be usefully applied as an auxiliary screening test for spina bifida in the evaluation of fetal post brain in early pregnancy.
Purpose: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most serious complications of prematurity. Many risk factors can contribute to the development of NEC. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a major role in intestinal barrier function, increases intestinal enzyme activity, and improves nutrient transport. The aim of this study was to assess the role of epidermal growth factor in the development of NEC in preterm neonates. Methods: In this study, 130 preterm neonates were included and divided into 3 groups, as follows: group 1, 40 preterm neonates with NEC; group 2, 50 preterm neonates with sepsis; and group 3, 40 healthy preterm neonates as controls. The NEC group was then subdivided into medical and surgical NEC subgroups. The serum EGF level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum EGF levels (pg/dL) were significantly lower in the NEC group (median [interquartile range, IQR], 9.6 [2-14]) than in the sepsis (10.1 [8-14]) and control groups (11.2 [8-14], P<0.001), with no significant difference between the sepsis and control groups, and were positively correlated with gestational age (r=0.7, P<0.001). A binary logistic regression test revealed that low EGF levels and gestational ages could significantly predict the development of NEC. The receiver-operating characteristic curve for EGF showed an optimal cutoff value of 8 pg/mL, with 73.3% sensitivity, 98% specificity, and an area under the curve of 0.92. Conclusion: The patients with NEC in this study had significantly lower serum EGF levels (P<0.001), which indicated that EGF could be a reliable marker of NEC in preterm neonates.
Lee, Chaelin;Oh, Min-Jeong;Cho, Geum Joon;Byun, Dong Jun;Seo, Hong Seog;Choi, Man Ho
Mass Spectrometry Letters
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v.13
no.1
/
pp.11-19
/
2022
Although translational research is referred to clinical chemistry measures, correct weighting factors for linear and quadratic calibration curves with least-squares regression algorithm have not been carefully considered in bioanalytical assays yet. The objective of this study was to identify steroidogenic roles in preeclampsia and verify accuracy of quantitative results by comparing two different linear regression models with weighting factor of 1 and 1/x2. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based adrenal steroid assay was conducted to reveal metabolic signatures of preeclampsia in both serum and placenta samples obtained 15 preeclamptic patients and 17 age-matched control pregnant women (33.9 ± 4.2 vs. 32.8 ± 5.6 yr, respectively) at 34~36 gestational weeks. Percent biases in the unweighted model (wi = 1) were inversely proportional to concentrations (-739.4 ~ 852.9%) while those of weighted regression (wi = 1/x2) were < 18% for all variables. The optimized LC-MS combined with the weighted linear regression resulted in significantly increased maternal serum levels of pregnenolone, 21-deoxycortisol, and tetrahydrocortisone (P < 0.05 for all) in preeclampsia. Serum metabolic ratio of (tetrahydrocortisol + allo-tetrahydrocortisol) / tetrahydrocortisone indicating 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 was decreased (P < 0.005) in patients. In placenta, local concentrations of androstenedione were changed while its metabolic ratio to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone responsible for 17,20-lyase activity was significantly decreased in patients (P = 0.002). The current bioanalytical LC-MS assay with corrected weighting factor of 1/x2 may provide reliable and accurate quantitative outcomes, suggesting altered steroidogenesis in preeclampsia patients at late gestational weeks in the third trimester.
Purpose: This study was intended to investigate the types and seriousness of the couvade syndrome, pregnancy-related physical and psychological symptoms among expectant fathers whose spouses were pregnant. Method: The subject was consists of 100 expectant fathers at one hospital in Seoul, Korea. The pregnant women had not been diagnosed any medical complication. Data were analyzed by SPSS/PC program. Result: 1) The total mean score was 1.85: the mean score of perceived physical symptoms (1.87) revealed higher than the mean score of psychological symptoms (1.81). 2) With the respect to the general characteristics of subjects, there were statistically significant correlations between subject's level of education and couvade symptoms (r=-.209, p=.037), gestational age and couvade symptoms (r=-.227, p=.023), family total income and couvade symptoms (r=-.198, p=.048), perceived self health status and couvade symptoms (r=-.254, p=.011). 3) With the respect to the general characteristics of subjects, there were statistically significant differences in pregnant woman's age (t=1.363, p=.044),occupation of subject (F=3.594, p= .009), educational level of subject (t=3.506, p=.002), family total income (F=16.822, p= .000), perceived self health status (F=3.151, p=.047). Conclusion: Couvade syndrome is an issue for nurses who perform an important role in the care of pregnant women and their spouses.
We measured the blood flow velocity of the anterior cerebral artery via anterior fontanelle approach of fifty five preterm neonates with duplex Doppler sonography and analyzed the waveform and calculated pulsatility index, resistive index. Intracranial velocities and pulsatility indexes were increased with increasing gestational age, birth weight, and age of the neonate, but resistive indices decreased. In sick babies, characteristic resistive index increment were seen in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage, but no statistical difference was seen in patients with respiratory distress syndrome. Our results suggest that duplex Doppler sonography is a useful noninvasive means of monitoring cerebrohemodynamics in normal preterm neonates and flow change of sick babies.
Kim, Jung-Gu;Min, Eung-Gi;Moon, Shin-Yong;Lee, Jin-Yong;Chang, Yoon-Seok
Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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v.15
no.1
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pp.53-60
/
1988
The aim of this study was to examine the presence of ${\beta}$-endorphin in female reproductive organs. A total of 104 fresh tissue samples were obtained from normal ovary, tube, endometrium, placenta, amniotic membrane and umbilical cord, and immunostained by the method using biotin-streptoavidin amplified system. The results were as follows: 1. In reproductive age, corpus luteum only showed ${\beta}$-endorphin immunostained cells but no cells in ovaries during proliferative phase of menstrual cycle were stained. 2. Secretory endometrium revealed positive reactions in the cytoplasm of glandular epithelial cells and around the vessels, while proliferative endometrium negative reactions. 3. All the tissues of menopausal women were negative to ${\beta}$-endorphin antibody. 4. In the pregnant women, there are no ${\beta}$-endorphin containing cells in the placenta, amniotic membrane and umbilical cord regardless of gestational age.
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