• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2009

This study investigated the evaluation of maturity, stability, nutrient and heavy metal from rotating drum composter of food waste amended with poultry manure composting inoculated with effective microorganisms(EM). Composting were performed for the first, drying reactor($15m^3$) 3 hours and the second, composting reactor($30m^3$) 24 hours, and parameters monitored this period included moisture content, NaCl, pH, electrical conductivity(EC), C/N ratio, organic matter(OM), nutrient content and heavy metal. Changes in compost temperature during composting were maintained constantly in the range of $60{\sim}80^{\circ}C$ using firewood boiler(450 MJ/h). We examined physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in order to assess their effectiveness as stability and maturity, nutrient and harmful indicators such as seed germination rate<60%, potassium 1>%, dm and NaCl>1%, dm at the end of the final compost. The finished compost obtained after decomposition phase at the end of the 2nd composter could not be utilized for land improvement or reclamation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.682-688
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• 2020

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a dioecious plant, although monoecious plants are bred in some cultivars for fiber or seed production. Recently, hemp has received attention for medicinal use with some cannabinoids, including cannabidiol. Self-fertilization for breeding inbred lines is difficult because of dioeciousness and anemophily in hemp. This experiment was conducted to develop a self-fertilization method by forming female flowers and seeds from male plants of dioecious hemp. To induce the formation of female flowers on male plants, 500 mg L^-1 of ethephon was sprayed on plants at soon, seven and fourteen days after primordia formation. The plant ratio of female flowers formation and the number of harvested seeds were increased by ethephon treatment. Female flowers of male plants have 5 stigmas in contrast to the dual stigma of female 1plants. Male plant seeds were lighter and smaller than those from female plants. Although the germination rate was lower than that of normal seeds from female plants, the seeds from male plants germinated to grow seedlings. Thus, we suggest that hemp plants should be treated with ethephon at soon after primordia formation to induce the formation of more female flowers on the male plants.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify the optimal conditions for seedling growth in Veronica rotunda var. subintegra (Nakai) T.Yamaz. which a endemic plant and can be development as ornamental plants. We sowed V. rotunda var. subintegra (Nakai) T.Yamaz. seeds, and exposed the seedling was different treatment conditions. We varied soil type and fertilizer concentration, shading ratio, additional fertilizer concentration, pretreatment light exposure and collection time of seeds. We found that seedling growth was good in horticultural substrate (with no additional fertilizer), but mixed soils supplemented with fertilizer inhibited growth, regardless of the fertilizer concentration. In the 55% shading treatment, seedling growth was greater than in the non-shading treatment. High concentration addition of fertilizer (Hyponex) promoted plant growth, in terms of both plant length and fresh weight. Exposure of seeds to a red light-source prior to germination had a greater effect on seedling growth than exposure to other light sources. Seedlings exhibited better growth when grown from seed collected in 2018, rather than 2017.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1997

Dynamic parameters of biochemistry including the POD (peroxidase) activity, contents of DNA and RNA, isozymes of POD and ES (esterase) in American send (Panax quinquefolium L.) seed are reported in the present paper. The dynamic changes of POD activity proved that the PAS (physiological afterripening stage) is a stage in which some substances are prepared for seed germination. The POD activity correlated with ER (embryo ratio) significantly DNA content changed little only within 0.0036∼0.013 mg/ml, which did not correlate with ER. RNA content changed from 0.1539 to 1.0313 mg/ml and correlated significantly with RE during all of the embryo afterripening. None of the POD isozyme band was obtained in ESGS (embryo slowly growth stage), but five bands in ERGS (embryo rapidly growth stage) and six bands in PAS. Four bands of ES isozymes were obtained in ESGS, but six bands in ERGS, particularly, the content of ES isozymes increased in PAS. All of these may provide some information for understanding the dormancy mechanisms of American song seed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.101-105
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• 1998

This study was carried out to find out the method of increasing seed germination rate of Dendropanax morbifera LEV. was drupaceous fruit. The length and width of ovarywas 7.8 to 10.7mm, 6.9 to 9.0mm, respectively, and the shape was elliptical. The ovary had 5 loculi with one speed per loculus , but one seed among 5 weeds was exalbuminous seed. The length and width of seed was 6.3 to 7.4mm, 2.0 to2.mm, respectively, and 1,000 seed weight was 14.3 to 18.0g. Seeding after stroring at $10^{\circ}C$ for 60 to 90 days was germinated to 87% . However, fall seeding directly after harvest was increased to 85% at hot-water treatement ($40^{\circ}C$) for 90 to 120 minute.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.183-187
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• 1998

Chlorophyll mutants were produced by treating the rhizome of Cymbidium kanran with mutagen, EMS(ethyl methan sulfonate). The germination ratio of Cymbidium kanran seeds was 5.5 times higher when the seeds were treated with ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes than untreated control. Fifty to sixty percent of the rhizomes became dark brown when they were cultured in a liquid growth medium containing 0.2% EMS for three weeks. When the dark-brown rhizomes were cultured in a solified MS medium, new rhizomes were developed from a part of the old ones. Chlorophyll mutant rhizomes were obtained from a meristem tissue by a subculturing the cuts of these new rhizomes for a year. Of the chlorophyll mutants, a zigzag-striped type of rhizome was dominant and light-yellow and albino ones were also produced. While the zigzag-striped type rhizomes were differentiated into green and striped plant, the light yellow and the white rhizomes produced yellow-striped and albino plants repectively.These results indicate that the EMS treatment on the rhizome is an effective means to induce a chlorophyll mutant. We believe that this method may be useful to produce variegated plants chlorophyll mutants from other orchids.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.211-214
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of using a pollen suspension for artificial pollination on the labor costs, fruit set, and fruit quality attributes of 'Fuji' apples. The pollen germination rate was 20% in a 20% fructose solution after 6 hours, and the pollen remained stable for 6 hours in the same solution. The king fruit per flower cluster exhibited a normal fruit set, regardless of the treatment. Plus, none of the artificial pollination applications affected the fruit length/diameter ratio, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration, or titratable acidity in the harvested 'Fuji' apple fruits. However, the labor savings were significantly higher with the pollen suspension treatment when compared with the cotton swab or love-touch. Therefore, the labor cost was four-fold less in use of pollen suspension than in use of cotton swab for artificial pollination.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.44-44
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• 2019

This study aimed to develop a suitable method for inducing the proliferation of prothallus and producing sporophytes of rock polypody (Polypodium vulgare L.). The prothalli used in all experiments were obtained from spore germination and sub-cultured for 8-week intervals. The most appropriate media for prothallus propagation were investigated by culturing 300 mg of prothallus in MS ($1/4{\times}$, $1/2{\times}$, $1{\times}$, and $2{\times}$ strength) medium and in Knop medium for 8 weeks. Cultures were maintained at a temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, light intensity of $30{\pm}1.0{\mu}mol-m-2{\cdot}s-1$, and a photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark). Fresh weight of prothalli was 4.8 g on $1{\times}$ MS, 4.5 g on $1/2{\times}$ MS and 4.3 g on 1/4 MS medium. To select a suitable soil combination for sporophyte formation, 1.0 g of prothallus was ground with distilled water, spread in five combinations onto different soil substrates (decomposed granite, horticultural substrates, peat moss, and perlite), and then cultivated for 13 weeks. The sporophyte cultures were maintained at a temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, light intensity of $43{\pm}2.0{\mu}mol-m-2{\cdot}s-1$, humidity of $84{\pm}1.4%$, and a photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark). The results showed that a mixture containing a 2:1 (v:v) ratio of horticultural substrate and perlite, increased sporophyte formation to 462.5 sporophytes per pot (7.5 cm2). The other soil substrates produced from 314.5 to 405.3 sporophytes per pot. Therefore, our results will provide conditions suitable for mass production of Polypodium vulgare L.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.146-154
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• 2022

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth characteristics and productivity of silage corn varieties developed in Korea. Corn cultivation was carried out using the experimental field in the Pyeongchang campus of Seoul National University (550 m above sea level). There have 10 domestic cultivars (Gwangpyeongok, Dacheongok, Yanganok, Jangdaok, Cheongdaok, Daanok, Sinhwangok, Sinhwangok II, Pyeonggangok, and Hwangdaok) with one imported cultivar (P1543) which tested as a control, and randomized block design with three replications. Among the 100-grains weight of the seeds, Dacheongok was the heaviest, and the germination rate for each variety was 74.6% on average, while that of Daanok and Sinhwangok were over 90%. Sinhwangok was the fastest in tasseling and silking date. The number of days required to be silking date was as slow as 85 days in Dacheongok, Cheongdaok and Pyeonggangok, and as fast as 80 days or less in Sinhwangok, Sinhwangok II and Hwangdaok. The plant height of P1543 was the highest as 344cm, and Hwangdaok and Daanok were short. In terms of the ratio of ears, Daanok had the highest rate of 60.18%, and Jangdaok and Dacheongok had the lowest. There was no significant difference in dry matter content in stover, but P1543 was generally higher in ear and total dry matter content. The dry matter yield was highest in P1543, and the yield of TDN was significantly higher in P1543 and Yanganok. There was a significant difference in the crude protein content of ears and the dry digestibility of stems (p<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the content of each part or element. Combining the above results, Yanganok was the highest in terms of yield, and Dacheongok, Sinhwangok and Pyeonggangok were also recommended for domestically grown corn varieties in the mountainous regions of Gangwon-do.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.226-234
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• 2022

The study aims are to examine the characteristics of artificial and natural hybrids between Viola albida var. albida (= albida, from below) and V. albida var. chaerophylloides (= chaerophylloides, from below), and to confirm if hybrids could be fertile and make populations in their native habitats. The 1st filial (= F₁, from below) leaf shape produced by artificial crossing between albida and chaerophylloides was the same as that of V. albida var. takahashii (= takahashii, from below), and F₁ bore also both chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers. F₁ seed number was 9.6 per cleistogamous pods, which was remarkably less than the average of 38.2 for albida and chaerophylloides, but the germination rate was all similar. The leaf type of self-crossed 2nd offsprings (= F₂, from below) showed all leaf types found in the Viola albida complex, but the ratio of chaerophylloides leaf type was relatively low. Individuals whose F₂ leaf type was restored to albida produced an average of 31.4 seeds per capsule, meaning that fertility was restored. On the other hand, individuals of F₂ takahashii leaf type come to fruition a low average of 10.4 seeds per capsule, which is similar to that of takahashii. The results of crossbreeding experiment, where is their native habitats, were similar to that of laboratory. Both albida and chaerophylloids in Mt. Bulmyeong distribute extensively, but takahashii make a small population only in places where albida and chaerophylloides grow together. Summarizing the above results is suggesting that the speciation of takahashii was done by hybrid between albida and chaerophylloides, and these have been maintained with relatively small population by cleistogamous capsules.