• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.482-488
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• 1996

The experiment was carried out to the find variation of the sugar contents in the tip and basal part of the cotyledon and remaining portion of embryos in Phaseolus vulgahs seeds during germination with HPLC analysis method. Water content in cotyledon of kidney bean seed was about 6.4~6.5 of fresh weight and incresed to 45.8~71.2% during germination showing that tip part of cotyledon has more water content by 1.1~3.8% compared to the lower part of it. Higher water onten was observed in the rest parts of the seed except cotyledon such as plumule, radicle and hypocotyl showing that it increased to 72.2~93.3% depending on the different tissue organs. Main important sugars in kidney seeds during germination stages are; raffinose, sucrose, glucose and fructose, and the amount are differed with the kinds of embryo in kidney bean seed organs and stages of germination. Raffinose amount in kidney bean is increasing repeatly when seeds become wet but disappear it soon after seed have germinated especially in growing embryo parts. Raffinose in basal parts of cotyledons were still presented some an amount after germination. Sucrose is synthesized highly in plumule embryo at the beginning stage of germination but disappeared it from 5 days after seeding stages. Amount of sucrose in cotyledon of kidney seeds and seedlings increased continuously after germination. The amount of glucose and fructose in the cotyledons of kidney seeds during germination varied 5~10% or 5~15% but in the germinating and growing organs, plumule, they increased continuously after germination.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

Salicornia europaea (glasswort) is succulent, annual, halophytic plant mainly distributed throughout reclaimed land or salt marsh. It has strong tolerance to salt so that it plays the part of the pioneer species in the first succession. According to domestic and foreign studies, S. europaea contains plenty of minerals and antioxidant in the body. Since people take note of an availableness of this plant as health diet, the natural growth sites are threatened. In addition to development of salt marsh and sea shore, imprudent harvest has a bad effect to S. europaea population maintenance. To seek ways to preserve the population of this plant, we carried out the continuity of seed germination and restoration test. Seokmo Island, Daebu Island, Youngjong Island and Sudokwon landfill in Korea are selected sites for research. Result of germination continuity shows that most S. europaea seeds germinate on March but no more after July. However the germination was occurred after that time in the greenhouse. So we concluded that no germination after July is a matter of environmental condition not the number of remaining seeds. Also germination was seldom occurred in the spot where seeds production was not happened. In result of continuity test of seed germination by soil depth, germination was occurred vigorously only in top soil. From these results, we note that most S. europaea germinate in the early spring, and germination is finished by July. And this rapid germination speed makes the number of seeds in soil seed bank rare. If a large number of S. europaea in some area are harvested after July, the number of this species will dramatically decrease in that area the following year. In Seokmo Island, we carried out reintroduction experiment by sowing S. europaea seeds. On the first year, a small number of S. europaea settled and they produced seeds successfully. On April 2010, the second year, we observed many S. europaea in seed sowing sites. And we found out that plowing is more efficient than treatment sea water for settlement of S. europaea.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.310-313
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• 1997

The seedling of barley and weed would be generally inhibited by rice straw residues in the field. This experiment was carried out to investigate the allelopathic effects of rice straw and environmental conditions of germination such as osmotic potential, pH on the seedling of barley and water foxtail. The pH did not affect the germination of barley and water foxtail. Osmotic potential to -2.9bar, -0.6bar did not affect the germination of barley and water foxtail, respectively. Rice straw mixed with soil at the concentration of 4%(w/w) reduced the dry weight of shoot and root, and volume of barley root, as compared to the untreated control. Dry weight of water foxtail by rice straw mulching was decreased by 87.1%, 86.2%, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 1985

Distributions of seed weight were investigated with different seed sized peanut varieties planted at the same time, and germination and field emergence percentage, growth, and seed yield were compared among three seed sizes of four peanut genotypes. Field performance also was carried out to evaluate the effects of cotyledon removal on growth and yields in field with large and small seed-sized peanut varieties. The variation of seed weight of large seed-sized was wider than small seed-sized peanut variety. The larger seed showed the higher percent germination after 3 days cold treatment in laboratary and field emergence. The growth was not different with their sizes, while seed yield was related to seed size in small seed-sized genotypes. The growth of peanut such as main stem, internodes, and total branches was affected significantly by cotyledon removal, although the differences were not obvious after podding time, and in small seed-sized variety Oltangkong, the yields was decreased by cotyledon removal but not in large seed-sized variety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.123-132
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• 2006

This research was studied to inverstigate the effect of plant mixtures and tackifibers on the vegetation of slope sites. 5 type plant mixtures(tree type, forest type, native herbaceous plant type, foreign herbaceous plant type, and cool-season turfgrass type) and 3 different tackifibers (Guar tackifibers, Polyarchrylamide tackifibers and Cellulose methyl starch) were treated with 3 replications on the experimented slope. The germination and coverage rate were high on native and foreign herbaceous plants and low on cool-season turfgrass, forest and tree types. We could notice that herbaceous plant types were effective on the vegetation of slope in the short term. Because tree or forest type vegetations similar to natural plant habitat, however, were preferable on slope vegetation in the long term, tree species of high germination rate should be selected in this experiment for tree or forest type slope vegetations. Tackifiber treatments increased the germination rate during the early treatment stage. However, the effect of tackifiber treatment on germination rate was decreased on the elapse of time. Guar tackifiber treatment was most effective on the vegetation of slope. As far as soil erosion control was concerned, all tackifiber treatments were effective compared to control.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.168-174
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• 1994

The experiments were performed to examine the effects of simulated acid rain (pH 1.0${\sim}$5.0) prepared by mixing sulfuric acid and nitric acid at the ratio of 3 : 1 on germination and growth of seedlings of some floricultural crops. Days to germination showed a one to three days' interval among crops, but pH level did not show any effect on germination for each crop. All seeds used in this experiment did not germinate at pH 1.0. At pH 2.0, the flowering cabbage and geranium still did not germinate, and even though the radicles of seeds were germinated, root hairs did not develop. The length of hypocotyls and radicles appeared to be significantly different according to the pH levels.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.265-273
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• 1995

Seeds of chicory were collected and selected with good germination, emergence and productivity. To develop chicory as a new forage crop seeds were primed with polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and coated with some chemicals, and tested in laboratory and field. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Among the seed lines collected, PUlgAH, PU21TH, PU37CH and PU30TK were germinated more quickly and took less time for germination than the others. 2. PUI8AH was the best in emergence and growth although PU21TH showed superior germinative ability among the lines collected. 3. Chicory seeds primed with 20~25% PEG solution for three days at $10^{\circ}C$, or the seeds treated with 25% PEG solution at $15^{\circ}C$ regardless the treatment period showed good germination performances. 4. Osmotic priming with PEG accelerated the germination of chicory, but not in the field. 5. Coated seeds geminated more slowly in Petridishes but showed superior emergence and growth to those of primed or untreated seeds. Treatment 3 showed the best performances in pot experiment. 6. Coated seeds showed remarkable increase in establishment and dry matter yield especially in sod sowing compared to the other sowing method. 7. Most nutrient contents except iron and manganese of chicory were much higher than those of mixed pasture .

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.62-72
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• 1997

This study was conducted to find out the hydroseeding timing of several herbaceous plants for the slope revegetation works. Four native plants and five introduced grasses were used for this experiment and were seeded on the cut slopes by hands in April, May, June, September and October. To identify the best seeding timing, germination percentage, ground covering rate, number of tillers and plant heights were investigated. There were wide differences in germination and ground covering rates of native plants are lower than those of cool-season foreign grasses and they show different germination rates according to seeding timing. Among them, Arundinella hirta var. ciliata shows the most apparent germinatin pattern according to seeding timing. 2. Seeding timing : Native plants tend to germinate well in May and June and cool-season foreign grasses in May and September. But Native plants show extremely low germination rates in autumn, so it is necessary to adjust the seeding rates when seeding in autumn. When seeding in May, it will be possible to use native plants-seed-mixture without using introduced foreign grasses. In sum, the best seeding timing of cool-season foreign grasses are May and September, and warm-season foreign grass is May and June. The best seeding timing of native plants seem to be in May and June.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.132-135
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• 2005

The water absorption ratio was not affected by the planting dates. Hannamkong showed higher water absorption ratio than any sprout -soybean varieties. Soybean seeds produced from later planting showed higher germination percentage than those planted May 25. Pungsannamulkong, Eunhakong, Doremikong, and Someongkong showed over $90\%$ germination after two days, while Tawonkong and Hannamkong were lower, The germination ratio test of the soybean seeds at $25^{\circ}C$ is usually for 7 days. But, germination ratio test of seeds used for sprout-soybean is suitable for 3 days at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2018

This study was carried out to develop the seed propagation method of Dicenta spectabilis (L.) Lem. which is an ornamental plant native to Korea. In the previous studies, it was found that the seeds of D. spectabilis were morphophysiologically dormant (MPD), and high and low temperature of stratification were continuously required for the embryo growth and germination of the seeds. Especially, it was most effective to store for 1 month at $20^{\circ}C$ and then to transfer to $4^{\circ}C$. The treatment of $GA_3$ was carried out to promote embryo development and germination. The seeds were submerged in 100, 200 or $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$ for 72 hours and then stored at various conditions as follow. The temperature conditions disposed of this experiment were 1 month at 10, 15, 20, and $25^{\circ}C$ or 2, 4, 8, and 12 months at $4^{\circ}C$, respectively. As a result, the length of embryo and germination rate of the seeds were the best when stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 8 months after $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$ treatment. Besides, when the seeds stored at $4^{\circ}C$, significant differences in embryo length and germination rate were shown with $GA_3$ concentration and storage period. It was also proved that high-concentration of $GA_3$ could replace the high temperature and could promote germination. Consequentially, the D. spectabilis seeds were classified into intermediate simple levels among MPD types.