• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.441-442
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• 2010

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.272-277
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• 2015

Two newly recorded alien plants Geranium dissectum L. (Geraniaceae) and Dianthus armeria L. (Caryophyllaceae) have been found in Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do and in Hapcheon-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, of South Korea, respectively. Geranium dissectum can be easily distinguished from other related Korean taxa by fruit with glandular hairs and distinctly reticulated seeds. Dianthus armeria can also be distinguished from other related Korean taxa by its cyme and pubescent calyx. We provide descriptions of the morphological characters, illustrations, photographs and a key to allied taxa.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.1001-1009
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• 2002

Vegetative characters (e.g. habitat, root, ramification and habit of stem, phyllotaxy, leaf sape, shape of leaf margin, shape of division and lobe of division, number of division, thick and texture of leaf and shape of stipule) on 35 species of Asian Geranium were reviewed to discussion propriety of taxonomic character and evolutionary trends. Wilfordii group is characterized by three divided leaf, Farreri group was grown a high altitude, and Maculatum group is grouped by life cycle of anneal. Arrangement state of leaf is alternate type G, tripartitum, G. eriostemon, and G. erianthum is thought the more primitive than the other taxon, and regarded as more advanced group the sibiricum group and pseudosibiricum group which divided of leaf deeply. Shape of leaf, division degree of lobes, shape of leaf margin and number of division are considered a good identification characters because width of change are fixed between population.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-25
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• 1957

The herb of Geranium sibirium L, a drug knwon as "Chui Sonni Poul" distributed widely, has been used as a folk-medicine for the treatment of diarrhea. The dried entire herb is boiled with methanol and methanol is distilled of from the filtered methanol extract under reduced pressure. Then the extract is boiled with water and filtered off. From the filtrate, the following substances are isolated and identified by treating with organic solvents as ether, ethyl acetate, and etc.: 1. Gallic acid: a colorless needle crystal which is soluble in alcohol and water. mp.235.deg. C, positive (dark blue) against the ferric chloride reagent. 0.76 percent of gallic acid is yielded from the herb. 2. Quercetin: a light yellow crystal. mp.194.deg. C. negative against the ferric chloride reagent. 3. Ellagic acid: a light yellow crystal which is insoluble in ehter and acetone and slightly soluble in alcohol. Positive (blue) against the ferric chloride reagent. The crystal obtained by recrystalisation from pyridine, does not melt by 360.deg. C. Represent a yield of 0.03 percent from the herb. 4. Crude tannin: a approximately 7.6 percent of crude tannin is yielded by treating with ethyl acetate. gallic acid and querceetin are yielded by hydrosis with dliute sulfuric acid. Based on the above results, the following suggestion could be recommendable; Geraed in the Japanese Pharmacoeia VI.acoeia VI.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.618-621
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• 2016

Geranium thunbergii is a perennial plant commonly used as an oriental medicine for prevention of diarrhea, constipation, and gastrointestinal disorders. However, its anti-inflammatory effect has not been evaluated thus far. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of G. thunbergii. In this study, G. thunbergii extracted with methanol; this methanol extract was further partitioned using various solvents, and G. thunbergii ethyl acetate fraction (GTEF) was obtained. To determine the anti-inflammatory activity of G. thunbergii, the effects of GTEF on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated. GTEF suppressed NO production in a dose-dependent manner without any toxic effects. In addition, western blotting was performed to examine the effect of GTEF on expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. These results suggest that GTEF as a phytoextract may be useful for the prevention or treatment of inflammation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.174-183
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• 2023

Various skin diseases are occurring due to external factors such as urbanization and increase in environmental pollution and wearing masks due to COVID-19. Accordingly, various functional cosmetics are being released, but as some side effects are reported, research on functional cosmetics materials using natural plants is necessary. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of Phyllanthus emblica, Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens), and Commiphora myrrha mixed extracts (PGC) that pharmacological efficacy has been verified were analyzed and their potential as functional cosmetics raw materials was examined. Four extracts (PGC-1~4) were prepared according to the extraction method. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity experiments were conducted for the antioxidant efficacy of the extracts. In addition, paper disc experiments and LPS inflammation-inducing cytokine experiments were conducted to examine the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, a cell viability test was performed to confirm cytotoxicity. As results of the study, all extracts showed antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects without cytotoxicity, and in particular, PGC-4, a fermentation and ultrasonic extract, showed the best efficacy. This means that the extraction yield of useful components varies depending on the extraction method.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.139-142
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• 2006

This study was conducted to develop antibacterial hand towel and dishcloth against food poisoning bacteria, and to examine the dyeability and the antibacterial activity of cotton fabrics against food poisoning bacteria, which was dyed with 1 % extracts of Geranium nepalense at $50\;to\;60^{\circ}C$ minutes. Surface colors of cotton fabrics treated nothing, alum $[AIK(SO_4)_2{\cdot}nH_2O]$, and calcium hydroxide $[Ca(OH)_2]$ with mordants showed grayed-yellow group, that treated copper sulfate $(CUSO_4)$ with mordant was grey-brown group, and that treated sulfate of iron $(FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O)$ made grayed-green group. Hue value of cotton fabrics dyed with the extracts of Geranium nepalense and dried until twenty times was an order of descent Y, that dried thirty to forty an order of descent YR. Cotton fabrics dyed with the extracts of Geranium nepalense had the antibacterial activity against food poisoning bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coil and Salmonella typhimurium by over 99.99%. And that dried over thirty times showed the antibacterial activities against food poisoning bacteria by 52.91%.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of extracts from Geranium thunbergii (GT) in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups [normal diet, high fat diet, MeOH extract of GT (GTM), and BuOH fraction of GT (GTB)] and GT samples were treated with dose of 100 mg/kg for 8 weeks. It was observed that GTB-treated group significantly reduced body weight gain, food intake, epididymal fat weight, and triglyceride level in serum and liver compared to control group. The rats fed GTB also decreased contents of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), hydroxyl radical, and xanthin oxidase (XO) increased by high fat diet. Furthermore, the anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase were increased by GTB treatment. The experimental results indicate that GTB has anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic effects, as well as radical scavenging activity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.222-230
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• 2012

We evaluated the inhibitory effects of extracts and components of Geranium thunbergii on aldose reductase (AR) and galactitol formation in rat lenses with high levels of galactose as a part of our ongoing search of natural sources for therapeutic and preventive agents for diabetic complications. The inhibitory effects of water, methanol and ethanol extracts of G. thunbergii on rat lens AR (RLAR) were determined. Comparing inhibitory effects of various solvent extracts, ethanol extract showed RLAR inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}$ values, 5.24 and $6.39{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively). The ethanol extract was fractionated to chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. Of these, the ethyl acetate fraction from ethanol extract of G. thunbergii exhibited RLAR inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}$ value, $2.64{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). In order to identify the bioactive components of ethyl acetate soluble fraction of ethanol extract from G. thunbergii, eight compounds, namely gallic acid (1), protocatechuic acid (2), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (3), brevifolin carboxylic acid (4), geraniin (5), ellagic acid (6), kaempferol-3-O-arabinofuranosyl-7-O-rhamnopyranoside (7), kaempferitrin (8) were isolated. The isolates were subjected to in vitro bioassays to evaluate their inhibitory activity on RLAR and galactitol formation in rat lenses. The ellagic tannins (5, 6) and flavonoid (7) exhibited strong inhibitory effects on RLAR. Also, these three compounds (5, 6 and 7) suppressed galactitol accumulation in rat lens under high galactose conditions, demonstrating the potential to prevent galactitol accumulation exo vivo. These results suggest that the extracts and components of G. thunbergii are a promising agent in the prevention or treatment of diabetic complications.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to develop a UPLC method for simultaneous analysis of 8 phenolic compounds including gallic aicd (1), protocatechuic acid (2), methyl gallate (3), ellagic acid (4), kaempferol-3-arabinofranosyl-7-rhamnoside (5), kaempferitrin (6), afzelin (7) and kaempferol-7-rhamnoside (8) isolated from Geranium thunbergii which has been traditionally used as anti-diarrheal agent. The UPLC method was optimized and validated using Halo C18 column ($4.6{\times}100mm$, $2.7{\mu}m$) consisting of MeOH and 0.1% formic acid at 260 nm in 25 minutes. In quantitative analysis of 8 compounds in MeOH extract of G. thunbergii, contents of 4-6 were 12.39, 20.52 and 21.45 mg/g, respectively. These compounds were measured as major phenolic compounds in G. thunbergii and can be useful as marker compounds for its quality control. These results suggest that the UPLC method can be contributed as basic data for quality evaluation of herbal preparations.