• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2020

In this work, ²²²Rn activity, major dissolved ions, and microbial community in ground- and surface waters were investigated to characterize groundwater inflow to the stream located in an urban area, Daejeon, Korea. The measured ²²²Rn activities in groundwater and stream water ranged from 136 to 231 Bq L^-1 and 0.3 to 48.8 Bq L^-1, respectively. The spatial distributions of ²²²Rn activity in the stream strongly suggested groundwater inflow to the stream. The change of geochemical composition of the stream water indicated the effect of groundwater discharge became more pronounced as the stream flows downstream. Furthermore, microbial community composition of the stream water had good similarity to that of groundwater, which is another evidence of groundwater discharge. Although groundwater inflow could not be estimated quantitatively in this study, the results can provide useful information to understand interactions between groundwater and surface water, and determine hydrological processes governing groundwater recharge and hydrogeological cycles of dissolved substances such as nutrients and trace metals.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.867-875
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• 2016

Archaea substantially contribute to global geochemical cycling and energy cycling and are impacted by land-use change. However, the response of archaeal communities to a change from upland field to paddy field has been poorly characterized. Here, soil samples were collected at two depths (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) from one upland field and six paddy fields that were established on former upland fields at different times (1, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 years before the study). Barcoded pyrosequencing was employed to assess the archaeal communities from the samples at taxonomic resolutions from phylum to genus levels. The total archaeal operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness showed a significant positive correlation with the land-use change duration. Two phyla, Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota, were recorded throughout the study. Both the relative abundance and OTU richness of Euryarchaeota increased at both depths but increased more steadily at the subsurface rather than at the surface. However, these data of Crenarchaeota were the opposite. Additionally, the archaeal composition exhibited a significant relationship with C/N ratios, total phosphorus, soil pH, Olsen phosphorus, and the land-use change duration at several taxonomic resolutions. Our results emphasize that after a change from upland fields to paddy fields, the archaeal diversity and composition changed, and the duration is an important factor in addition to the soil chemical properties.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.213-236
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• 2001

토양용액의 이온조성은 작물의 양분흡수와 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있으며 양분의 이온조성을 추정하기 위하여 많은 모델이 개발되어 사용되고 있다. 토양용액 중 분석되는 양분의 몰농도는 insoluble 이온쌍과 평형을 이루고 있는 soluble 이온과 이온쌍 그리고 complex등의 농도로 간주하고, 양이온과 음이온을 동시에 고려한 양분의 이온조성을 추정하기 위하여 분석된 양분의 몰농도에 따른 선정된 평형식의 평형상수에 대한 conditional equilibrium constant를 구하여 모든 평형식이 만족되는 이온과 이온쌍의 몰농도를 구하는 모델을 설정하였다. 본 모델 이용시 기본적으로 필요한 성분은 pH, Eh, EC, 양이온 8종(K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Al, $NH_4{^+}$, 음이온 6종(Si, 5, p Cl, $NO_3{^-}$, $HCO_3{^-}$)이며 다른 성분도 추가할 수 있도록 하였다. 토양과 토양용액이 평형조건인 경우 추정된 이온과 이온쌍의 조성과 이에 따른 존재 가능한 침전량과 mineral 종류별 함량을 계산하였다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.139-155
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• 1993

We have shown that the volcanic rocks from the northern part of Cheju Island can be divided into high $P_2O_5/K_2O$(HPK) and low $P_3O_5/K_2O$(LPK) groups, each with distinct geochemical characteristics(Park and Kwon, 1993a and b). This study reports mineral compositions for plagioc-lase, olivine, and clinopyroxene in order to see the dependence of mineral chemistry on the whole rock composition, and discusses equilibrium relationships between crystal and liquid. Plagioclase and olivine phenocrysts show no compositional differences for the two rock group. However, $Al^{ⅵ}/Al^{ⅳ}$ ratios of clinopyroxenes suggest that pyroxenes have fractionated at deeper level, and that the LPK group might have fractionated at higher pressure than the HPK group. These are in good agreement with our previous interpretation based on whole rock chemistry(Park and Kwon, 1993a). Although subhedral or euhedral form and homogenous composition for most plagioclase and clinopy-roxene phenocrysts suggest equilibrium relationship with liquid, the uncertainties associated with liquid, the uncertainites associated with equilibrium constant for these minerals do not allow testing equilibium relationship between mineral and liquid on the basis of chemistry. On the other hand, olivine phenocrysts in hawaiites, for which Kd is well known, show distinct nonequilibrium relationship with calculated liquid composi-tions, while those in other rock compositions are in equilibrium from those for other rocks. We report for the first time as far as we know plagioclase xenocryst and pigeonite inclusion in plagioclase, which indicates assimilation process. In conclusion, these mineralogical observations imply that mag-matic processes underneath the Cheju volcano were not simple.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.58-72
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• 2001

The Cretaceous granite, andesite and sedimentary rocks are widely distributed in the northern Pusan area. The present study investigates mineralogical and geochemical charateristics of residual and cultivated soils derived from these rocks. The soils of granite area contain a large amount of quartz relative to clay minerals, whereas the soils of the andesite area contain more clay minerals than quartz. Clay minerals consist mainly of kaolin minerals illite hydroxy interlayered vermiculite interstratified mica/vermiculite and chlorite. Kaolin minerals are abundant in paddy soils while illite is abundant in less weathered soils. Si and K are major elements in the soils of granite area while Fe and Al in the soils of andesite area. In all the soils Ca, Mg and Na were generally depleted in comparison to those in parent rocks. Analysis data of trace element show that the enrichment pattern in soils depends on parent rock type with high oncentration of some elements over 100 ppm: Ba and Rb in granite area Zn, Bn, and V in andesite area, and Ba and V in sedimentary rock. In granite area, Rb and Th were greatly enriched in soil than in parent rocks. However, Cr, Ni and Sr commonly decrease, whereas Pb increases in all the soils. Exchangeable cation capacity(CEC) is relatively high in the soils of andesite are including abundant clay minerals. Collective evidences prove that the mineralogical and chemical compositions of soils are strongly dependent on the parent rock type. The mineralogy and chemistry of long cultivated soils are not significantly different from those of residual soils.

• 광물과 암석
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2022

기후 변화에 민감하게 반응하는 북극해는 지구 기후 변화의 흔적을 고스란히 간직하고 있으므로, 북극해 퇴적물 연구는 지구 기후 변화를 연구하는 데 매우 중요하다. 2016년에 수행된 아라온호의 ARA07C 북극해 탐사를 통하여 동시베리아해 연변부에서 획득한 ARA07C-St02B 중력 코어를 이용하여 퇴적학적, 광물학적, 지화학적 특성을 연구하고 이를 이용하여 기원지를 추정하였다. 코어 퇴적물은 색, 입도와 빙운쇄설물의 함량에 의하여 4개의 유닛으로 구분하였는데, 갈색층을 포함하는 유닛 1과 3은 회색층으로 구성된 유닛 2와 4보다 모래와 빙운쇄설물의 함량이 다소 높다. ARA07C-St02B 코어 주변에서 연구된 ARA03B-27 코어와 비교를 통하여 이들은 MIS (Marine Isotope Stage) 1부터 4시기에 퇴적된 것으로 여겨진다. 갈색층을 포함하는 유닛들과 회색층으로 이루어진 유닛 사이에는 벌크 광물 조성, 점토광물 조성, 지화학 조성에서 차이가 난다. 벌크 광물과 점토광물 특성은 조립질 퇴적물과 세립질 퇴적물 사이에 기원지가 다를 수 있음을 시사한다. 조립질 퇴적물은 대부분 랍테프해와 동시베리아해로부터 동시베리아 연안류나 추크치해로부터 보퍼트 환류를 따라 운반된 것으로 여겨지지만, 세립질 퇴적물은 대부분 동시베리아해, 추크치해, 보퍼트해로부터 해류에 의하여 운반된 것으로 추정된다. 유닛 1의 일부 조립질 퇴적물과 유닛 3의 세립질 퇴적물은 보퍼트해와 캐나다 북극 군도로부터 해류, 빙산 또는 해빙에 의하여 연구 지역에 퇴적된 것으로 판단된다. 잠재적인 근원지의 지화학 조성에 관한 자료를 획득하게 되면, 연구 지역의 코어 퇴적물의 기원지와 공급 방법에 대하여 좀 더 자세하게 규명될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.876-881
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• 2006

This study was carried out to understand depositional environment and genesis of clayey soils that distributed in the Dongup area. On the basis of detailed observation and description on mineralogy, geochemical composition, geophysical properties, paleontological analysis of cored sediments, three sedimentary unit have been distinguished. From bottom to top, they are early Holocene freshwater muddy deposit(Unit I, fluvial swamp), late Holocene silt and muddy deposit(Unit II, alluvial deposit), late Holocene muddy deposit(Unit III, fluvial swamp). Unit II is divided into three part: the lower part-unweathered massive silt and muddy deposit, middle part-weathered layered slit and muddy deposit and upper part-weathered massive muddy deposit.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.112-119
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• 1997

Coastal sediments collected near the Youngkwang Nuclear Power Plant were analysed for major(Al$_2$O$^_3$, Fe$^_2$O$^_3$, MgO, CaO, Na$^_2$O, K$^_2$O, TiO$^_2$, MnO), trace (Ba, Sr, V, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb) metal, and P$^_2$O$^_5$ contents. The composition of bulk metals from most stations fits within the range as those in the average crustal and sedimentary rocks, suggesting that the anthropogenic perturbation of these components is insignificant. The abundance and distribution of total contents for the majority of metals in the surface sediment could be explained by the grain size and were associated with mud (<63 ${\mu}$m) contents. However, distributions of Ca, K, Sr and Ba did not have any significant association with the sediment grain size. This may be due to the geochemical coherence among these metals in certain minerals abundant in coarse grained fractions. The distribution of Pb appears to be partly affected by the contribution from aerosol fallout. Using the R'-mode factor analysis, we show that the variance of the metal contents could be explained by four factors which account for 93.7% of the total variance. It appears that texturally controlled and/or sorting factors influenced by fine fraction are the most dominant factors which determine the relative abundance and distribution of metals in the study area.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 1978

조간대는 창조류와 낙조류의 영향으로 주기적인 침수와 노출이 일어나는 해역으로서 조류에 의해서 퇴적작용이 이루어지는 해양퇴적환경이다. 우리나라 서 남 해안에는 조간대가 잘 발달되어 있으며 서 남해안 조간대의 조사 연구방향에 대하여 박(1976)에 의해 제시된 바 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 서해의 남양만 남부에 발달하여 있는 조간대 퇴적환경에서의 (1)퇴적물분포양상, (2)퇴적작용, (3)퇴적물의 화학성분 및 (4)퇴적물의 점토광물의 종류를 밝히는데 있다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 1993

Soils and dusts collected from Changhang smelter area were analyzed for Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd in order to determine their dispersion pattern and mode of occurrences, and to investigate the pollution level of heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd by smelting activity. The soil pH of Changhang area is in the range of 3.7~8.8, and increased with increasing distance from the smelter site. The particles containing heavy metals are several tens of ${\mu}m$ in diameter, and have well crystal form. Samples collected near the smelter show similar particle properties in size, shape, and composition, which means that they could be originated from the same contamination source. Element couples of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd indicate high correlation with each other, which means that Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd could be originated from the same point source of smelter. Heavy metal contents were decayed to background levels from 2.5 kilometer away from the smelter.