• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the Correlation between Pelvic angle and the Tibiofemoral angle in the Genu varum. Method : Age of All subjects were 20-37 years. 33(male 10, female 23) subjects were assessed by whole spine x-ray and orthogram. The collected data consisted of items on general characteristics, Pelvic Incidence(PI), Pelvic Tilt(PT), Sacral Slope(SS) and Tibiofemoral Angle(TFA) of the subjects. Results : The PI, PT and TFA had a relationship significantly. However, there was no relationship between SS and TFA. Conclusion : The results suggest that TFA is related to PI, PT. Internal rotation due to genu varum of femoral at hip influence that PI and PT increase.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2013

Purpose The purpose of this study was to research the effects of exercise programs on genu varum persons' distance of between two legs. Method 40 persons who had genu varum were participated in this research. Randomly, among 30 were allocated in experimental group and others were allocated in control group. Stretching exercises, bend exercises and joint mobilization were applied to the experimental group for 6 weeks. For the statistical analysis, we used the independent t-test and the paired t-test. Result Stretching exercises, bend exercises and joint mobilization had statistically effects on distance of knees with gathering legs, distance of knees, distance of malleoluses, differences of distance from between malleoluses to between knees by GPS. Stretching exercises, bend exercises and joint mobilization had statistically effects on distance of knees, distance of malleoluses by ruler. Conclusion Therefore, this study showed that stretching exercises, bend exercises and joint mobilization influenced on the change of genu varum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stretching and elastic band exercise on the knee space distance and plantar pressure distribution in people with genu varum. METHODS: The subjects of this study were students of a college who had genu varum of 14 subjects. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups as a stretching group (n=7, 4 males and 3 females, age: $20.14{\pm}2.54years$, height: $167.1{\pm}9.78cm$, weight: $58.6{\pm}10.13kg$) and a Thera-band group (n=7, 5 males and 2 females, age: $19.85{\pm}2.04years$, height: $166.5{\pm}5.82cm$, weight: $54.2{\pm}5.59kg$). The stretching and the There-band exercises were performed three times per a week, for four weeks. We measured changes in plantar pressure during walking, using a Gait Analyzer and distance of both knees at pre and post-intervention. RESULTS: These results suggest that the space distance of both knees showed differences before and after the intervention. The plantar pressure distribution was no changes in both groups before and after the intervention except for the left foot in a stretching group. CONCLUSION: As a result, the space distance of knees in both groups was significantly reduced. These result suggested that the Thera-band and stretching exercises were effective ways in alleviating genu varum.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of squat exercise using a ball on the gap between knees and Q angle of a subject with a genu-varum, and to prove the effect, to provide a clinical basis for developing into a knee correction exercise program. Methods : As a result of posture measurement through GPS, 26 female with genu-varum with a knee length of 5 cm or more were studied. The group was randomly assigned to 13 squat exercise group using ball (experimental group) and 13 general squat exercise groups (control group). The experimental group placed the ball between both knees in a position where the distance between both feet was slightly wider than the shoulder width on a flat support surface, and fixed the ball, and then squat with the start signal. The control group squats without a ball. Each group performed three sets of exercise three times a week for six weeks. Before their exercise, after three and six weeks, EMG, GPS, digital goniometer measurement, the vastus medialis (VM), the vastus lateralis (VL), and the Q-angle were measured in the squat exercise posture. EMG was measured in squat exercise posture. Results : The distance between the knees was reduced. EMG is activated in group A, the group B experimental results showed the high activity of the VL. Q-angle had increased. But the experimental group increased more than the control group. Conclusion : We have confirmed through our experiments that the distance interval between the knees during squat exercises using a ball can be reduced. Furthermore, it would also be helpful to ensure the treatment of genu-varum.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.169-173
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of Chuna and Stylex device treatment in patients with genu varum. Methods 2 patients (21/male, 40/female) with genu varum were recruited in this study. Chuna treatment at pelvic, and stylex device treatment at both legs were applied to all participants. Outcomes were assessed using Q-angle (Quadriceos angle), TFA (Tibiovemoral angle), Distance of both sides patella. Results 1. Distance of both sides patella were decrease in all case. 2. Q-angel and TFA were decrease in case 1. but slight invrease in case 2. Conclusions This study showed that Chuna and Stlyex divice treatments could be used as an effective method for decrease distance of both sides patella. but Q-angle and TFA need more research on whether proper assessment as a measure of genu varum.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.164-171
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine the immediate effects of wearing a foot-pressure-based insole (FPBI) on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM), postural sway, and muscle activation in healthy individuals with genu varum. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted on thirteen adults, with six male and seven females subjects. The mean age was 24.08 years. Foot pressure was measured to apply the FPBI and the weight bearing lunge test was performed with the application of a flat insole (FI) and FPBI. Examination was randomly performed in four conditions to measure both postural sway and muscle activation. All participants applied both the FI and FPBI with four conditions. The four conditions were as follows: 1) Romberg test posture with eyes closed, 2) Romberg test posture with eyes opened, 3) dominant single leg standing with eyes opened, and 4) non-dominant single leg standing with eyes opened. Results: For ankle DFROM between the FI and FPBI, a significant increase was observed in both the dominant and non-dominant leg (p<0.05). For postural sway between the FI and FPBI in the Romberg test posture with eyes closed and dominant single leg standing with eyes opened conditions, a significant decrease was observed (p<0.05). However, the postural sway between FI and FPBI in the Romberg test posture with eyes opened and non-dominant single leg standing with eyes opened, no significant decrease was observed. Also, there were no significant effects on muscle activation between the application of the FI and FPBI. Conclusions: The result showed that FPBI immediately improved ankle DFROM and postural sway. It seems that FPBI may improve genu varum in healthy individuals with genu varum.

• The Korean journal of sports medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.207-213
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• 2018

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of foot position on dynamic stability in female with genu varum. M ethods: Eight females with genu varum participated in this study and performed the four squat exercise methods that foot position ($-45^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$, $+45^{\circ}$) and $0^{\circ}$ squat with band. Center of pressure (COP; anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, traveled distance, ellipse area) and ground reaction force as dynamic stability were measured using footscan system. Multivariate analysis of variance and one-way repeated analysis of variance measurement with Tukey honestly significant difference were used to identify significant differences of foot angle ($-45^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$, $+45^{\circ}$) and $0^{\circ}$ squat with band method. Results: In anterior-posterior COP displacement, $-45^{\circ}$ foot angle and $0^{\circ}$ squat with band were significantly showed lower than $+45^{\circ}$ foot angle squat (p=0.006). Also, in COP traveled distance, $0^{\circ}$ squat was significantly showed lower than $+45^{\circ}$ foot angle (p=0.019). During the descending phase, ground reaction force significantly showed in -45 foot angle was lower than other exercise methods. Conclusion: The $0^{\circ}$ squat with band exercise showed higher dynamic stability and $+45^{\circ}$ foot angle squat exercise showed lower dynamic stability in female with genu varum.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.149-157
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• 2023

Purpose : Genu varum is a condition characterized by a wider than normal gap between. This may be due to muscle weakness caused by poor posture, lifestyle, or lack of exercise. This study aimed to compare the effects of ball-based squats and narrow squats on muscle thickness, Q-angle, and the gap between the knees, in order to assess the potential for improving this condition. Methods : Twenty six adult participants with genu varum were randomly assigned to either a ball-based squat group (n=13) or a narrow squats group (n=13). Both groups performed their respective exercises three times weekly for 4 weeks. The data was analyzed using paired t-tests to compare pre- and post- intervention measurements within each group, and independent t-test was used to compare the two groups. Results : Both groups showed significant improvement in the thickness of the vastus lateralis and medialis, and rectus femoris muscles, as well as a significant decrease in the gap between the knees (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in Q-angle variation between the two group. Furthermore, there was no significant differences in the Q-angle, gap between the knees, and muscle thickness variation between both groups. Conclusion : The results suggest that both ball-based squats and narrow squats are effective in improving muscle thickness and reducing the gap between the knees in adults with genu varum. However, there was no significant difference between the two types of squats in terms of their effects on the Q-angle. These findings highlight the potential for exercise interventions to address this common postural issue.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.210-217
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• 2014

This study is to present objective data for the approaches of therapeutic exercise for the correction of genu varum by making an analysis and a comparison of the hip joints' ROM and isokinetic muscles of the female college students with straight legs with those of a female college student with idiopathic genu varum. Additionally, the state of the adductor muscle's thighs and the deep muscles of the subjects with bowed legs were experimented and the equipment's effect and applicability was reviewed through the process of the movement of newly developed exercise equipment, Balloa(2013, Balloa/Adonia/Korea). As a result, a person with genu varum needs the height increasing method for increasing external rotation ROM of a hip joint and requires the exercise techniques to strengthen external rotator muscles and to inhibit the activity of internal rotator muscles of a hip joint. Balloa increases the external rotation ROM of a hip joint and strengthens gluteal muscles, deep muscles, and adductor muscles, and the equipment's function of muscle strengthening shows that the equipment is an effective corrective exercise for the patients of genu varum.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of squatting with different foot positions on the muscle activation of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles in subjects with genu varum. Methods: Thirty four subjects participated in this study. Surface electromyography was used to measure the muscle activation of the VMO and VL muscles at the knee angles ($15^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$) at three foot positions (internal rotation, neutral position, external rotation) during squatting. Results: Muscle activation differences at different knee angles and foot positions differed significantly between the VMO and VL muscles in both the varus and normal groups. In addition, there was a significant difference according to the knee angles with the foot in external rotation in the VMO and VL ratio. In the varus group, however, the VMO and VL ratio were significantly different only with the feet in internal rotation. In the muscle activation changes of the knee angle differences in the foot position, there was no significant difference in the varus group, but both the VMO and VL muscles were significant different in the normal group. Conclusion: In both groups, regardless of the foot position, muscle activation of the VMO and VL muscles increased with increasing knee flexion angle. In the normal group, when squatting with the feet in external rotation, the VMO and VL muscles activations increased with increasing knee angle. In the varus group, however, the foot position did not affect the VMO or VL muscle activation. This study shows that subjects with genu varum and normal subjects have different VMO and VL muscle activation patterns during squat exercises.