• 제목/요약/키워드: genetically modified

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Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Foods and Food Additives in Korea

  • Kim, Chang-Min
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제17권
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    • pp.185-188
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    • 2001
  • Genetically modified foods and food additives are derived from organisms that have been inserted foreign genetic materials by recombinant DNA techniques to improve the quality or any other pur-poses. The problems such as toxicity, allergenicity and antibiotics resistance in the safety of genetically modified foods are usually concerned. In Korea, the safety of foods is ensured by the Food Sanitation Act. Although there is no specific provision regarding the genetically modified foods in it, any foods that might cause negative effect(s) on public health or human life are prohibited to sell in the market. In order to systematically evaluate safety of genetically modified foods, the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) promulgated "Guidelines regarding review of safety assessment data for genetically modified foods and food additives (KFDA Notification 1999-46)". The objectives of these guidelines are to ensure safety of genetically modified foods and food additives. In order to evaluate the safety of genetically modified foods. KFDA operates a special expert committee composed by experts from government, universities, research institutes. and consumer's unions. Recently. manufacturers and consumers are interested in the issues on safety and labeling of genetically modified foods, because of increment of imported genetically modified crops and processed foods. Since government and consumers unions have different viewpoints, their positions regarding the issue are different each other. Therefore, the regulation of labeling on genetically modified foods is prepared and should be enforced at July 2000 in Korea. in Korea.

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유전자(遺傳子) 변형(變形) 농산물(農産物)에 관한 정책적(政策的) 함의(含意) (Political Implication on the Genetically Modified Crops)

  • 신용인;박인식
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.116-129
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    • 1999
  • The objectives of the study mainly concentrated on identifying the political implication on genetically modified crops considering production potentials and problems. It is found that the comprehensive evaluation of the genetically modified crops could not be concluded and compromised in a word on account of the polarization and parallelism of the positive and negative benefits of genetically modified crops just like as the rail way. The genetically modified crops will be contributed to solving the food shortage problems in the world, when the issues such as food safety, ecological disturbance and loss and degradation of biodiversity can be guaranteed in transparency. And when the trade morality of the multi-national enterprises be accepted by the genetically modified crops consumers, the potentiality of genetically modified crops will be realized greatly. By the way, the first problems will be expected to be solved by scientific development. If the food safety of the genetically modified technology be verified in transparency, it will be greatly contributed to solve food problems of human beings in the world. But the second problem could not be expected to be easily solved from the view point of capital property. In conclusion, the genetically modified technology will be made a severe sense of incongruity and a seed of fire on it will be remained persistently. According to the results based on the analysing the genetically modified crops potentiality and problems, it was identified that the ex-ante preparation of counter-measures and actions on it should be necessary. Accordingly this study has recommended that how and what the R&D policy on genetically modified crops be established and suggested how to carried out the industrial and economic policy together with international negotiation, and organizational and institutional rearrangement and etc.

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유전자재조합식품과 소비자보호 (Genetically Modified Foods and Consumer Protection)

  • 유두련
    • 가정과삶의질연구
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.89-102
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    • 2002
  • Genetically modified foods may be defined as the foods deemed as safe by current technology among the many kinds of agricultural and stockbreeding products that are now under research and development using contemporary gene-modification techniques. This study examines hotly debated arguments, both for and against genetically modified- foods, in various countries. This study also investigates consumers'rights and responsibilities. Countries that are developing and exporting genetically modified organisms(GMO) have maintained that GMO can help produce more crops while reducing labor and other production-related costs, and that the genetically modified foods signify ″the second green revolution,″ which will solve future food and environmental problems by strengthening specific nutritive substances and extending shelf-life. But consumer groups, environmental organizations. and food-importing countries are more cautious about importing and consuming those foods because the potential dangers of GMO to human bodies and the environment have not been tested thoroughly yet. South Korea, following suit with others such as EU, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, introduced a law on 'Labeling of Genetically Modified Foods', which went in effect in March, 2001, on the basis of customers'rights to make informed choices. The law takes the ″precautionary principle″ into consideration, rather than stopping at insuring ″substantial equivalence″ in developing and consuming GM foods. The actual impact of the law will depend on the level of citizens'Participation more than on the government's willingness to carry out the law. So far the level of Korean consumers'consciousness about genetically modified foods is very low. Therefore, it is hard to expect consumers to exercise their ″rights not to buy″ foods that are potentially unsafe. The Korean government must devise an effective plan to inform and educate the people about the labeling of genetically modified foods.

랫드에서 유전자 재조합 식품(GMO)의 90일간 노출에 대한 안전성 평가 (Safety Evaluation of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) for a 90-day Exposure in Rats)

  • 김태융;제정환;조성대;강경선;이영순
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.49-57
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    • 2001
  • We performed to evaluate the safety of GMOs for a long term exposure in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In this study, groups often or fifteen SD rats were fed one of the following four diets for 90 days: (1) AIN-76A rodent diet only; (2) AIN-76A rodent diet containing 5% genetically modified soybean from USA; (3) AIN-76A rodent diet containing 5% genetically non-modified soybean from USA; (4) AIN-76A rodent diet containing 5% genetically non-modified soybean from Korea. The effects of AIN-76A rodent diet containing genetically modified soybean on body weights, food uptake, water consumption, hematology, serum bio-chemistry, urinalysis, organ weights, gross findings and histopathological findings were not significantly different, compared with others. Taken together, these results suggested that genetically modified soybean did not induce any toxic effects in rats treated for 90 days.

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혹명나방 저항성벼 재배 논토양의 미생물상 (Microbial Communities in Rice Paddy Soils Following Cultivation of Genetically Modified Leaf Folder-resistant Rice Plants)

  • 권장식;노형준;서장선;신공식;권순종
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제43권2호
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    • pp.180-187
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    • 2010
  • 유전자변형 벼 및 비변형 벼 재배시 근권미생물의 특성 및 군집변동상을 조사하였다. 유전자변형 벼 재배 및 비변형 벼 재배 근권토양 및 뿌리표면인 근면의 세균수는 큰 차이가 없었다. 수원지역 2006년도 포장시험에서 근권토양의 세균은 유전자변형 벼의 경우 Afipia가 12.5%, Spingomonas 10.0%, Ramlibacter 10.0%, Mycobacterium 7.5%, Tetrasphaera 7.5%였으며, 유전자비 변형 벼는 Afipia가 7.3%, Spingomonas 12.2%, Ramlibacter 7.3%, Mycobacterium 17.1%, Tetrasphaera 속이 14.6%로 우점하였다. 예산 시험포장에서 재배한 벼 뿌리표면의 우점세균은 2007년도에는 유전자 변형 벼 시험포에서 Arthrobacter 속 12.7% 유전자비 변형 벼 시험포에서는 Burkholderia 속 22.2%였으며, 2008년도에는 유전자변형 벼 시험포에서 Paucimonas 속이 26.6%, 비변형 벼 시험포에서는 Chryseobacterium 속이 15.4 %를 점유하였다. PLFA에 의한 미생물 군집은 유전자변형 벼 재배 유무에 따른 조건에서는 뚜렷한 경향이 없었지만 토양 간에는 다른 특성을 보였다.

Effects of insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9) cultivation on non-target insect diversity

  • Oh, Sung-Dug;Lim, Myung-Ho;Lee, Bumkyu;Yun, Doh-Won;Sohn, Soo-In;Chang, Ancheol;Park, Soon Ki;Suh, Sang Jae
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.28-37
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    • 2018
  • This study was done to develop environmental risk assessments and a biosafety guide for insect-resistant genetically modified rice at a LMO (Living Modified Organism) isolation field. In the LMO quarantine area of Kyungpook National University, the species diversities and population densities of non-target insects found on insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9) resistant to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and on non-GM rices (Dongjin and Ilmi) were investigated. The Bt-9 event was therefore evaluated under field conditions to detect possible impacts on the above ground insects and spiders. The study compared transgenic rice and two non-GM reference rices, Ilmi and Dongjin, at Gunwi in Southern Korea in 2016. Each rice was grown on three $18m^2$ plots with a randomized block design. A total of 4,243 individuals from 43 families and 9 orders were collected from the LMO isolation field. In the three types of rice fields, a total of 1,467 individuals from the insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9), 1,423 individuals from the Ilmi, and 1,353 individuals from the Dongjin were collected, respectively. There was no difference between the population densities of the non-target insect pests, natural enemies and other insects on the insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9) and non-GM rices. These results provide the diversity and population density of non-target insects for an environment risk assessment survey on insect-resistant genetically modified rice and could be used as a guideline to make a biosafety assessment method for genetically modified crops.

CD8-dependent Tumor Growth Inhibition by Tumor Cells Genetically Modified with 4-1BBL

  • Kim, Hong Sung
    • 대한의생명과학회지
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.329-333
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    • 2021
  • We previously identified that tumor cells genetically modified with a 4-1BBL co-stimulatory molecule had anticancer effects in a CT26 mouse colorectal tumor model. To identify the distinction between immune cells in a mouse tumor model treated with tumor cells genetically modified with 4-1BBL or β-gal, we examined the immune cells in CT26-WT, CT26-βgal, and CT26-4-1BBL tumor bearing mice 21 days after tumor cell administration. The CD8+ T cells population in mice treated with tumor cells genetically modified with 4-1BBL was significantly increased on day 21 compared to that of tumor cells genetically modified with β-gal in the spleen and tumor tissue. The CD4+ T cell population was not different between the two mice groups. The Foxp3+CD25high CD4 T cell population decreased on day 21 in tumor tissues, but the decrease was not significant. We also found that CD8 T cells had pivotal roles in inhibiting tumor growth by treating mice with ant-CD4 and CD8 antibodies. These results suggest that tumor cells genetically modified with 4-1BBL could inhibit tumor growth by affecting on CD8 T lymphocytes.

Detection of Recombinant Marker DNA in Genetically Modified Glyphosate- Tolerant Soybean and Use in Environmental Risk Assessment

  • Kim, Young-Tae;Park, Byoung-Keun;Hwang, Eui-Il;Yim, Nam-Hui;Lee, Sang-Han;Kim, Sung-Uk
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.390-394
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    • 2004
  • The genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybean contains the following introduced DNA sequences: the EPSPS (5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, the 35S promoter from the cauliflower mosaic virus, and the NOS terminator from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In the present study, detection of these introduced DNAs was performed by amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A multiplex PCR method was also applied to prevent false positive results. When primers for 35S promoter, nos3', CTP(chloroplast transit peptide), and CP4 EPSPS (EPSPS from Agrobacterium sp. CP4) were used, positive results were obtained in PCR reactions using DNA from genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybeans. There were no false positive results when using DNA from non-genetically modified soybeans. The CP4 EPSPS gene was detected when less than 125 pg glyphosate-tolerant soybean DNA was amplified. Lectin Lel and psb A were amplified from both non-genetically modified and genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybean DNA. Multiplex PCR was performed using different primer sets for actin Sacl, 35S promoter and CP4 EPSPS. The actin gene was detectable in both non-genetically modified and glyphosate-tolerant soybeans as a constant endogenous gene. Target DNAs for the 35S promoter, and CP4 EPSPS were detected in samples containing 0.01-0.1% glyphosate-tolerant soybean, although there were variations depending on primers by multiplex PCR. Soybean seeds from five plants of non-genetically modified soybean were co-cultivated for six months with those of genetically modified soybean, and they were analyzed by PCR. As a result, they were not positive for 35S promoter, nos3' or CP4 EPSPS. Therefore, these results suggest there was no natural crossing of genes between glyphosate-tolerant and non-genetically modified soybean during co-cultivation, which indicates that gene transfer between these plants is unlikely to occur in nature.

Detection of Genetically Modified Maize by Multiplex PCR Method

  • 허문석;김재환;박선희;우근조;김혜용
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.1150-1156
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    • 2004
  • The GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) labeling system on raw materials has been in Korea since March 2001, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs)-derived foods since July 2001. Therefore, we designed a multiplex PCR method to ascertain the validity of the labeling system and to monitor the status of circulation for genetically modified maize (GM Maize). Five lines of GM Maize (GA21, TC1507, Mon810, NK603, and Bt176) were used, and specific primer pairs were designed to detect each line. Using this method, the different lines of GM Maize were monitored from raw products and processed foods in Korean market. Some of the maize processed foods and raw materials were shown to contain more than one foreign gene. This method was found to be effective for-detecting five different GM Maize in a single reaction.