• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.375-379
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• 2012

This study was carried out to define the "Wolla" coat color using 376 Jeju registered horses (white patched 142, solid coat color 234). Three major factors related to the white patches i.e ECA3-inversion for Tobiano, EDNRB 2 bp nucleotide substitution for frame Overo, and the KIT intron 16 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for Sabino types of coat color were analyzed. It was found that out of 142 Jeju horses with white patches that have the genotype for ECA3-inversion (To) 140 horses were +/To heterozygous and 2 horses were To/To homozygous all Jeju horses with white patches had ECA3-inversion allele. However, there was no frame Overo or Sabino allele type in EDNRB and KIT intron 16 SNP in Jeju horses with white patches. As for 234 Jeju horses with a solid coat color, there was no ECA3-inversion allele related to the white patches. Thus, it could be considered that Wolla coat color with white patches in Jeju horses might have come from the Tobiano line in the genetic classification by coat color.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2000

Complete senuences of the mitochondrial rRNA Benes were determined among six salmonines in Korean Waters (Brachpmystax lenok, Onoorhpchus keta, O. masou mason, O. mason ishikawae, O. mykiss, and albino mutant of O. mykiss). The purposes of this study were to provide the basic information on levels of mtDNA polymorphism among these species for genetic characterization; discuss phylogentic relationships among three Oncorhynchus sepecies; demonstrate the utility of rRNA gene sequence data as a genetic marker for disringuishinf among Korean salmonines. PCR/direct sequencing data indicated the following consistent results; 1) 12S rRNA genes was 945 bases long in Oncorhynchus species, and 946 bases in B. lenot including one insertion. 2) Of sequence variation in mitochondrial rRNA regions, transitional substitutions were superior to transversion. 3) The significant differences were not shown in the intraspecific variation values in these gene regions. The percentage sequence divergence values were ranged from $0.066 to 0.212{\%}$. 4) The interspecific divergences were greater than the intraspecific variation. Nevertheless, ribosomal RMh genes were more conserved among species than the other mitochondrial genes, and they showed potentiality as an intergenic marker for systematics. In addition, phylogenetic trees, constructed from this data, supported that cherry salmon was closer to chum salmon than to rainbow trout, and that lenok was most distantly related species in six salmonid species.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2006

An antagonistic bacterial isolate, that inhibits the growth of plant pathogens, was selected and identified from 5,000 isolates screened from the rhizosphere of various crop plants. An isolate Bacillus sp. N32, tested against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose disease in hot pepper, produced both a heat resistant antifungal protein and a heat sensitive antifungal protein. The heat resistant protein was partially purified by Ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration chromatography. The bioautography showed that the proteins possessed high antifungal activity. The biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for the heat resistant antifungal protein was cloned from cosmid library using DNA probe obtained from PCR product with the primers targeting the conserved nucleotide sequence of the synthetic genes reported earlier, Most of the clones obtained showed higher homology to fengycin antibiotic synthetic gene family reported earlier. On the other hand, the heat sensitive protein was isolated from SDS-PAGE and electroblotting to determine the N-terminal amino acid sequences. The heat sensitive antifungal protein gene was cloned from the ${\lambda}-ZAP$ libraries using a DNA probe based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the heat sensitive protein. We are contemplating to clone and sequence the whole gene cluster encoding the heat sensitive protein for further analysis.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.600-605
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• 1989

For the purpose of isolation of the Zymomonas mobilis DNA fragments showing promoter activity in Escherichia coli, a promoter screening vector, PCMT215 was constructed by transferring a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene of pYEJ001 into pMT21 which contains $\beta$-lactamase gene and multiple cloning sites. A library of Z, mobilis Sau3AI DNA fragments was constructed in E. coli using the newly constructed pCMT215. Fourteen clones showing resistance to chloramphenicol ranging in concentration from 30 to 750 $\mu$g/$m\ell$ were selected. From five clones of them, the Z. mobilis DNA fragments expressing CAT gene of the recombinant plasmids were sequenced and then sites of transcriptional initiation were identified. The nucleotide sequences of the cloned DNA shared AT rich regions, poly A's or T's stretches and palindromic regions. The positions of transcriptional initiation for CAT gene occurred at more than one site spaced over by 4 to 190 base pairs on the cloned fragments in E. coli.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2005

To produce a thermostable cyclodextrin by using thermotolerant cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase(CGTase), a thermophilic and alkalophilic bacterium isolate, designated B-13 showing the highest CGTase activity was isalated from natural sources and identified as Bacillus cereus B-13 based on the morphological and physiological characteristics, and 16S rRNA sequence. The maximal CGTase activity (130 U/ml) was obtained when Bacillus cereus B-13 was cultured in SYC medium containing 2.0% soluble starch, 1.0% yeast extracts, 1% corn steep liquor and 1% $Na_2CO_3$ (pH 8.5) at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24 h and about 80% of maximal activity was also showed in he culture broth of $60^{\circ}C$ for 18 h. Optimum reaction temperature and pH of the partial purified CGTase for soluble starch were $65^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.5-9.0 respectively. The partial purified CGTase were also stable below $80^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0-10.0. When 1% soluble starch was digested with the partial purified CGTase, the yield of cyclodextrin was 49%.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.4 s.137
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• pp.311-315
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• 2004

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is among the most serious insect pests of rice. It is widely distributed in Asia, Australia and Pacific islands. An earlier mitochondrial DNA study revealed that there exist significant genetic differences between populations north and south of the Red River Delta region in Vietnam. However the mitochondrial DNA was not sufficiently variable to examine the sources of immigration. For a more detailed analysis of geographic population structure of N. lugens, we developed microsatellite markers. Thirty-seven putative microsatellite loci were isolated using a magnetic biotin method, and five primer pairs designed from the flanking regions of sequenced microsatellite clones were labeled with fluorescent. Of these five primer sets, two have proven to be useful across all the samples we used in this study. We used variation at these two microsatellite loci to test the hypothesis that N. lugens biotypes (1, 2, and 3) sampled from laboratory selection constituted distinct genetic units. Allele frequency differences among the three major biotype categories were not significantly different at one locus (27035). However, the other (7314) did show differences among the major three biotypes. The methods we describe here will be useful for studying population structure of crop pest and for tracking the patterns of migratory pest like the rice planthoppers.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.190-194
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• 2007

Gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) is a major tumor type of gastric cancers and subdivides into several different tumors such as papillary, tubular mucinous, signet-ring cell and adenosquamous carcinoma according to histopatholigical determination. In other hand, GA is also subdivided into intestinal and diffuse type of adenocarcinoma by the Lauren?fs classification. In this study, we have examined differential gene expression pattern analysis of three histologically different GAs of 24 samples by using DNA microarray containing approximately 19000 genetic elements. The hierarchical clustering analysis of 24 gastric adenocarcinomas (12 of intestinal type, 7 of diffuse type and 5 of mixed type) resulted in two major subgroup on dendrogram, and two subgroups included most of intestinal and diffused type of GAs respectively. Supervised analysis of 19 intestinal and diffuse type GAs by using Wilcoxon rank T-test (P<0.01) resulted in 100 outlier genes which exactly separated intestinal and diffuse type of GA by differential gene expression. In conclusion, genome-wide analysis of gene expression of GAs suggested that GAs may subclassify as intestinal and diffused type of GA by their characteristic molecular expression. Our results also provide large-scale genetic elements which reflect molecular differences of intestinal and diffuse type of GAs, and this may facilitate to understand different molecular carcinogenesis of gastric cancer.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.363-367
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• 2013

The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in birds has epidemiological significance because birds are indeed considered as a good indicator of environmental contamination by T. gondii oocysts. In this study, the prevalence of T. gondii in 313 house sparrows in Lanzhou, northwestern China was assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies to T. gondii were positive in 39 (12.46%) of 313 samples (MAT titer ${\geq}$ 1:5). Tissues of heart, brain, and lung from the 39 seropositive house sparrows were tested for T. gondii DNA, 11 of which were found to be positive for the T. gondii B1 gene by PCR amplification. These positive DNA samples were typed at 9 genetic markers, including 8 nuclear loci, i.e., SAG1, 5'- and 3'-SAG2, alternative SAG2, SAG3, GRA6, L358, PK1, c22-8 and an apicoplast locus Apico. Of them, 4 isolates were genotyped with complete data for all loci, and 2 genotypes (Type II variants; ToxoDB #3 and a new genotype) were identified. These results showed that there is a potential risk for human infection with T. gondii in this region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. gondii seroprevalence in house sparrows in China.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2006

The shigellae are common etiological agents of bacillary dysentery in humans and primates. During four years from 2002 to 2005, 22 strains of Shigella spp. were isolated from the diarrheic patients in Seoul region. All of them were identified as S. flexneri by biochemical tests and serotyping. The prevalence of serotypes were variable by year, but the major serotypes were 2a and 3a. In an antimicrobial susceptibility test, all of the isolates were resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline, and susceptible to amikacin, kanamycin, cefoxitin, and gentamicin. All of the isolates showed the multi-resistant patterns over 3 drugs. By analysis of the plasmid profile the isolates were classified into 7 groups (P1~P7). Serotypes 2a and 2b were distributed to P1, P2, P3, and P4. Serotype 3a was differentiated to P5 and serotype 3b, to P6 and serotype 4a, to P7. PCR results showed that all isolates were positive for two virulence genes, ipaH and ial, but none of the strains had stx gene. The set1A and set1B genes were detected from 12 isolates (54.5%) that belonged to serotype 2a and 2b. The sen gene was detected from 19 isolates (86.4%). The 22 isolates showed 12 to 17 DNA fragments in the sizes ranging from 20.5 kb to 1135 kb, resulting in 13 patterns by the PFGE with Not I digestion. The PFGE patterns of the isolates showed the close relation with the serotypes, but no relations with year of isolation and antimicrobial resistance.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2005

A collection of 12 Erwinia carotovora strains from blackleg diseased potato in Jeju island was characterized genetic diversity by 5. cayotovora subsp. atposeptica (Eca)-specific PCR, PCR-RFLP of the two genes (16S rRNA and pel) and repetitive sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR). The results were compared with those of the other E. carotovora representative strains. None of the blackleg strains produced PCR amplicons with Eca-specific primers in contrast to the single 690 bp amplicon obtained with Eca strains. In addition, on the basis of pel gene RFLP with Sau3AI, the blackleg strains belonged to the pattern 2 whereas Eca strains belonged to the other one (pattern 3). By analysis of 16S rDNA RELP generated with HinfI, the most strains including the E. carotovera subsp. carotovora (Ecc) representative strains used in this study belonged to the pattern 1 whereas the blackleg strains belonged to the pattern 2 except for one strain. Moreover, ERIC-PCR analysis showed that the blackleg strains were closely related to each other and had an unique DNA band. Based on these molecular approaches, we have confirmed that the blackleg disease of potato is caused by a different E. carotovora from Eca and Ecc in Jeju island.