• 약학회지
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.116-125
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• 2012

Local pharmaceutical companies in Korea, which have grown focusing on domestic markets, have recently faced difficulties such as market saturation, price control policies and market-opening pressures by FTA. It seems to be an urgent issue for them to export pharmaceuticals to developed countries comprising the greater part of the global pharmaceutical market. Hence, this research was conducted to investigate and benchmark the strategies employed by India industry for the successful access to the global pharmaceutical markets. Drug policies as well as their influences on pharmaceutical market changes between India and Korea for the last 40 years have been searched and the differences have been comparatively analyzed. The pharmaceutical industry of India has the following strengths: low costs; experienced labor pool; excellent reverse-engineering skills; powerful IT; marketing capability; and established distribution network. After 2000, consolidations, M&A and alliances with domestic and multinational companies have been sharply increased in the industry of India. Indian companies unfolding both competition and cooperation with multinational corporations currently move up the value-added chain, and this enthusiastic strategy should be learned by local pharmaceutical companies.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.17-35
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• 2015

시장 수요 예측은 일정 기간 동안 소비자에게 판매되는 동종 제품 또는 서비스의 수량 혹은 매출액의 규모를 추정하는 활동으로서, 기업경영활동에 있어 효율적인 의사결정을 내릴 수 있는 근거로 활용된다는 점에서 중요하게 인식되고 있다. 신규 시장의 수요를 예측하기 위해 다양한 시장성장모형이 개발되어 왔다. 이런 모형들은 일반적으로 시장의 크기 변화의 동인을 신기술 확산으로 보고 소비자인 개인에게 기술이 확산되는 과정을 통해 시장 크기가 변하는 과정을 확산모형으로 구현하게 된다. 그러나, 시장이 형성된 직후에는 수요 관측치의 부족으로 인해 혁신계수, 모방계수와 같은 예측모형의 모수를 정확하게 추정하는 것이 쉽지 않다. 이런 경우, 전문가의 판단 하에 예측하고자 하는 시장과 유사한 시장을 결정하고 이를 참고하여 모수를 추정하게 되는데, 어떤 시장을 유사하다고 판단하느냐에 따라 성장모형은 크게 달라지게 되므로, 정확한 예측을 위해서는 유사 시장을 찾는 것은 매우 중요하다. 그러나, 이런 방식은 직관과 경험이라는 정성적 판단에 크게 의존함으로써 일관성이 떨어질 수밖에 없으며, 결국, 만족할 만한 수준의 결과를 얻기 힘들다는 단점을 지닌다. 이런 정성적 방법은 유사도가 더 높은 시장을 누락시키고 유사도가 낮은 시장을 선택하는 오류를 일으킬 수 있다. 이런 이유로, 본 연구는 신규 시장의 모수를 추정하기 위해 필요한 유사시장을 누락 없이 효과적으로 찾아낼 수 있는 사례기반 전문가 시스템을 설계하고자 수행되었다. 제안된 모형은 데이터 마이닝의 군집분석 기법과 추천 시스템의 내용 기반 필터링 방법론을 기반으로 전문가 시스템으로 구현되었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 시스템의 유용성을 확인하고자 정보통신분야 시장의 모수를 추정하는 실험을 실시하였다. 전문가를 대상으로 실시된 실험에서, 시스템을 사용한 모수의 추정치가 시스템을 사용하지 않았을 때와 비교하여 실제 모수와 더 가까움을 보임으로써 시스템의 유용성을 증명하였다.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.41-62
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• 2001

Perhaps, one of the typical emerging markets drawing tremendous attention from not only business professionals but also policy-makers would be the mobile Internet services. In recent years many research institutes reported their predictions on the growth of the mobile Internet services market, announcing that the market would show explosive growth and replace the wired Internet service market rapidly. Unfortunately, however, the reality we are facing at present is quite different from their expectations. The realized share of the mobile services in Korea last year has turned out remaining only about one percent of the total network service revenue. What are the reasons for the gap between the prospects and the reality? Starting from this question, this paper attempts to explore the generic pitfalls of the traditional number-crunching methods adopted thus far for the forecast of newly emerging market trends, and present an alternative by introducing systems thinking to the mobile Internet service market as an example, followed by its rationale as a new tool for forecasting and some reasoning about why traditional methods are no longer appropriate.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.50-68
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• 2006

Innovation fuels organizations evolving them to withstand rapid changes in markets and challenges from competition. While diversified concepts of innovation are examined, a generic framework for managing organizational innovation is established to portray the notion in a methodical approach. Substantiation of the determinants for organizational innovation is carried out in order to examine the framework against the practical situation. Subsequently, expectations and actual accomplishments of the determinants for organizational innovation from the industry are determined so as to understand the industrial view towards the framework. This paper summarizes the empirical findings of a survey of organizational innovation with a sample of 208 electronic and electrical manufacturing companies in the Greater Pearl River Delta (GPRD), China. On one hand, the survey findings confirm the readiness of the generic framework from the practical perspective of the industry. On the other hand, rankings are obtained for the expected importance and company accomplishment of the determinants for organizational innovation, namely in the areas of management leadership and commitment, employee capability and attitude and strategy development for innovation. The improvement area is also verified by the shortcomings of the expectation in comparison to the company accomplishment in each determinant. Meanwhile, it is believed that a directional attitude towards the determinants can facilitate the accomplishment of the determinants of organizational innovation. Further results will be generated from a more in-depth analysis of variables. The confirmed framework will be further developed into an assessment system for organizational innovation with the support of best practices in each determinant.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the heavy metal and microbiological hazards on by-products (liver, omasum, small intestines) of cattle. From April to October in 2011, one hundred and twenty samples were equally collected from slaughterhouse and meat by-product markets in Incheon city. The total bacteria counts and E. coli count were applied to assess the microbiological quality. Food borne bacteria including Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens and E. coli O157:H7 were also determined. The results were obtained as follows: The undesirable grade (more than $10^5\;CFU/cm^2$) was detected in the by-product from 18.3% (slaughterhouse) and 23.3% (by-product markets). The frequency of generic E. coli (more than $10^2\;CFU/cm^2$) from the slaughterhouse was 20.0%, whereas that of the meat by-product markets was 26.7%. Of the samples from slaughterhouse, 3 (5.0%), 5 (8.3%), and 12 (20.0%) samples were contaminated with Salmonella spp, S. aureus, and C. perfringens, respectively. S. aureus and C. perfringens were also detected in 6 (10.0%) and 25 (41.7%) samples in the meat by-product markets, respectively. Nine of 11 S. aureus isolates harbored toxin gene. However, the cpe gene of C. perfringens was not detected among the 37 isolates. The detection rate was higher in August than in February, April and June. The levels of Cd and Pb in all the samples tended to be low (<0.2 mg/kg). This preliminary data could be used for legislation on the regulation and control of microorganism and heavy metal in by-products of cattle.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.192-206
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• 2021

The pharmaceutical industry is an industry that provides medicines related to the health and life of the people. The pharmaceutical industry is a traditional regulation industry with the characteristics of R&D(Research and Development), purchasing, manufacturing, distribution and consumption under strict government management. Until now, pharmaceutical companies have continued to make efforts to maintain competitiveness through patent management, new product development, and marketing. However, industries are rapidly changing, including rising costs for developing new products and expanding generic markets. As these changes and uncertainties in the management environment increase, efforts are required to improve the competitiveness of the pharmaceutical industry from a new perspective. In this study, we intend to examine the impact of SCM(Supply Chain Management) dynamic capability of pharmaceutical companies on corporate performance through partnerships to respond to market changes and uncertainties. It was determined that the agility, visibility and flexibility that constitutes the SCM dynamic capabilities would affect the performance of pharmaceutical companies. In this study, the importance of SCM dynamic capabilities and cooperative relationships was identified through surveys by SCM managers of pharmaceutical companies. Consequently, in the pharmaceutical industry, which is a regulatory industry, we have identified that SCM dynamic capabilities and cooperative relationships with partner companies have a significant impact on corporate performance.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.103-124
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• 2022

For venturing into international markets, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have not only emphasized internal resources but entrepreneurial orientation has also become the need of the day due to its significant role in increasing firm's competitive capabilities. Although research indicates that the competitive strategies can significantly impact export performance, minor attention is given to the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, business competitive strategy and export performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This study scrutinizes the effect of each dimension of entrepreneurial orientation (i.e., innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness) and each of generic competitive strategies (i.e., cost leadership and differentiation) on the export performance of Chinese SMEs. And we investigated the moderating effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between the competitive strategies and export performance. We surveyed 217 Chinese SMEs through a structured questionnaire. For the data analysis and hypotheses testing, we used AMOS. 27. The findings display that differentiation and cost leadership strategies significantly improve export performance. The innovativeness, risk-taking and proactiveness also spur Chinese SME's export performance. Further we find that adding entrepreneurial orientation significantly improves our model of the relationship between the competitive strategies and export performance. Thus, our study extends the entrepreneurial orientation literature and provides interesting new insights into how entrepreneurial orientation helps firms create more successful export operations.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.496-507
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• 2023

본 연구는 대한민국 온라인 시장에서 판매되는 48개의 새우 제품의 종판별 및 제품 표시 사항 일치 여부를 조사하였다. 사용 원재료의 종 판별을 위해 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I 유전자의 염기서열을 분석하여 NCBI GenBank 및 BOLD system 데이터베이스에 등록된 생물종의 염기서열과 비교하였다. 또한 계통분석을 수행하여 동정된 새우종을 추가로 검증했다. 종판별 결과 총 16종[흰다리새우(Penaeus vannamei, Whiteleg shrimp or Pacific white shrimp), 북쪽분홍새우(Pandalus borealis, Alaskan pink shrimp), 그라비새우(Palaemon gravieri, Chinese ditch prawn), 돗대기새우(Leptochela gracilis, Lesser glass shrimp), 얼룩새우(Penaeus monodon, Giant tiger prawn), 아르헨티나붉은새우(Pleoticus muelleri, Argentine red shrimp), 산모양깔깔새우(Metapenaeopsis dalei, Kishi velvet shrimp), 태평양난바다곤쟁이(Euphausia pacifica, Isada krill), 가시배새우(Lebbeus groenlandicus, Spiny lebbeid), 꽃새우(Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Southern rough shrimp), 진흙새우(Argis lar, Kuro shrimp), 가시발새우(Metanephrops thomsoni, Red-banded lobster), 깔깔새우(Metapenaeopsis barbata, Whiskered velvet shrimp), 긴발딱총새우(Alpheus japonicus, Japanese snapping shrimp), 대하(Penaeus chinensis, Fleshy prawn), 긴뿔민새우(Mierspenaeopsis hardwickii, Spear shrimp)]이 확인되었으며, 흰다리새우(n=22, 45.8%)가 가장 큰 비중을 차지하였다. 일반명 '새우'를 포함하는 35개 제품(72.9%)에서 표시사항과 불일치를 나타내었으며, 일반명(n=30)을 제외할 경우 불일치율은 10.4%로 낮아졌다. 가공 정도별 불일치율은 다중 가공 제품(n=25, 89.3%)이 단순 가공 제품(n=10, 50%)보다 높은 비율을 보였다. 원산지별 분석 결과 특정 국가와 불일치율과의 상관성은 확인할 수 없었다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 새우 제품의 모니터링 수행 및 새우의 국명 표시 개선을 위한 기초자료로 쓰일 수 있을 것이다.