• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.602-619
• /
• 2004

The purposes of this study are to describe the changes of retail environment and general merchandise retail structure in Daejeon Metropolitan City since e distribution market open. At the interval of five years (1996～2001) the rapid increase of large-scale discount stores have had a profound impacts on the retail structure and the spatial retail structure. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the proportion of general merchandise retail has increased in the retail structure. Second, each business type of general merchandise retail has taken different growth pattern, which has been distributed differently. Third, the establishment of general merchandise retail is on the decrease, the annual sale of general merchandise retail is one increase. Moreover the hightest sale region is changed from old-town to new-town. Many more variables like assortment of goods according to the locality should be reflected in the following spatial retail structure research.

• Journal of Distribution Research
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.33-57
• /
• 2005

After 1990's, many multi-level marketing companies lave been introduced in Korea. These MLM companies operate their stores as same way as general retailing stores. The major characteristics of these MLM companys' store is that their main customers are distributors who sell the purchased merchandise to another customers. Many studies about merchandise display in general retailing stores were reported. But, there was less research about merchandise display in these special type stores such as MLM companys' stores. This paper investigates the effects of merchandise display on distributor's merchandise selection in channel flow of multi-level marketing company. For this purpose, we formulated four hypotheses about display variance in quantity, height, location, and related merchandise to analyze the effect of merchandise display methods in MLM companys' stores. The experiment had been proceeded in three stores in a MLM company for 6 weeks and the sales data were collected by POS. The methods to analyze the data were used ANOVA and T-test. Findings of this study are as follows; First, there was no effect to store sale by the interaction effect between merchandise display method and scale of store. Second, scale of store affected considerably the volume of sales of each store according to main effect analysis. Third, display variance in quantity, height, and location did not affect store sale. In the related merchandise display, however, sale in all store was increased. Fourth, in additional analysis considering merchandise display only, display variance in both height and location affected their sale in large scale store. Based on the above results, we may predict merchandise display can affect sale in MLM companys' store as well as general retailing stores. Therefore if MLM company has large scale store, it should consider merchandise display methods in its stores.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.31 no.8
• /
• pp.1310-1320
• /
• 2007

This study investigated the differences in the importance of store characteristics depending on on-line clothing store type and consumer age. The questionnaires were given to female residents in the ages between 20-39 in Seoul and Kyung-gi province during October 2006. The results were summarized as follows: 1. By analyzing the differences in importances of on-line store characteristics factors it was found that buying process service factor and product searching system factor were important in on-line general merchandise store. and buying process service factor and product factor(all the factors, such as store credit, product, screen-displayed design, searching and approaching system, customer management service) were important in on-line specialty store. 2. By analyzing the differences in importances of on-line store characteristics depending on the store type, buying process system such as refund policy, shipping, high-speed payment and rapid searching, screen-displayed design system, approaching and searching system were more important in on-line general merchandise store when comparing to specialty store. It also showed that the consumer considered the reputation of the store and its image more important in on-line general merchandise store. 3. By analyzing the differences in of on-line clothing store importance depending on age, in the case of on-line general merchandise store, it showed that people in their thirties regarded buying process service factor more important than twenties, and when it came to the product and searching system, it was vice versa. Twenties had a tendency to consider the aspect of product important and, relatively, thirties regarded searching and approaching system factor important. in the case of specialty store. It was found that women in their twenties had a tendency to consider product factor more important.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.33-43
• /
• 2008

This study intended to explore trends of furniture sold in general merchandise stores such as Lotte mart, E-mart, GSmart, Home ever, and Home plus, which are run by conglomerates in Korea. Through internet, related books and papers, interviews with the mart-related people, styles, items, prices, manufacturers, and materials of furniture well sold in the marts were researched and analyzed qualitatively. As the result of the analysis, the furniture expressed the scale to be able to put in the cart of the marts, knock-down and folding structure to be easy to disassemble, pack, and move, low prices below one hundred thousand won, the light materials like plastic, aluminum and the more MDF than hard wood. Each item was made of PB reflecting lower prices of 10 to 20 percentage for the consumer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.57 no.7
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2007

This study investigates the differences between the satisfaction factors of store characteristics depending on on-line clothing store type and its satisfaction index. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 software with various techniques such as paired t-test, T-test, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ reliability and factor analysis that use principal component analysis and Varimax orthogonal rotation were used. The results are summarized as follows: 1. By categorizing the level of on-line store characteristics satisfaction depending on its type, clarifies the differences between its satisfaction. The satisfaction rank of general merchandise store was as followed: searching and approaching system, buying process service, screen-displayed design, product, store credit. On the other hand, the satisfaction rank of general store was as followed: screen-displayed design, store credit, buying process service. 2. By analyzing the difference of satisfaction depending on the store type, it was found that general merchandise store was more satisfied with screen-displayed design, approaching and searching, whole payment process, the safety of payment and shipping service, security service when compared to specialty store. It was also found that specialty store was more satisfied with the variety of product, update of rare items, quality and price of product. 3. By analyzing the difference between the type of on-line clothing store satisfaction depending on age, in the case of general merchandise store, the result showed that people in their thirties were more satisfied with buying process service, store credit, customer management system when compared to twenties. In the case of specialty store, the result showed that people in their twenties were more satisfied with customer management service when compared to thirties, and when it came to buying process service, it was vice versa.

• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.101-123
• /
• 2006

The main purpose of this study is to conceptualize and investigate the relationship between customer satisfaction and the linking variables of customer loyalty in internet shopping mall including general merchandise and specialized online mall. To achieve this objective, the study tries to validate the structural equation model and causal relationships among the model's elements involving customer satisfaction, customer trust, customer attitude, relationship involvement, and customer loyalty. The same research model was used in analysing general merchandise and specialized internet shopping mall to reveal and compare the casual path constructs. Empirical findings are as follows: First, all the hypothesis concerned with internet merchandise shopping mall were accepted but the direct effects between satisfaction $\Rightarrow$ loyalty and satisfaction $\Rightarrow$ attitude rejected in case of specialized internet shopping mall. Second, I found out that there were direct or indirect relationships between the mediating variables(satisfaction, attitude, involvement) and site trust and customer loyalty irrespective of internet shopping site patterns. In Particular, the direct effects of on customer loyalty showed the difference each other, but the indirect effects through satisfaction, attitude, or relationship involvement were all accepted. This means that the proper management concerned with indirect path is probably more important for the success of all kinds of internet shopping mall. The implications of this research may be summarized as follows. First, click and mortar companies should clearly understand and articulate the key requirements of shopping mall trust and satisfaction. Second, online companies are encouraged to establish linkage including trust, positive attitude, relationship involvement in order to foster customer loyalty. Third, companies are not only required to differentiate the internet marketing strategy adapting to the patterns of internet shopping mall but also to customize the interaction strategy in the formation process of customer loyalty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.29 no.3_4 s.141
• /
• pp.491-501
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop clothing shopping orientation(CSO) scales fer more specific clothing shopping aspects. The specific aspects were the merchandise-related aspect and the store-related aspect. The two specific scales were developed based on the conceptual structure model of CSO and the general CSO scale. 16 items were selected for merchandise-related CSO, and 16 items were far store-related CSO. In addition, construct validity and convergent validity of those two specific scales were verified using AMOS 4.0, and discriminant validity were verified using Pearson's correlation. This study has significance in offering an advanced approach to the measurement of CSO.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.6 no.6
• /
• pp.957-963
• /
• 2011

This paper proposes a way to visualize the cyber space with respect to the offline space. In general, people have difficulties to understand the cyber space since it is not tangible and not visible. In businesses, both spaces depend on identical proposition of "salse of merchandise goods to customers". Here, 3 merchandise elements of "customers", "merchandise goods" and "salse" in the cyber space are compared to them in the offline spaces in order to visualize the cyber space in terms of businesses.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.23-49
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among customer satisfaction, trust, and loyalty and examine the differences and similarities between specialized and general merchandise internet shopping malls concerning the relationships of these key success factors. The structural model is tested with each of the sub-samples(i.e., specialized and general merchandise shopping customers taken separately) and the data from entire data samples(i.e., specialized and general merchandise shopping customers pooled together). The same research model was used in analysing general merchandise, specialized, and integrated internet shopping mall to reveal and compare the casual path constructs. In the analysis of path coefficients composed of separated taken sample, all research hypothesis is accepted and the model's goodness of fit also shows all high. In the basis of the previous empirical test, multiple sample method was used. Properties of the causal paths, including standardized path coefficients, the significance of difference, latent correlations and variance explained for satisfaction, trust and loyalty in the hypothesized model, have similarities in general. This means that the proper structural management concerned with customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty is very crucial for the success of all kinds of internet shopping malls. Following the model test, I conduct a test of integrated model's path coefficients. Statistical results show that all the hypothesis concerned with internet shopping malls were accepted like the separated sample test. Click and mortar companies should clearly understand and articulate the key requirements of shopping mall satisfaction, trust and loyalty and encourage to establish linkage and interactive relationship among the research variables. In addition, internet marketers are required to customize the interaction considering and adapting the patterns of internet shopping malls. Other interesting results concerning the strategies in internet shopping malls strategy are also presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.15 no.3 s.39
• /
• pp.251-262
• /
• 1991

The roles of fashion merchandisers (merchandise managers) in women's apparel industry and their perceptions of the job requirements as a fashion merchandiser were investigated to understand present fashion merchandising activities in the industry and suggest desirable roles of fashion merchandiser for further development of the industry. The research questionnaires were administered to fashion merchandisers working in the ten national brand women's apparel firms. The results of the study were as follows . 1. Annual sales volumes of most surveyed firms were more than five billions won and eight out of ten surveyed firms have fashion merchandisers in their firms. 2. Fashion merchandisers worked at a specific brand merchandising division sales and operations division or merchandise planning division. A fashion merchandiser generally supervised one brand. 3. Fashion merchandiser's work experience ranged from four to fifteen years showing a great deal of experience in the apparel industry. Their majors at university were mostly business and few majored in clothing and textiles, or textiles. 4. In general, the role of fashion merchandiser was a management specialist who was responsible for identifying target markets analyzing fashion trends, planning of the merchandise development budget planning, manufacturing planning, selling, advertising and sales promotion and distributing the merchandise. At some firms fashion merchandi-sers were not responsible for advertising, display, and receiving the orders. 5. Surveyed fashion merchandisers perceived the desirable fashion merchandiser's role as a management specialist conducting overall business activities in the areas of merchandise planning, manufacturing, selling and distribution. They also mentioned the following personal characteristics such as vision leadership, and persuasion as desirable characteri-stics for those who aspire to a career in fashion merchandising. 6. Surveyed fashion merchandisers emphasized relevant and realistic experiences in fashion merchandising education. Several ways were suggested to help the educator keep in touch with business and bring reality to students. They are . field work, bringing professionals into the classroom to speak to the students, emphasizing clothing and textiles education including merchandising area, and establishing a Department of Fashion Merchandising.