• Title/Summary/Keyword: general management

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Role of Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Gastric Carcinoma Management (재발성 또는 국소진행된 위암의 방사선치료 -35예의 치료성적 분석)

  • Yoon Sei Chul;Oho Yoon Kyeoung;Shinn Kyeong Sub;Bahk Yong Whee;Kim In Chul;Lee Kyung Sik
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.41-47
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    • 1988
  • Thirty-five patients with locally advanced gastric carcinoma were treated with combined modalities of external radiation therapy (RT) and 5-FU based chemotherapy at the Division of Radiation Therapy, Department of Radiology, Kangnam 51. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College from May 1983 to May 1987. The purpose of this retrospective study is for the evaluation of the palliative response to RT. There were 25 men and 10 women. The age ranged from 38 to 80 years (median: 56 years). The pathologic classification showed $14(40\%)$ poorly differentiated, $12 (34\%)$ moderately differentiated, $3(9\%)$ well differentiated adenocarcinomas, 2 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, 1 signet ring cell and 3 not specified ones. The time intervals from the initial surgicopathologic diagnosis to the starting day of RT was within 1 year for $18 (51\%)$, 1 to 2 years for $8 (23\%)$ and 2 to 3 years for $5 (14\%)$, respectively. The major symptoms to be treated were pain in $30 (80\%)$, mass for $29 (83\%)$, obstruction for $11 (31\%)$ and jaundice for $9 (20\%)$ patients. The response rate (patient number of positive response/total patient number) according to treated radiation doses were observed as follows; $14/16(88\%)$ for $40\~50Gy,\;8/10(80\%)$ for over $50Gy,6/8 (75\%)\;for\;30\~40Gy\;and\;8/10(53\%)\;for\;20\~30 Gy$ in decreasing order. The over ail survival was 3.0 months and that of 5FU+RT, FAM+RT and RT alone groups were 4.6 months, 3.7 months and 2.5 months respectively. Complications induced by RT were nausea and vomiting in $16(46\%)$, diarrhea in $7(20\%)$, leukopenia in $6(17\%)$ and anemia and intercurrent pneumonia in each $3(9\%)$ patients in decreasing order.

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A Study on the Analysis and Efficiency of Police Budget (경찰의 예산분석 및 효율화 방안에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Jong-Seung;Kim, Chang-Yun
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.38
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    • pp.7-32
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    • 2014
  • This study is aimed to analyze problems of police budgetary execution and to suggest better ways for establishing effective budget implementation as well as legitimacy of securing budget in the field of police work. For this purpose, this paper analyzed the annual reports on police budgetary execution, from 2009 to 2012, conducted by National Assembly Budget Office. In result, most parts of the police budgetary execution were not satisfied with the audit standard, and especially in terms of management of budgetary execution, it showed 40% in inappropriateness. In addition, excessive and underestimate appropriation in the police budgetary execution, which happened frequently in other offices, was recorded on the second place. 10% of the amount of budget was executed for ordinance violence. Given results analyzed from each division, Transportation Division occupied 40% of the amount of related problems and all of types in the field did not meet the audit standard, thus it is required to manage budgetary execution effectively. In terms of Public Safety Division, the problem was related to budgetary allocation prior to execution, such as overlap in other works, excessive and underestimate appropriation, and inappropriate business plans. Director General for Planning and Coordination did not meet the standard of law system maintenance, Given the light of the result of analyzing programs, traffic safety and securing communication was the most problematic and support for police administration, crime prevention and protecting the disadvantaged, educating professional police officers, and establishment of policing infrastructure were required to be reformed in sequence. In order to resolve these problems, it is demanded to check budgetary execution and the process in business plans on a regular basis. Additionally, in case of using budget in inappropriate parts, tough penality including reduction of budget in related to the local police should be implemented to increase the importance of budgetary execution. Moreover, because of the fact that a part of problem of budgetary execution was originally caused by the budgetary allocation, it is advised to allocate police budget using the budget proposal of National Finance Act and Ministry of Strategy and Finance.

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CT Measurement of Diameter and Dimension of the Trachea in Normal Korean Adults (흥부 전산화단층촬영을 이용한 한국성인의 기관내경과 단면적의 측정)

  • Han, Jae-Youl;Kim, Kwang-Ho;Lee, Gun;Kim, Hyung-Jin;Cho, Soon-Koo;Sun, Kyung
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.34 no.7
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    • pp.534-538
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    • 2001
  • Background: Knowledge of size and morphology of the normal trachea is important for airway management and tracheal reconstruction. Conventional radiography is a simple method used to measure the tracheal diameter, but it is not accurate because of the artifacts related to image magnification and overlapping by the shoulder. The purpose of this study was to provide the normal values of the tracheal size and anatomy in Korean adults using Computerized Topography. Material and Method: There were 43 men and 34 women included in this study. They were divided into three age groups(group 1, 20-39 years ; group 2, 40-59 yeas , groups 3, $\geq$60 years). The anteroposterior and transverse diameters and cross - sectional areas of the trachea were measured at the level of the thoracic inlet(Level 1) and the aortic arch(Level 2). These values obtained at each level were compared between age groups and sexes. Result: In 43 men, the anteroposterior / transverse diameters(mean SD in millimeters) of the trachea at levels 1 and 2 were 19.95$\pm$2.99 / 17.72$\pm$2.13 and 19.77$\pm$2.57 / 18.02$\pm$2.19, respectively. In 34 women, those values at levels 1 and 2 were 15.56$\pm$2.12 / 14.18$\pm$2.07 and 15.35$\pm$1.82 / 15.00$\pm$1.60, respectively. At both levels, the anteroposterior and transverse diameters were significantly greater in men than in women (p<0.05). The cross-sectional area of the trachea at levels 1 and 2 were 279.14$\pm$61.37 / 281.93$\pm$63.97 $\textrm{mm}^2$ in men and 173.29$\pm$35.81 / 181.88$\pm$34.74 in women, respectively. They also showed significantly greater values in men than in women(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in diameters and cross-sectional areas of the trachea between age groups. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the internal diameter and cross- sectional area of the trachea between men and women in normal Korean adults, while the age difference was insignificant. We believed CT is a relatively accurate and safe way to measure the internal diameter and cross-sectional areas of the trachea.

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Cryosurgery of Lung with 2.4 mm Cryoprobe: An Experimental in vivo Study of the Cryosurgery in Canine Model (냉동침을 이용한 폐 냉동수술의 동물실험: 냉동수술 방법의 비교 실험)

  • Kim Kwang-Taik;Chung Bong-Kyu;Lee Sung-Ho;Cho Jong-Ho;Son Ho-Sung;Fang Young-Ho;Sun Kyung;Park Sung-Min
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.39 no.7 s.264
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    • pp.520-526
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    • 2006
  • Background: The clinical application of cryosurgery the management of lung cancer is limited because the response of lung at low temperature is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the response of the pulmonary tissue at extreme low temperature. Material and Method: After general anesthesia the lungs of twelve Mongrel dogs were exposed through the fifth intercostal space. Cryosurgical probe (Galil Medical, Israel) with diameter 2.4 mm were placed into the lung 20 mm deep and four thermosensors (T1-4) were inserted at 5 mm intervals from the cryoprobe. The animals were divided into group A (n=8) and group B (n=4). In group A the temperature of the cryoprobe was decreased to $-120^{\circ}C$ and maintained for 20 minutes. After 5 minutes of thawing this freezing cycle was repeated. In group B same freezing temperature was maintained for 40 minutes continuously without thawing. The lungs were removed for microscopic examination on f day after the cryosurgery. In four dogs of the group A the lung was removed 7 days after the cryosurgery to examine the delayed changes of the cryoinjured tissue, Result: In group A the temperatures of T1 and T2 were decreased to the $4.1{\pm}11^{\circ}C\;and\;31{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ respectively in first freezing cycle. During the second freezing period the temperatures of the thermosensors were decreased lower than the temperature during the first freezing time: $T1\;-56.4{\pm}9.7^{\circ}C,\;T2\;-18.4{\pm}14.2^{\circ}C,\;T3\;18.5{\pm}9.4^{\circ}C\;and\;T4\;35.9{\pm}2.9^{\circ}C$. Comparing the temperature-distance graph of the first cycle to that of the second cycle revealed the changes of temperature-distance relationship from curve to linear. In group B the temperatures of thermosensors were decreased and maintained throughout the 40 minutes of freezing. On light microscopy, hemorrhagic infarctions of diameter $18.6{\pm}6.4mm$ were found in group A. The infarction size was $14{\pm}3mm$ in group B. No viable cell was found within the infarction area. Conclusion: The conductivity of the lung is changed during the thawing period resulting further decrease in temperature of the lung tissue during the second freezing cycle and expanding the area of cell destruction.

Present Conditions of Mental Health Care in Rural Areas: Community Mental Health Program of Public Health Center (농촌지역 정신보건관리실태: 보건소 지역사회정신보건사업)

  • Lee, Weon-Young;Kim, Dong-Moon
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2003
  • Objectives: This paper introduces need and supply level of rural mental health care service and especially focuses on the evaluation for the community mental health programs of Public Health Centers(PHCs) in rural areas as the facilities for primary mental health care. Methods: We defined the need as prevalance rate and service utilization rate, for which reviewed the results of the epidemiological study of mental disorders using Korean Composite International Diagnostic Interview surveyed on a nationwide scale in 2001. Supply was appraised in terms of psychiatric beds and primary mental heath care facilities such as private psychiatric clinics, facilities for social rehabilitation, PHCs running community mental health programs. For this, we reveiwed a variety of annual reports related mental health published by Ministry of Health and Welfare. To evaluate the community mental health programs of PHCs in rural areas, we selected. randomly samples out of the 3rd community health plans including the contents of community mental health programs, which submitted by 89 rural counties and 44 cities mixed with rural areas, and used the program's guideline established by central government as a standard. Results: Prevalence rates of major psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, alcoholism, major depression, anxiety disorder were higher in rural area than in urban area and 8.9% of psychiatric patients in both areas stayed at homes contacted with mental health manpower more than one time during the last year. Psychiatric beds were sufficiently supplied, but urban area had less beds than rural area contrary to general health care service. Psychiatric clinics were supplied very insufficiently in rural areas and PHCs bridged the gap instead. However rural PHCs got less financial support for community mental health programs from higher positioned agencies than urban PHCs. Rural community health programs not supported hardly worked out. Conclusions: Central government should consider a special policy for rural primary mental health care, because private psychiatric clinics can't be introduced in rural areas due to demand-deficiency and the financial independence of rural counties was very vulnerable.

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A Survey on the Workplace Environment and Personal Protective Equipment of Poultry Farmers (양계 농업인의 작업장 환경 및 개인보호구 착용 실태조사)

  • Kim, Insoo;Kim, Kyung-Ran;Lee, Kyung-Suk;Chae, Hye-Seon;Kim, Sungwoo
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.40 no.6
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    • pp.454-468
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    • 2014
  • Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the actual condition of the farm work environment and personal protective equipment as part of the effort to improve livestock work for the safety and health of poultry farmers and provide basic data for establishing plans to improve and develop personal protective equipment. Methods: For this purpose, a questionnaire survey on general information about stables, the poultry work environment, accidents, the wearing of work clothes and personal protective equipment, and the level of awareness related to personal protective equipment was conducted among 148 poultry farmers. Results: As a result, it was found that poultry workplace environment was exposed to such risks as fine dusts; organic dusts; poisonous gases; odorous substances; chicken excrement; contact with chickens, bacteria or viruses; and accidents related to machine operation. Thirteen percent of respondents suffered severe respiratory diseases, and the most frequently injured sites due to accidents were the hands (25.7%), knees (23.8%), arms (17.3%), and head (10.9%). The most frequent type of accident was collisions between the body and obstacles or machinery during movement (36.4%), followed by erroneous machine operation such as feeders and electric shocks (8.5%). Regarding the wearing of work clothes and personal protective equipment, 51.7% of the respondents wore worn-out clothing or everyday clothes, whereas only 32.0% wore work clothes. The percentage of farmers who wore proper protective equipment for the work environment during poultry work was 48.4%. The most frequently used type of protective equipment was boots (38.9%), followed by mask (36.7%), gloves (36.3%), appropriate work clothes (22.6%), quarantine clothes (17.6%), helmets (13.4%), and goggles (12.6%). The rate of wearing goggles was low because they were considered inconvenient and lowered work efficiency. Furthermore, they purchased everyday products available on the market for their personal protective equipment which were not appropriate for maintaining safety in an actual harmful environment and its consequent risks. As a result of the survey of the awareness level related to personal protective equipment, their levels of awareness of accidents and attitude proved to be average or higher, but the practice of wearing protective equipment and the level of knowledge and management of personal protective equipment were lower. Conclusion: This survey found that the wearing status of personal protective equipment among poultry farmers was insufficient even though they were exposed to risks. Most respondents were aware of the necessity of wearing personal protective equipment and of the potential for accidents, but they did not wear proper protective equipment. Their wearing rate was low due to a lack of knowledge about protective equipment, as well as the inconvenience of wearing it. Therefore there is a need to improve and develop specialized personal protective equipment for respiration, hands, and eyes, as well as work clothes that can protect farmers from major harmful matter that is generated in the poultry workplace. Based on the results of this investigation, we will conduct further studies on the required performance and design directions of personal protective equipment while collecting more objective data through field-oriented assessments.

A Qualitative Study on Facilitating Factors of User-Created Contents: Based on Theories of Folklore (사용자 제작 콘텐츠의 활성화 요인에 대한 정성적 연구: 구비문학 이론을 중심으로)

  • Jung, Seung-Ki;Lee, Ki-Ho;Lee, In-Seong;Kim, Jin-Woo
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.43-72
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    • 2009
  • Recently, user-created content (UCC) have emerged as popular medium of on-line participation among users. The Internet environment has been constantly evolving, attracting active participation and information sharing among common users. This tendency is a significant deviation from the earlier Internet use as an one-way information channel through which users passively received information or contents from contents providers. Thanks to UCCs online users can now more freely generate and exchange contents; therefore, identifying the critical factors that affect content-generating activities has increasingly become an important issue. This paper proposes a set of critical factors for stimulating contents generation and sharing activities by Internet users. These factors were derived from the theories of folklores such as tales and songs. Based on some shared traits of folklores and UCC content, we found four critical elements which should be heeded in constructing UCC contents, which are: context of culture, context of situation, skill of generator, and response of audience. In addition, we selected three major UCC websites: a specialized contents portal, a general internet portal, and an official contents service site, They have different use environments, user interfaces, and service policies, To identify critical factors for generating, sharing and transferring UCC, we traced user activities, interactions and flows of content in the three UCC websites. Moreover, we conducted extensive interviews with users and operators as well as policy makers in each site. Based on qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data, this research identifies nine critical factors that facilitate contents generation and sharing activities among users. In the context of culture, we suggest voluntary community norms, proactive use of copyrights, strong user relationships, and a fair monetary reward system as critical elements in facilitating the process of contents generation and sharing activities. Norms which were established by users themselves regulate user behavior and influence content format. Strong relationships of users stimulate content generation activities by enhancing collaborative content generation. Particularly, users generate contents through collaboration with others, based on their enhanced relationship and specialized skills. They send and receive contents by leaving messages on website or blogs, using instant messenger or SMS. It is an interesting and important phenomenon, because the quality of contents can be constantly improved and revised, depending on the specialized abilities of those engaged in a particular content. In this process, the reward system is an essential driving factor. Yet, monetary reward should be considered only after some fair criterion is established. In terms of the context of the situation, the quality of contents uploading system was proposed to have strong influence on the content generating activities. Among other influential factors on contents generation activities are generators' specialized skills and involvement of the users were proposed. In addition, the audience response, especially effective development of shared interests as well as feedback, was suggested to have significant influence on contents generation activities. Content generators usually reflect the shared interest of others. Shared interest is a distinct characteristic of UCC and observed in all the three websites, in which common interest is formed by the "threads" embedded with content. Through such threads of information and contents users discuss and share ideas while continuously extending and updating shared contents in the process. Evidently, UCC is a new paradigm representing the next generation of the Internet. In order to fully utilize this innovative paradigm, we need to understand how users take advantage of this medium in generating contents, and what affects their content generation activities. Based on these findings, UCC service providers should design their websites as common playground where users freely interact and share their common interests. As such this paper makes an important first step to gaining better understand about this new communication paradigm created by UCC.

The Effect of Social Network on Information Sharing in Franchise System (프랜차이즈시스템의 사회연결망 특성이 정보공유에 미치는 영향)

  • Yun, Han-Sung;Bae, Sang-Wook;Noh, Jung-Koo
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.95-118
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is as follows. First, we investigate empirically the effects of social network properties such as social network density and centrality of a franchisee on its information sharing with various subjects such as the franchisor and other franchisees in the franchise system. Second, we examine exploratively if tie strength between a franchisee and its franchisor plays a moderating role on the relationship between social network properties and information sharing. The study model was established as shown in

    . We gathered 200 data from franchisees in Busan through a questionnaire survey and used 189 data for our purpose. To improve the quality of data, we selected respondents from the franchisees' owners or managers that had contacted often with their franchisor and other franchisees in the franchise system. Our data analysis began with reliability analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, on the multi-item measures of social network density, social network centrality, tie strength, information sharing and control variables such as shared goals and ownership to assess the reliability and validity of those measures. The results were shown that the presented values satisfied the general criteria for reliability and validity. We tested our hypotheses using a hierarchical multiple regression analysis in four steps. Model 1 regressed the dependent variable(information sharing) only on control variables(shared goals, ownership). Model 2 added main effect variables(social network density, social network centrality) in Model 1. Model 3 added a moderating variable(tie strength) in Model 2. Finally, Model 4 added interaction terms between the main variables and the moderating variable in Model 3. We used a mean-centering method for the main variables and the moderating variable to minimize the multicollinearity problem due to the interaction terms in Model 4. Two important empirical findings emerge from this study. In other words, the effects of social network properties and tie strength on a franchisee's information sharing depend on subject types such as the franchisor and other franchisees in franchise system. First, social network centrality, tie strength, the interaction between social network density and tie strength and the interaction between social network centrality and tie strength all affect significantly a franchisee's information sharing with its franchisor. By the way, the interaction between social network centrality and tie strength has a negative effect on its information sharing while the interaction of social network density and tie strength has a positive effect on its information sharing. Second, both social network centrality affects significantly and directly a franchisee's information sharing with other franchisees in the franchise system. However, there does not exist the moderating role of tie strength in the second case. Finally, we suggest the implications of our findings and some avenues for future research.

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A study on an evaluation model for industrial information systems by industry sectors (업종별 특성을 고려한 기업정보화 성숙모형)

  • 진경수;임춘성;박찬권
    • Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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    • 2002.01a
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    • pp.86-106
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    • 2002
  • Informatization is a process that corporation's external environmental factors and internal environmental factors influence as complex. is a phenomenon that appears via this process. To evaluate that informatization was propeled well or informatization level is high can be dangerous work extremely by only once-over-lightly some factors, organization information ability is superior or infrastructure is constructed well. Therefore, an evaluation for industrial information systems that consider corporation's external environment and internal environment configurationally and objective estimation through this is required in national dimension. This research sorted types of business using types of business classification of 2001 EIII(Evaluation Indices of Industrial Informatization) laying stress on corporation's product and product production process for reflecting various industrial classification. And we are dividing whole our country corporations by manufacture industry, the construction industry, distribution industry, service industry, banking industry 5 types of business. To see such classed types industry classification from consistent viewpoint, we saw them within new framework, purchase, operation, physical distribution, marketing and sale. service etc. laying stress on primary businesses except support businesses of planning, financial management etc. To draw special quality of business center from primary business of each types of business, we draw industry classification Key Capability that centers when plans corporation's corporate strategy and information strategy. And we deducted industrial classification key production business connected with industry classification Key Capability. After drawing an evaluation items for industrial information systems in informatization analysis viewpoint laying stress on drawn businesses. Finally we did Case Study by making out an evaluation for industrial information systems questionnaire that considers special quality of manufacturing industry. Through EIII that consider the industrial classification, we could know that it explains the corporation's purchase, production, distribution in general and detail.

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Introduction of a System for a Sustainable Ecotourism and International Cooperation - Focusing on the Korea-China-Japan Ecotourism Certification/Designation System - (생태관광의 지속가능성 확보를 위한 제도 도입 및 국제협력방안 - 한·중·일 생태관광 인증/지정제도를 중심으로 -)

  • Choi, Hee-Sun;Kim, Hyun-Ae
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.40 no.6
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    • pp.13-22
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to establish ecotourism as an introduction to sustainability and international cooperation. As a plan to retain the original meaning of ecotourism, the introduction of a program to certify/designateecotourism is being vitalized in many countries around the world. In Korea as well, an agenda to the introduction of an "Ecotourism Designation System,"which aims to ensure the quality of ecotourism at a certain level, was submitted by the Ministry of Environment to the National Assembly in June 2011, and the promotion for a demonstration program is planned this year to introduce the system. Japan has been carrying out the certification systems Good Eco-tour, which certifies the sustainability of ecotourism providers and accommodations since 2006, respectively, and has been securing the sustainability of ecotourism by enactment in 2008, as the world's first law to promote ecotourism. And the second general conference of the first Global Partnership for Sustainable Tourism(GPST) was held in Korea in March 2012, particularly, there was an agreement that the promotion of Asia and the Pacific Area Network for sustainable tourism would center around Korea, and accordingly, it is expected that Korea's status as a core country for ecotourism in the Asia-Pacific Area will increase. While the demand for an approach to natural resources is rapidly increasing, we should be active in providing an institutional strategy such as a designation system to secure the sustainability of ecotourism and seeking a plan for cooperation and network vitalization in the Asia-Pacific Area where similar natural resources and cultures are shared.