• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1993년도 제1회 추계심포지움 and 제2회 생리분자과학연구센터워크숍
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• pp.39-40
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• 1993

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)is a member of the Hepadna virus family whose members share a characteristic virion structure and genome size, around 3.2kb in a paritially double-stranded form. The genome of HBV contains four overlapping open reading frames designated as P(polymerase). C(core), S(surface antigen)and X. The X gene has potential to encode 154 amino acids protein.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2017

tWith the development of the third-generation gene scissors, CRISPR-Cas9, concerns are being raised about ethical and social repercussions of the new gene-editing technology. In this situation, this article explores the legislation and interpretation of the positive laws in South Korea. The BioAct does not specify and regulate 'gene editing' itself. However, assuming that genetic editing is used in the process of research and treatment, we can look to the specific details of the regulations for research on humans as well as gene therapy research in order to see how genetic editing is regulated under the BioAct. BioAct differentiates the regulation between (born) humans and embryos etc. and the regulation differ entirely in the manner and scope. Moreover, due to the fact that gene therapy products are regarded as drugs, they fall under different regulations. The Korean Pharmacopoeia Act put stringent sanctions on clinical trials for gene therapy products and the official Notification "Approval and Examination Regulations for Biological Products, etc." by Food and Drug Safety Administration may be applied to gene editing for gene therapy purposes.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.248-256
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• 2008

본 연구는 축산물 유래 L. monocytogenes에 대한 역학적 연구로서 분리균의 hemolysin(LLO) 및 lecithinase(LCP)생산성, Congo red dye(CRA)흡수성 및 hemolysin activity를 조사하는 한편 inlA, inlBV, actA, hlyA, plcA 및 plcB의 virulence gene을 PCR법으로 분석하였다. LLO, LCP 및 CRA의 양성률은 L. monocytogenes의 경우 68균주 중 각각 100%, 94.1% 및 77.9%이었고, L. ivanovii와 L. seeligeri를 제외한 다른 Listeria spp.(L. innocua, L. gray, L. murrayi, L. welchimeri)는 음성이었다. LLO와 LCP간에는 통계적인 유의성은 없었으나 CRA는 약간 낮게 나타났으며(p<0.05), serotype 1/2b 및 4b 간에도 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 면양적혈구에 대한 용혈성(MHU)에서 L. monocytogenes의 경우 2배에서 16배까지 다양한 반응을 보였으나 L. ivanovii와 L. seeligeri를 제외한 다른 Listeria spp.는 음성이었다. hemolysin activity(HU)는 L. monocytogenes의 경우 대부분의 균주가 1.0 HU/mg 이상이었으나 다른 Listeria spp.는 대부분 0.04 HU/mg 이하였다. PCR 증폭하여 virulence gene을 분석한 결과 모든 L. monocytogenes는 각기 예상한 크기의 PCR 증폭산물이 검출되어 hlyA, plcA, plcB, inlA 및 inlB gene을 보유하고 있음이 확인되었으나 다른 Listeria spp.는 어떠한 증폭산물도 보이지 않았다. 또한 actA gene에 대한 증폭산물은 385bp와 268bp 크기의 2종류로 각각 57.4%와 42.6%의 분포를 나타내었다. actA gene의 size 분포에서 국내산 쇠고기, 닭고기, 유가공장에서는 큰 size가 많았는데 반하여 미국산 수입쇠고기에서는 작은 size가 많은 것으로 나타났다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.22-25
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• 2006

The gene encoding MPB83 from Mycobacterium bovis Vallee111 chromosomal DNA was amplified by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and the PCR product was approximately 600bp DNA segment. Using T-A cloning technique, the PCR product was cloned into pGEM-T vector and the cloning plasmid pGEM-T-83 was constructed successfully. pGEM-T-83 and pET28a(+) were digested by BamHI and EcoRI double enzymes. The purified MPB83 gene was subcloned into the expression vector pET28a(+), and the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-83 was constructed. Plasmid containing pET28a-83 was transformed into competence Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The bacterium was induced by isopropyl-$\beta$-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and its lysates were loaded directly onto sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), approximately 26 kDa exogenous protein was observed on the SDS-PAGE. The protein was analyzed using Western-blotting. The results indicated that the protein was of antigenic activity of M. bovis. The results were expected to lay foundation for further studies on the subunit vaccine and DNA vaccine of MPB83 gene in their prevention against bovine tuberculosis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.256-263
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• 1994

The aceB gene, encoding for malate synthase, one of the key enzymes of glyoxylate bypass, was isolated from a pMT1-based Corynebacterium glutamicum gene library via complementation of an Escherichia coli aceB mutant on an acetate minimal medium. The aceB gene was closely linked to aceA, separated by 598 base pairs, and transcribed in divergent direction. The aceB expressed a protein product of Mr 83, 000 in Corynebacterium glutamicum which was unusually large compared with those of other malate synthases. A DNA-sequence analysis of the cloned DNA identified an open-reading frame of 2, 217 base pairs which encodes a protein with the molecular weight of 82, 311 comprising 739 aminoo acids. The putative protein product showed only limited amino acid-sequence homology to its counteliparts in other organisms. The N-terminal region of the protein, which shows no apparent homology with the known sequences of other malate synthases, appeared to be responsible for the protein s unusually large size. A potential calciumbinding domain of EF-hand structure found among eukaryotes was detected in the N-terminal region of the deduced protein.

• BMB Reports
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.292-295
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• 1997

Exposure of seedling of rice (Oriza sativa cv.Dongin) to cold stress ($6^{circ}C$, 7day) induced differential gene expression. Differentially expressed polyadenylated RNA induced by low temperature were isolated and identified from the leaves of rice (Oriza sativa cv.Dongin) seedling by using the technique, differential display of reverse transcription through polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR). Four bands of cDNAs were differentially displayed on the PAGE gel through DDRT-PCR, and among them three bands were those of overexpressed genes while one band was of an underexpressed gene One of the overexpressed cDNA was characterized. The size of the DDRT-PCR product was found to be about 200 bp. The sequence of the cloned DNA was compared with those of GenBank through a BLAST E-Mail server, and it was found to have no homologies in the nucleotide sequence with that of any known DNA: therefore, it was designated as RC101 The expression of the cold-stress induced-gene, RC101, was sustained with Northern Blot analysis by using the cloned DDRT-PCR product as a probe.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.354-359
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• 2005

Open reading frame 29 (ha29) is a gene specific for Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearSNPV). Sequence analyses showed that the transcription factor Tfb2 motif, bromodomain and Half-A-TPR (HAT) repeat were present at aa 66-82, 4-76, 55-90 of the Ha29 protein respectively. The product of Ha29 was detected in HearSNPV-infected HzAM1 cells at 3 h post-infection. Western blot analysis using a polyclonal antibody produced by immunizing a rabbit with purified GST-Ha29 fusion protein indicates that Ha29 is an early gene. The size of Ha29 product in infected HzAM1 cells was about 25 kDa, which was larger than the presumed size of 20.4 kDa. Tunicamycin treatment of HearSNPV-infected HzAM1 cells suggested that the Ha29 protein is N-glycosylated. Fluorescent confocal laser scanning microscope examination, and Western blot analysis of purified budded virus (BVs), occlusion-derived virus (ODVs), cell nuclear and cytoplasmic fraction, showed that the Ha29 protein was localized in the nucleus. Our results suggested that ha29 of HearSNPV encodes a non-structurally functional protein that may be associated with virus gene transcription in Helicoverpa hosts.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 1992

The doxorubicin resistance locus from Streptomyces peucetius subsp. caesius (the doxorubicin producer, ATCC 27952) has been cloned. The sequence data over 4.4 kb regions reveals the presence of four possible open reading frames (ORFs). ORF2 and ORF3 would encode proteins containing 329 and 283 amino acids, respectively. The protein encoded by ORF2 has two almost identical ATP binding domains with p-glycoprotein, the product of a multidrug resistance gene from tumor cells, and that encoded by ORF3 has several hydrophobic domains suggesting that it is located in the bacterial membrane. These two remarkable similarities of the gene product to p-glycoprotein of mammalian tumor cells suggest that the two proteins may enable bacteria to extrude a variety of toxic agents, including daunorubicin and doxorubicin, by an ATP dependent efflux mechanism analogous to the multidurg resistance protein of cancer cells.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1517-1529
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• 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the phylogenetic and expression analysis of the angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) gene family and their role in lipid metabolism in pigs. Methods: In this study, the amino acid sequence analysis, phylogenetic analysis, and chromosome adjacent gene analysis were performed to identify the ANGPTL gene family in pigs. According to the body weight data from 60 Jinhua pigs, different tissues of 6 pigs with average body weight were used to determine the expression profile of ANGPTL1-8. The ileum, subcutaneous fat, and liver of 8 pigs with distinct fatness were selected to analyze the gene expression of ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8. Results: The sequence length of ANGPTLs in pigs was between 1,186 and 1,991 bp, and the pig ANGPTL family members shared common features with human homologous genes, including the high similarity of the amino acid sequence and chromosome flanking genes. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that ANGPTL1-7 had a highly conserved domain except for ANGPTL8. Phylogenetic analysis showed that each ANGPTL homologous gene shared a common origin. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that ANGPTL family members had different expression patterns in different tissues. ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 were mainly expressed in the liver, while ANGPTL4 was expressed in many other tissues, such as the intestine and subcutaneous fat. The expression levels of ANGPTL3 in the liver and ANGPTL4 in the liver, intestine and subcutaneous fat of Jinhua pigs with low propensity for adipogenesis were significantly higher than those of high propensity for adipogenesis. Conclusion: These results increase our knowledge about the biological role of the ANGPTL family in this important economic species, it will also help to better understand the role of ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8 in lipid metabolism of pigs, and provide innovative ideas for developing strategies to improve meat quality of pigs.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

Plant flavonoids possess anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. Although the action mechanisms are not fully understood, recent studies have clearly shown that certain flavonoids, especially flavone derivatives, express their anti-inflammatory activity at least in part by modulation of proinflammatory gene expression such as cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and various cytokines. This review summarizes the recent findings of flavonoids modulating expression of proinflammatory molecules.