• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.20 no.3 s.57
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• pp.10-16
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• 2005

Chestnut bark extract by methanol repressed the expression of tyrosinase gene of B16 mouse melanoma cell containing tyrosinase promoter. $10{\mu}g/ml{\ell}\;100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $1mg/m{\ell}$ of the extract repressed expression of tyrosinase gene about $38\%,\;47\%,\;and\;78\%$, respectively, compared with control. In the MTT assay, the same extract exhibited very low cytotoxicity at $1{\mu}g/m{\ell},\;10{\mu}g/m{\ell},\;100{\mu}g/m{\ell},\;and\;1mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. The fractions of Methylene chloride and ethyl acetate did not showed the repressive effect on the expression of tyrosinase gene, but the fraction of butyl alcohol repressed highly at $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}\;and\;100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.367-370
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• 2005

The risk from genetically modified (GM) plants results from the possibility of gene contamination producing adverse effects on biological diversity by introducing herbicide or insect resistance into related plants or weeds (NAS 2002). The concern about the leakage of genes from GM plants into the environment has primarily focused on pollen that could be wind-borne for long distances. During the period of fisk assessment in Japan, physical containment is applied as a measure of reducing gene flow via the dispersal of pollen from GM plants into the surrounding environment In this study, we tried to estimate the effect of physically contained greenhouse covered by 1-mm fine mesh to reduce pollen dispersal by researching cross pollination rate between non-GM yellow maize in a greenhouse and silver maize outside the greenhouse.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.10009-10013
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• 2014

Background: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene has been a subject of extensive pharmacogenetic research recently. Association studies between different types of cancers including prostate cancer (PCa) and VDR gene polymorphism have also been conducted. The objective of this study was to find possible associations between PCa and VDR gene polymorphisms in the Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: A total of 162 subjects, including prostate cancer patients and controls, were genotyped for Apa I, Taq I and Fok I polymorphisms in the VDR gene using allele specific PCR, PCR-RFLP and direct DNA sequencing. Allelic frequencies were tested for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and associations between the genetic markers and PCa were calculated using logistic regression. Results: Apa I CC genotype was found to have strongest association with PCa risk, and "A" genotype was found to have protective effect. Fok I and Taq I did not have appreciable levels of association with PCa, although Taq I "TC" heterozygotes seemed to have some protective effect. Similarly the "C" allele of Fok I also seemed to have protective effect. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report showing association between VDR gene polymorphisms and PCa in Pakistan. Our findings may be somewhat skewed because of small sample size and tendency of consanguineous marriages in Pakistani society; nevertheless, it shows the trend of association and protective effects of certain VDR gene polymorphisms against PCa.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1515-1520
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• 2012

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) gene is important for regulation of growth and development in mammals. The present investigation was carried out to study DNA polymorphism by PCR-RFLP of IGFBP-3 gene and its effect on fibre traits of Chinese Inner Mongolian cashmere goats. The fibre traits data investigated were cashmere fibre diameter, combed cashmere weight, cashmere fibre length and guard hair length. Four hundred and forty-four animals were used to detect polymorphisms in the hircine IGFBP-3 gene. A 316-bp fragment of the IGFBP-3 gene in exon 2 was amplified and digested with HaeIII restriction enzyme. Three patterns of restriction fragments were observed in the populations. The frequency of AA, AB and BB genotypes was 0.58, 0.33 and 0.09 respectively. The allelic frequency of the A and B allele was 0.75 and 0.25 respectively. Nucleotide sequencing revealed a C>G transition in the exon 2 region of the IGFBP-3 gene resulting in R158G change which caused the polymorphism. Least squares analysis revealed a significant effect of genotypes on cashmere weight (p<0.0001), cashmere fibre length (p<0.001) and hair length (p<0.05) of the animals. The effect of genotypes on cashmere fibre diameter was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The animals of AB and BB genotypes showed higher cashmere weight, cashmere fibre length and hair length than the animals possessing AA genotype. These results suggested that polymorphisms in the hircine IGFBP-3 gene might be a potential molecular marker for cashmere weight in cashmere goats.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1987.07a
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• pp.349-356
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• 1987

Insertions of transposable elements in or near a structural gene give rise to null phenotypes, reduced levels of gene expression, or alteration on the tissue-specific pattern of gene expression. Null phenotypes often result from insertions in exons. Reduced levels of gene expression results from insertions in various regions such as promoter region, 5' non-translated region, exon and intron. The maize allele of Adh1-3F1124 is an example of alteration in the tissue-specific patetern of gene expression. Adh1-3F1124 contains a Mu element inserted 31 bp 5' to the transcriptional start site of the wild-type Adh1 activity in seeds and anaerobically-treated seedlings but normal levels in the pollen. Upon the insertion of a transposable element a certain number of host DNA sequences at the insertion site is duplcated. When transposable elements excise, all element sequences are deleted. However, the duplicated host sequences may be left intact or deleted to various extents. This results in null phenotypes, restoration of original levels of gene expression, or altered levels of gene expression. On the basis of effects of transposable-element insertions or excisions on gene expression, the usefulness of transposable ellements for studies on gene expression is discussed.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2003

Polymeric gene delivery system attracts profound attention as it shows less toxicity, versatility, and reasonable gene expression efficiency. Terplex system, a synthetic biopolymeric gene delivery system consisting of stearyl poly-L-lysine (stearyl-PLL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was evaluated for its body distribution of gene expression of exogenously administered pDNA after tail-vein injection in mice. Kidney and spleen are two major organs with highest gene expression, whereas liver and heart showed marginal gene expression among the organs examined. Hemolytic effect of the terplex system was evaluated using human red blood cells, where terplex system did not cause significant hemolysis at the concentrations above the experimental ranges, although unmodified PLL or stearyl-PLL without LDL did. Serum stability of terplex system against enzymatic degradation was also significantly enhanced, presumably due to the steric stabilization from the polymers. Based on these findings and along with its high in vitro transfection efficiency, terplex system could serve as a safe and efficient polymeric gene delivery system with many applications for the in vivo gene therapy.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.413-422
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• 2011

We have used a multifactor dimensionality reduction(MDR) method to study the major gene interaction effect in general; however, without application of the MDR method in continuous data. In light of this, many methods have been suggested such as Expanded MDR, Dummy MDR and SVM MDR. In this paper, we compare the two methods of SVM MDR and D-MDR. In addition, we identify the gene-gene interaction effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) associated with economic traits in Hanwoo(Korean cattle). Lastly, we discuss a new method in consideration of the advantages that the other methods present.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.776-782
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• 2012

Marbling (intramuscular fat) is the most economically important meat quality trait in Hanwoo (Korean cattle). The endothelial differentiation G-protein coupled receptor 1 (EDG1) gene, involved in blood vessel formation, is located within the genomic region of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for marbling on bovine chromosome 3. Thus, the EDG1 gene can be considered as a positional and functional candidate gene for meat quality in beef cattle. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the EDG1 gene and to evaluate their associations with carcass traits in Hanwoo population. We have sequenced a fragment of 5'-UTR of the EDG1 gene and identified one SNP. Genotyping of the g.166A>G SNP marker was carried out using PCR-RFLP analysis in 309 Hanwoo steers in order to evaluate their association with carcass traits. The g.166A>G SNP marker showed a significant effect on the marbling score. Animals with the GG genotype had higher marbling score compared with AA and AG genotypes (p<0.05). This SNP marker also showed a significant additive effects for the marbling score (p<0.05). These results suggest that the EDG1 gene can be used as a molecular marker for DNA marker-assisted selection in order to increase the levels of the marbling score in Hanwoo.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 2010

Background : At high glucose levels in $\beta$-cells, cell viability and insulin secretion are decreased by glucotoxicity. Sopyung-tang(SPT) had an effect on blood glucose level decrease and antioxidant enzyme activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Objectives : This study performed a series of experiment to verify the effects of SPT extract on the cell viability, antioxidant enzyme activities, insulin secretion and insulin mRNA expression at hyperglycemic states of RIN-m5F. Methods : After treatment at various concentrations of SPT added to the RIN-m5F cells, cell viability by MTT assay, free radical-scavenging activity, SOD activity and insulin secretion were measured. Additionally, insulin-related gene expression was measured using real-time RT-PCR. Results : Compared to the control group, SPT extract showed considerable effects on RIN-m5F cell viability, DPPH radical-scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, insulin secretion and insulin-related gene expression. Conclusions : This study showed that SPT extract has an effect on $\beta$-cell cell viability, insulin secretion and insulin-related gene expression. Thus, SPT extract may be used for treatment of diabetes and its complications. Further mechanism studies of SPT seem to be necessary on the glucotoxicity and oxidative stress.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.33-51
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to assess the protective effect of Saengmaek-san (SM) on UVB-induced HaCaT cell damage. Methods: The protective effects of Saengmaek-san(SM) were determined by UVB-induced HaCaT assay. We assessed protective effects of Saengmaek-san (SM) on LDH release and nitrite release from HaCaT. And COX-2, Bcl-2, Bax, $TNF{\alpha}$, c-jun, c-fos, NF-kB, iNOS, Bcl-xL gene expression were determined in HaCaT using real-time PCR method. Results: 1. SM inhibited LDH-release, nitrite production in UVB-exposed HaCaT. 2. SM suppressed the gene expression of COX-2, $TNF{\alpha}$ in UVB-exposed HaCaT. 3. SM increased the gene expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-xL family protein in UVB-exposed HaCaT. 4. SM suppressed the gene expression of c-jun, c-fos, NF-kB in UVB-exposed HaCaT. Conclusions: The study showed SM inhibited the cell damage in UVB-exposed HaCaT.