• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 2014

Objectives Adhesive capsulitis (AC) is a restricted shoulder range of motion. Rotator cuff disease (RCD) has been believed to be a major etiologic factor of AC, however, how soon is the development time from RCD to AC (DTRA) has not been elucidated. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the correlation between the ultrasonographic characteristics of RCD and the DTRA. Methods Total 40 patients who were diagnosed as AC were recruited. The clinical characteristics of RCD were diagnosed by ultrasonography and classified with the Southern California Orthopedic Institute for Rotator Cuff Classification. The correlation was analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test and one-way analysis of variance. Results 60% of full thickness tear and 40% of partial thickness tear patients (10 male and 30 female, mean age of $54.0{\pm}8.4$ years) and 38% of bursitis and 21% of neovascularization were observed. The mean value of DTRA was $74.8{\pm}131.3$ days. There were no correlation between DTRA and gender (p=0.63), location of the partial tear (p=0.63), the severity of the partial thickness tear (p=0.63), full thickness tear (p=0.66) and completeness of the tear (p=0.16). The presence of bursitis or neovascularization was not associated with DTRA (p=0.60, p=0.61). Conclusions Although RCD is a major etiologic factor of AC, the severity, the type of RCD and the presence of bursitis and neovascularization were not statistically correlated with the DTRA in our study. Comprehensive consideration about etiologic factor analysis of AC will be needed with prospective study design for future study.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.766-777
• /
• 2012

The 13 genre paintings by Junkeun Kim in the book "Korean Games(by Stewart Culin 1858~1929)" were used to study the late $19^{th}$ century's basic costumes and Games style in Korea. The people who appear in the paintings are 26 adult males, 2 minor males, 2 adult females and 3 kisaengs. Typical men wore 'Jeogori' which had various colors and white linings with a reached hip line, and knotted with a 'go-rum' on the right side. They also wore, white colored 'Baji' with colorful sash that were knot below knee or ankle together with 'Hang-jun' or 'Daenim'. They wore 'Beoseon'. Some men wore 'Po' whose colors were blue, green, indigo, white. The general women wore 'Jeogori' in deep green and light pink, indigo, green, red, and they matched with colors for 'Kit' and, 'Go-rum', 'Kut-dong' and its 'Go-rum' was short and narrow. It was so fit and short with narrow sleeve. It had 'Dunggun-kit'(round head collar) with white 'Dong-jung' and so it fit at neck. They wore 'Chi-ma' whose color was red, light green, or light indigo. It contrasted with 'Jeogori'. The width of 'Chi-ma' was big enough. Then white inner slacks came out under the skirt. Traditional Korean games can be classified according to age and gender. Then the games can be further classified into three categories : men's games, women's games, and games for all. The games for adult are an archery practice, hunting, shovel work with a karae, making a bow, drawing Jongkung-chart, Korean chess, playing paduk, and the Korean card game. A swing is a game for women. Games for both men and women are dice play, and domino game. Games for both adult and minor males are sledge, and tightrope walking. Through genre paintings in the $19^{th}$ century, I reached a conclusion that basic costumes are similar to 'Hanbok' at the present time and the method of wearing them has not changed much. It appears that the originality of traditional costumes has been maintained.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2014

Purpose - The domestic franchise industry has made significant contributions to industry such as investment, employment, and community economy development, facilitating growth potential. The franchise industry provides management knowhow transfer between parent companies and franchisees as per contracts addressing use of business signs, franchisees' independent position, franchisor support, and royalties to be paid to the franchisors. However, many franchisors lack management knowhow and provide insufficient support because of poor control of franchisees and not having a systematic approach to support. This results in dissatisfied franchisees and failure to establish long-term relationships. Few studies have examined relational commitment and/or re-contract intention by support resources between franchisors and franchisees, despite a considerable output of theories and studies of the growth of the franchise industry. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the effects of the ability to provide resources on relational commitments and re-contract intention, and to suggest causal relationships and implications. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject was domestic franchisors registered with the Association of Franchise with more than 50 franchisees. Franchisees under contract for 2 years and considering re-contract of their franchise 2 years later were used. The subjects totaled 300 franchisees in Seoul. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate the subject of franchisees' concessions during the 10 days from November 21, 2013 to November 30, 2013. After excluding 16 surveys with poor answers, 284 responses were finally used. Four areas and 44 questions were used. A nominal scale was used for four common characteristics questions including gender, ages, educational background, and franchise managing time. Questions regarding ability, relational commitment, and re-contract intention made use of a Likert 5-point scale. Data coding and data cleaning were used. SPSS 18.0 was used as follows. First, frequency analysis was done to investigate demographic characteristics. Second, exploratory factor analysis was done to verify validity of testing tools, and Cronbach's α coefficient was used to verify reliability. Third, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were done. An exploratory factor analysis was done to verify validity of concepts. A correlation analysis was done to test relationships between the variables, and multiple regression analysis was done to verify franchisor's ability, franchisees' relational commitment, and re-contract intention. Results - The following were the outcomes. First, store operation management, finance operation management, and human resource management affected the calculated bond. Second, store operation management and finance operation management affected the emotional bond. Third, store operation management, finance operation management, human resource management, and marketing management affected the prescriptive bond. Fourth, calculated bond and prescriptive bond had an effect on re-contract intention. Conclusions - As stated above, in franchise management, parent companies' offer and instruction of core competence to their franchisees as an information resource could improve the relational bond by helping them grow together through the resource sharing. Consequently, core competence factors were promoting factors that could improve franchisees' re-contract intention for a long time.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2018

The purposes of this study were to investigate the intensity of middle school students' consumer competency and to assess effectiveness of Home Economics education on consumer competency. One group pretest-posttest quasi experimental design was employed to assess the effectiveness of Home Economics education on 1st grade middle school students' consumer competency in Gyeonggi province and 154 data copies were used for analyses. The results obtained were as follows. First, the cognitive consumer competency of the middle school 1st grade students was lower than the median of 37.66 out of 100 points, and the practical consumer competency was slightly higher than the median of 3.26 out of 5 points. As for cognitive competency, citizen competency was higher than deal competency. As for practical competency, deal competency was higher than citizen competency. Second, quasi-experiment intervention statistically enhanced the middle school students' consumer competency including the cognitive and practical competency. Third, the middle school students' perceived helpfulness of Home Economics education, perceived importance of deal competency and citizen competency, the level of cognitive citizen competency were statistically influential to practical consumer competency(deal and citizen competency). However, gender, life satisfaction, and cognitive citizen competency were not influential to practical consumer competency(deal and citizen competency). The outcome offered the basic information of middle school students' consumer competency and confirmed the effectiveness of Home Economics education on the middle school students' consumer competency.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.11
• /
• pp.471-484
• /
• 2017

The present study explored factors that influence consumers' benefit expectancy about telemedicine service. Responses from a national online survey of 927 adults (aged 19-59), collected in January 2016, were analyzed with multiple regression analysis. The results revealed: (1) Health consciousness positively influenced all three benefit expectancies (all ps < .05); (2) Doctor-patient communication efficacy positively influenced expectancy for convenience improvement (${\beta}=.107$, p < .01) and service quality improvement (${\beta}=.086$, p < .05); (3) Use of health-related smart applications contributed to positive expectancy for service quality improvement (${\beta}=.081$, p < .05) and cost-saving (${\beta}=.067$, p < .05). Some of the relationships were moderated by gender and residence. This convergence study, which examined public's perception about telemedicine from the perspectives of consumer psychology, media, and public health, provides practical implications to promote telemedicine service and educate consumers about it.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.183-203
• /
• 2007

This study aims at providing useful fundamental information to re-establish the theories of modern fashion by examining the origination and genealogy of street style. The street styles focusing on caucasoid have a variety of genealogies such as western type, beat, teddy boy, hippie, skinhead, punk, neuron-mantic, indie kid, riot grrrl, grunge and techno cyber punk. In the same period, on the contrary, the streets styles focusing on negroid are zootie, hipster, modernist, rude boy, two-tone, rastafarian, funky, B-boy, fly girl, raggamuffine, bhangra, and acid jazz, which are seen as the culture of the large cities formed along Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean sea like England, America and Jamaica. These have root as the main fashion in western society. Ironically, most of the subculture concentrated on the whites were racists. Because of such a reason, the street styles have been formed as resistance culture that was unable to sympathize with their society and characteristics by distinguishing the whites and the colored people. Zootie or hipster that is one of the street fashion styles was formed in the 1940-50s, while the colored people who lived in the west Indies migrated to England or America. As a minimal modernist style called Ivy look in US, in that time, anti-culture formed by teenagers in whitey, teddy boy and mods fashion can be strictly different from the zootie and hipster. The colored people's street styles of the 1960s developed into aggressive and hard forms from the rude boy and two-tone while their resistance toward the whites was stronger. The rastafarian style researched the peak as the colored people's traditional ethnic characteristics or resistance intention for their freedom in the 1970s. In that time, The colored people's street styles of the 1960s developed into aggressive and hard forms from the rude boy and two-tone while their resistance toward the whites was stronger. The rastafarian style researched the peak as the colored people's traditional ethnic characteristics or resistance intention for their freedom in the 1970s. In that time, the street styles of the whites were mostly the skinhead or hippie. Most of them were racists toward the colored people. The punk type on shown on the whites focused on luxury and exaggerative costume. On the contrary, the funky style of the colored people focused on aggressive nihilism and form. With B-boy, fly girl, reggae, rap music, and break dancing in the 1980s, the subculture gradually told on the high fashion as well as the culture between the whites and the colored people. From such aspects, the colored people tried to maintain their unique traditional characteristics. However, their individual values surged by the coming young generation excluded the colored people's characteristic street styles. Focusing on gender, violence and private success among their major concerns, the raga muffin style that represents multi-races and multi-cultures was formed. The jazz style in the 1990s showed cold post-modernistic eclecticism different from that of the 1940s-50s. Simultaneously, the various classes appeared their street styles by emphasizing on each personality. Now that we are living in multi-cultural society, a human race or nationalism concept is getting obscurer. There is no obvious boundary line in the differences between human race and its fashion.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.48-61
• /
• 1995

This study attempted to analyze the health habits affecting health status of industrial workers. Data was collected from 57 industries of 900 workers at Inchon. The research has been carried out through self-administered questionnaire and from the analysis of the health examination records and the results were as follows: 1. Among 861 respondents, men were 81.2%, women were 18.8%, 42, 6% were of the 30-40 age group, the married were 65.7%, the single were 32.5%, the high school graduates were 62.4% and 37.3% were of people who worked between 1 and 5 years. 2. As far as the seven health habits, current smokers were 54.9%, people who regularly exercise was 31.7%, 7-8 hour of sleep, on the average were 74.0%, people eating breakfast nearly every day were 8.0%, and people eating between meals almost every day were 54.2%. Heavy drinkers who drink 3-4 times or more per week were 13.2%, 1-2 times per week were 26.8% and the obese were 4.6%, 3. Health status of A and B, estimated by doctors in the health examination were 81.7% and C, D1, D2, the unhealthy were 18.3%. Men were reported more than women in unhealthy groups and the results regarding health status reflect gender, educational level and age, That is to say that, lower educational level group and over 30 years of age group perceive their health to be worse than the higher educational level and under 30 age group, And these differences were statistically significant. 4. The relationship between health habits and health status, expressed in terms of the odds ratio. Current smokers had a consistently worse health status than a nonsmokers with a 1.36 odds ratio. The workers who reported eating breakfast rarely or never were more associated with the unhealthy group than the regular breakfast eating group with a 2.48 odds ratio. One or more drink per week had a worse health status than a never or a little drinker with a 1.42 odds ratio. 5, The Health habits score and duration of work were selected as significant factors influencing health status based on logistic analysis. According to the results of this model, the odds ratio of good health status was 2.06 for good health habit score, 1.55 for population who worked seven years or more duration of work. As we have seen, good practices were found to be associated with better health and the effect of the health habits was cummulative;those who followed 6-7 health habits were in better health, even though they were older than those who failed to do so. Therefore, in order to provide the health promotion of workers it is necessary to establish a health management plan for an effective health education and health service. If we use this type of study as a prospective study design, we can get a precise basic data for health promotion and a management plan for industrial workers.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.81-89
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns and interrelationships for meeting recommendations of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and dietary behavior in elementary school students. A cross-sectional design was used to assess 259 students ages 11 to 13 years. Physical activity (moderate to vigorous physical activity $\geqq$60min/day), sedentary behavior (viewing time for TV, computer, DVD, video, etc<3hr/day), and dietary behavior (servings of fruits and vegetables$\geqq$5times/day) were categorized into two levels: meeting recommendations or not meeting recommendations. Parents' health behaviors and home environmental variables were assessed with self-reported measures. Chi-squared tests and independent t-tests were conducted to compare anthropometric variables and the prevalence of students not meeting the recommendation for the three health behaviors. Comparison between males and females and logistic linear regression were used to determine the interrelationships of three health behaviors. 25.9% of students did not meet the physical activity recommendations. 15.4% did not meet sedentary behavior recommendations, and 41.7% did not meet dietary recommendation. Only 39.8% of students met all three recommendations, but 19.0% did not meet over two recommendations. Patterns that simultaneously did not meet two recommendations were: sedentary and dietary behavior in males (8.1%), and physical activity and dietary behavior in females (10.4%). Students who did not meet dietary recommendations were at greater risk of not meeting physical activity (OR 2.76; 95% CI 1.15 to 6.64), and sedentary behavior (OR 3.07; 95% CI 1.15 to 8.16) compared with students who did meet dietary recommendations. The findings of this study support not an independent behavior approach but a multiple behavior approach taking into account gender and interrelationships among the three behaviors.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.221-228
• /
• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to shed further light on the effect of modifiable health behavior risk factors on dependence in activities of daily living, defined in a multidimensional fashion. Methods: The study participants were 10,278 middle aged Americans in a longitudinal health study, the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS). A multi-stage probability sampling design incorporating the effect of population sizes (Metropolitan and non-metropolitan), ethnicity (the non- Hispanic White, the Hispanic, and the Black), and age (age 51-61) was utilized. Basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were measured using five activities necessary for survival (impairment in dressing, eating, bathing, sleeping, and moving across indoor spaces). Explanatory variables were four health behavior risk factors included smoking, exercise, Body Mass Index (BMI), and alcohol consumption. Results: Most participants at baseline were ADL independent (1992). 97.8% of participants were independent in all ADL's at baseline and 78.2% were married. Approximately 27.5% were current smokers at baseline, and the subjects reported moderate or heavy exercise were 74.8%. All demographic characteristics and behavioral risk factors were significantly associated with the ADL status at Wave 4 except alcohol consumption. Risk behaviors such as current smoking, sedentary life style and high BMI at Wave 1 were associated with ADL status deterioration; however, moderate alcohol consumption tended to be more related to better ADL status than abstaining at Wave 4. ADL status at Wave 1 was the strongest factor and the next was exercise and smoking affecting ADL status at Wave 4. People who were in ADL dependent at Wave 1 were 15.17 times more likely to be ADL dependent at Wave 4 than people who were in ADL independent at Wave 1. Concerning smoking cigarettes, people who kept only light exercise or sedentary life style at Wave 1 were 1.70 times more likely to be died at Wave 4 than the people who did not smoke at Wave 1. Conclusions: All demographics and health behaviors at wave 1 had consistently similar OR trends for ADL status to each other except alcohol consumption. Smoking and exercise in health behaviors, and age and gender in demographics at Wave 1 were significant factors associated with ADL group separation at Wave 4.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.559-568
• /
• 2018

This study examined the factors affecting abdominal obesity by sex among the Korean elderly focusing on health and health behavior related factors. The data utilized in this study were derived from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI-3) conducted from January to December 2015 by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The subjects of this study were 599 men and 793 women over the age of 65 for whom their waist circumference was known. The data were analyzed by a complex sampling design method applying weights using the SPSS 23.0 program. Korean elderly showed significant differences in demographic factors, health-related factors, and health behaviors according to gender. The abdominal obesity rate of elderly males was 38.3%, while that of elderly females was 50.5%. Among the factors related to health and health behavior, frequency of binge drinking among elderly male and subjective health status of elderly females were significant factors influencing abdominal obesity. Therefore, programs for abdominal obesity management of elderly Koreans should be planned with consideration of differences in health related factors and health behavior and influencing factors by sex.