• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.217-227
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate personality traits of oriental medical students in graduating class by using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Methods : The subjects of this study were 164 (male 108, female 56) oriental medical students in Busan. MMPI scores were analyzed about validity scales, clinical scales and personality disorder scales in aspects of whole student, attendant year, gender and ages. Results & Conclusions : First, The average scores of MMPI scales showed that oriental medical students in graduating class lay within the range of normal. There was no difference among attendant years, and averages of each year made little difference to whole student. The students belonged to 'defensive group' that were doing adaptive defense relatively Second, in comparison with gender, female students got more social adaptability and less stress than male students. In comparison with ages, group of $28{\sim}42$ years old tended to make up themselves with defensive attitude.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of suicidal ideation and to investigate related factors contributing to suicidal ideation in elderly people with focus on comparison of gender differences. Methods: From the database of the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-IV), the researchers selected 3,164 old adults aged over 65. The original study was a population-based epidemiological survey of health and nutrition in a stratified multistage clustered probability design. Data were analyzed by using ${\chi}^2$-test and t-test and multiple logistic regression with the SPSS/WIN18.0 program. Results: Suicidal ideation in women (37.5%) occurred more frequently than men (17.5%). Depression, stress, restriction on activities and quality of life were significant variables of suicidal ideation in both the men and women aged 65 over. Low educational levels and economic states were significantly associated with suicidal ideation in men but not in women. Conclusion: The development of a suicide prevention program for elders requires different approaches to the genders respectively. It is also recommended that programs be developed that can help control the variables identified in this study along with a follow-up study for verifying the model.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2009

This paper is concerned with Korean students' attitudes towards robots, presenting two survey studies. The first study was concerned with a group of college students, taking the perspective of international comparison. Data were collected by administering an online survey, where 106 volunteer students had participated. In the survey, the Negative Attitude towards Robot Scale(NARS) was adopted to compare the Korean students' scores with those of multi-national groups (U.S.A, Germany, Netherland, Japan, Mexico, and China) who responded to the same scale in Bartneck et al.'s research. The analysis of the data reveals that Korean students tend to be more concerned about social impacts that robots might bring to future society and are very conscious about the uncertain influences of robots on human life. The second study investigated factors that may affect K-12 students' attitudes towards robots, with survey data garnered from 298 elementary, middle, and high school students. The data were analyzed by the method of multiple regression analysis to test the hypothesis that a student's gender, age, the extent of interest in robots, and the extent of experiences with robots may influence his or her attitude towards robots. The hypothesis was partially supported in that variables of a student's gender, age, and the extent of interest in robots were statistically significant with regard to the attitude variable. Given the results, this paper suggests three points of discussions to better understand Korean students' attitudes towards robots: social and cultural context, individual differences, and theory of mind.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.81-89
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• 2014

Korean English learners tend to have difficulty perceiving and producing English vowels. The purpose of this study is to examine a link between perceived and produced vowel spaces of Korean learners of English. Sixteen Korean male and female participants perceived two sets of English synthetic vowels on a computer monitor and rated their naturalness. The same participants produced English vowels in a carrier sentence with high and low pitch variation in a clear speaking mode. The author compared the perceived and produced vowel spaces in terms of the pitch and gender variables. Results showed that the perceived vowel spaces were not significantly different in either variables. Korean learners perceived the vowels similarly. They did not differentiate the tense-lax vowel pairs nor the low vowels. Secondly, the produced vowel spaces of the male and female groups showed a 25% difference which may have come from their physiological differences in the vocal tract length. Thirdly, the comparison of the perceived and produced vowel spaces revealed that although the vowel space patterns of the Korean male and female learners appeared similar, which may lead to a relative link between perception and production, statistical differences existed in some vowels because of the acoustical properties of the synthetic vowels, which may lead to an independent link. The author concluded that any comparison between the perceived and produced vowel space of nonnative speakers should be made cautiously. Further studies would be desirable to examine how Koreans would perceive different sets of synthetic vowels.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.523-530
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• 2018

This study aimed to examine the association between betting games and problem gambling among adolescents, with attention paid to comparisons by gender and school level. For this purpose, this study analyzed a sample of 3,653 adolescents from the 2015 Survey on Youth Gambling Problems. The main findings are as follows. First, experiencing online betting games compared to non-online betting games was associated with higher risks of being light and severe problem gambling among adolescents. Second, the associations between online betting games and problem gambling was more pronounced for male adolescents than for female adolescents. Third, the associations between online betting games and problem gambling was more pronounced for high school students than for middle school students. Based on the findings, this study suggested practical strategies to prevent problem gambling among adolescents.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.185-192
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• 2010

The acoustic vowel space has been used as an acoustic parameter in dysarthric speech. The aim of this work was to examine mathematical formulae for acoustic vowel space and to apply these to Korean speakers with idiopathic Parkinson's disease(IPD). Five acoustic parameters were chosen from earlier works and one new parameter was proposed, the pentagonal vowel space. The six parameters included triangular vowel space (3 area), irregular quadrilateral vowel space (4 area), irregular pentagonal vowel space (5 area), vowel articulatory index (VAI), formant centralization ratio (FCR) and F2i/F1u ratio (F2 ratio). An experimental group of 32 IPD patients(male:female=16:16) and a control group of twenty healthy people (male:female=8:12) participated in the study and repeated vowels (/a-i-u-e-o/) three times. A correlation analysis was performed among the six parameters, 2-way ANOVA was done with gender and groups as independent factors, and an independent sample t-test was conducted between the male and the female group as post hoc comparison. All parameters were highly correlated with each other and only the FCR showed a high negative correlation with the others. The results of ANOVA showed a significant difference in F2 ratio, 3 area, 4 area and 5 area between gender and in 4 area and 5 area between groups. For the male members of the two groups, significant statistical differences were found in all parameters whereas no such differences were found for the female members. These findings indicated that the vowel space of the female group was wider than the vowel space of the male group. These differences may have been caused by gender-specific speech styles rather than by patho-physiological mechanisms. We also claim that the pentagonal vowel space is better than the other vowel spaces at representing the disordered speech in natural speech situations.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.231-239
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out whether or not there are differences of effects when we count breaths on inspiration or expiration, and how differently the effects show up according to gender or Sasang Constitution Methods A group of 79 participants were enrolled and diagnosed Sasang Constitution by Sasang Constitution Diagnosis System of the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. Physical responses to respiratory changes were measured by Biofeedback sensors that were attached to the participants while they were seated comfortably on a sofa and breathing normally without counting for 5 minutes, counting on inspiration for 5 minutes, and counting on expiration for 5 minutes. Results and Conclusions 1. Mean heart rate and respiration rate decreased in association with breathing counting on inspiration and expiration more than breathing normally without counting. Especially respiration rate was stabilized during counting on inspiration and mean heart rate was stabilized during counting on expiration. 2. Interaction between breathing methods and gender did not appear. In comparison between gender, LF/HF ratio was higher in male during breathing normally without counting and counting on inspiration. Body temperature was higher in male during counting on inspiration and expiration. 3. Interaction between breathing methods and Sasang Constitution did not appear. In comparison between Sasang Constitution, mean heart rate was higher in Soyang-in, Soeum-in than Taeeum-in and abdominal amplitude was lower in Taeeum-in than Soeum-in.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.561-569
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to examine the association between daily stress and smartphone overdependence among multicultural adolescents, focusing on the moderating roles of gender and age. This study performed a series of multiple linear regressions with a sample of 794 multicultural adolescents living with a foreign-born parent or parents from the 13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. The main regression analysis showed that daily stress was associated with higher levels of smartphone overdependence among multicultural adolescents. In addition, interaction analyses showed that the association between daily stress and smartphone overdependence was more pronounced for male adolescents compared to female adolescents, and for middle school students compared to high school students. This study concluded with some suggestions to address smartphone overdependence among multicultural adolescents.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1370-1376
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• 2012

This paper proposes a gender recognition algorithm which classifies a male or female speaker. In this paper, characteristic vectors for the male and female speaker are analyzed, and recognition experiments for the proposed gender recognition by a neural network are performed using these characteristic vectors for the male and female. Input characteristic vectors of the proposed neural network are 10 LPC (Linear Predictive Coding) cepstrum coefficients, 12 LPC cepstrum coefficients, 12 FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) cepstrum coefficients and 1 RMS (Root Mean Square), and 12 LPC cepstrum coefficients and 8 FFT spectrum. The proposed neural network trained by 20-20-2 network are especially used in this experiment, using 12 LPC cepstrum coefficients and 8 FFT spectrum. From the experiment results, the average recognition rates obtained by the gender recognition algorithm is 99.8% for the male speaker and 96.5% for the female speaker.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.612-619
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• 2015

The present study was designed to investigate health-related life habits, food preference, body composition for proper dietary habits, health promotion of communities in Incheon area. The effects of personal characteristics and health-related life habits such as gender, age, having breakfast, smoking, drinking, and exercise were analyzed using a surveying. 961 community subjects (262 males and 699 females) were investigated using a questionnaire and Inbody. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi squared test, and one-way ANOVA (analysis of variation) with SPSS/WIN 21.0. The result of gender distribution showed there were 262 males and 699 females, and with respect to the effect of gender on health-related life habits, smoking, drinking, and exercise showed significant differences (p < 0.05), whereas having breakfast was not significantly difference (p>0.05). Therefore, the present provide evidence of a relationship between health-related life habits and gender. Regarding the effect of BMI on health-related life habits, exercise showed significant differences (p < 0.05), whereas smoking, drinking, and having breakfast were not significantly difference (p>0.05). Thus, the present study also provides evidence of a relationship between health-related life habits and BMI. Our analysis shows that food preference and body composition were significant different from health-related life habits such as smoking, drinking, exercise, and having breakfast (p < 0.05). Our analysis showed that body composition was significant differences from health related habits such as smoking, drinking, exercise, and breakfast (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study suggests that diet guidelines support and improve health promotion designed by communities.