• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.561-570
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• 2017

This study examined the laxative effects of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which contains high levels of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds, against loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal group (N) and three experimental groups; loperamide treated group (C), loperamide and LAB-fermented MLE 300 mg/kg treated group (MLEL), and loperamide and LAB-fermented MLE 600 mg/kg treated group (MLEH). After 33 d, fecal pellet amount, fecal weight, water content of fecal, gastrointestinal transit time and length, and serum lipid profiles were measured. Constipation was induced via subcutaneous injection of loperamide (2.0 mg/kg b. w., twice a day) for the final 5 d of the experiment. After loperamide administration, the LAB-fermented MLE groups showed a significantly increase in the fecal pellets number, wet weight, and water content in rats compared with the C group. Moreover, increases in the intestinal length and viable Lactobacillus numbers in the feces were observed in the LAB-fermented MLE groups. The intestinal transit time was shorter in the LAB-fermented MLE groups than in the C group. In addition, the LAB-fermented MLE groups showed a significant decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and an increase in HDL-cholesterol level. These results indicated that oral administration of LAB-fermented MLE shows laxative effect in loperamide-induced constipated rats.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.945-951
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary xylooligosaccharide on lipid levels of serum in rats fed high cholesterol diet. Male Sprage-Dawley rats weiging 100$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to groups of two normal(N, N+10X) and four high cholesterol diets which contained 1%(w/w) cholesterol. High cholesterol diet groups were classified to xylooligosaccharide free diet (C group), 5% xylooligosaccharide diet(C+5X group), 10% xylooligosaccharide diet(C+10X group) and 15% xylooligosaccharide diet(C+15X group) according to the level of dietary xylooligosaccharide supplementation. These experimental diets were fed ad libidum for 4 weeks. The weight gain of high cholesterol diet group were significantly increased more than that of normal group, but those of 10% and 15% dietary xylooligosaccharide groups were significantly decreased more than that of high cholesterol diet(C)group. The higher content of xylooligosaccharide, the more food intake was increased. The food efficiencies of 10%, 15% cholesterol diet groups were lower than that of high cholesterol diet(C)group. The levels of serum triglyceride(TG) and total cholestoral were significantly high in cholesterol diet groups compared with normal diet group but were decreased in groups fed 5% and 10% dietary xylooligosaccharide. Especially, the lowest level showed in group fed high cholesterol diet containing 10% xylooligosacchride. High cholesterol diet group containing 10% xylooligosaccharide increased HDL-cholesterol level and then decreased LDL-cholesterol level and atherogenic index compared with other groups. The level of TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) in serum was decreased in rat group fed xylooligosaccharide in high cholesterol diet. The higher content of xylooligosacchride, the more gastrointestinal transit time was decreased. The results indicate that dietary xylooligosaccharide can improve status of TG and total cholesterol and repress lipid peroxidation in serum lipid at hypercholesterolemia induced by high cholesterol diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.311-322
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• 1994

This study was conducted to compare the effects of four types of dietary fiber supplementations (cellulose, pectin, guar gum, and polydextrose) on gastrointestinal function, diabetic symptom amelioration and lipid & glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Six groups of male rats were fed ad libitum dietary fiber-free control diet or one of experimental diets containing 5% dietary fiber for four weeks. All types of dietary fiber supplementation seemed to protect the diabetic animals from the loss of body weight. The primary diabetic symptoms such as polydipsia, polyphasia, polyuria and urinary glucose excretion were ameliorated by cellulose, pectin, and guar gum, but not by polydextrose. Gastrointestinal transit time was significantly shortened and fecal dry weight was significantly increased in all the dietary fiber-supplemented groups except the polydextrose group. Large intestine was significantly lengthened by dietary fiber feeding. The serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were effectively lowered by pectin, guar gum and polydextrose. Regardless of their types, the fiber supplementation had no effect on serum HDL-cholesterol. Whereas fasting blood glucose level was significantly lowered by all types of fiber supplementations, glucose tolerance was more effectively improved by pectin and guar gum.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.286-295
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• 1996

The present study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of four kinds of seaweeds (mixture of purple laver & sea lettuce, sea tangle, sea mustard, agar agar) as a high- fiber supplment in the therapeutic deit for the diabetic patients. Seven groups of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were fed dietary fiber-free control diet or one of experimental diets containing 7% of one of the four seaweeds for 6 weeks. The effect of seaweeds supplementation on the body weight change, gastrointestinal function, and the control of diabetic symptoms were examined and compared with the effect of fiber-free diet or pectin diet used as references. The body weight gains of all the diabetic groups were significantly suppressed compared to the normal group. Feed efficiency ratios and body weight gains of seaweed groups were relatively higher than those of the pectin group. Sea tangle appeared to have an effect of alleviating the typical diabetic symptoms such as polyphasia, polydipsia, polyuria, urinary glucose excretion and hyperglycemia indicating its beneficial acition of improving glucose metabolism even though the degree of effectiveness was less than that with pectin. All the supplemntations of seaweeds and pectin ressulted in the significant changes in gastronitestinal functins ; shortening of GI transit time, increase of fecal volume and the length of intestine. Based on their effects of the significant changes in GI function in may be suggested that seaweeds may influence the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients in diabetic animals.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2010

2 week study was conducted to investigate the effects of Interferential Current(IC) and Kaltenborn-Evjenth Orthopedic Manual Therapy(KEOMT) on functional constipation. Interventions were applied to spinal segments between $T_9-L_2$ which provides innervations to the gastrointestinal tract. Subjects(n=24) were randomly allocated to two treatment groups: the IC group or the KEOMT group. Results for the IC therapy demonstrated significant decrease with the colonic transit time(CTT) as well as scores on the constipation assessment scale(CAS). The frequency of defecations per week had increased significantly(p<0.05). The KEOMT displayed decreased CTT in the left colon region. The scores on the CAS were reduced and frequency of defecations per week had increased significantly (p<0.05). This study not only showed that both modes of therapy improved symptoms of constipation, but also optimized gastrointesti. nal content movement, eventuating in a more normalized CTT. In conclusion, both the IC therapy and the Kaltenborn-Evjenth Orthopedic Manual Therapy have shown to be effective interventions for improving functional constipation.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2011

Upper gastrointestinal contrast studies were performed to compare the quality of images using two different commercialized barium products in 10 healthy beagle dogs of each group; 30% barium suspension in group 1, and 35% dilute barium suspension in group 2. Contrast media were administered through gastric tube at a dose rate of 10 ml/kg in all groups. All procedures were evaluated by three criteria: the quality of the images obtained, the transit time and the distensibility of the bowel. The imaging in group 1 showed good image quality, a rapid transit time, and good distensibility of bowel loop.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.865-869
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• 2000

흰쥐에게 뽕잎을 4주동안 투여하여 장기능에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 사료이용효율은 10% 투여구에서 14% 감소되었고, 장 통과시간은 1% 투여구에서 16%, 10% 투여구에서 21% 빨라졌다. 장의 길이는 1% 투여구에서 10%, 10% 투여구에서 11% 증가되었고, 장 통과속도는 1% 투여구에서 30%, 10% 투여구에서 40% 빨라졌다. 변의 pH는 대조구가 6.91인데 비해 1% 투여구는 6.07, 10% 투여구는 5.95로서 뽕잎 투여량이 증가함에 따라 변의 pH는 점차 낮아졌다. 변량은 1% 투여구에서 57%, 10% 투여구에서 91% 증가되었다. 변중의 무기성분 중에서 K의 함량이 50% 증가하였으나, 이는 뽕잎 중에 K함량이 많기 때문으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1112-1120
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effets of chitosan and beef tallow at different level on glucose and lipid metabolism in rats. Dietary fot level was 20% and 40%, and chitosan was given at levels of 0%, 3%, and 5%(wt/wt) of diet. Chitosan supplement tended to decrease the serum total lipids, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. HDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol : total cholesterol ratio tended to increase with 5% chitosan supplementation. LDL cholesterol and VLDL triglyceride tended to decrease with chitosan supplementation. Lipid concentration of liver and epididymal fat pad(EEP) tended to decrease with medium dietary fat and chitosan treatment. fecal excretion of total lipid and triglyceride exhibited a tendency to increase with high fat levels and chitosan. Length of small intestine and gastrointestinal transit time were not affected by dietary fit levels or chitosan supplements. Therefore, it could be suggested that chitosan supplement had beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) : 1112-1120, 1998)

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.643-655
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• 2018

Background/Aims Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease characterized by intestinal dysmotility, the mechanism of which remains elusive. We aim to determine whether the high-affinity choline transporter 1 (CHT1), a determinant of cholinergic signaling capacity, modulates intestinal motility associated with stress-induced IBS. Methods A rat IBS model was established using chronic water avoidance stress (WAS). Colonic pathological alterations were evaluated histologically and intestinal motility was assessed by intestinal transit time and fecal water content (FWC). Visceral sensitivity was determined by visceromotor response to colorectal distension. RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunostaining were performed to identify colonic CHT1 expression. Contractility of colonic muscle strips was measured using isometric transducers. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure acetylcholine (ACh). We examined the effects of MKC-231, a choline uptake enhancer, on colonic motility. Results After 10 days of WAS, intestinal transit time was decreased and fecal water content increased. Visceromotor response magnitude in WAS rats in response to colorectal distension was significantly enhanced. Protein and mRNA CHT1 levels in the colon were markedly elevated after WAS. The density of CHT1-positive intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal and myenteric plexus neurons in WAS rats was higher than in controls. Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate partly reversed CHT1 upregulation and alleviated colonic hypermotility in WAS rats. Pharmacological enhancement of CHT1 activity by MKC-231 enhanced colonic motility in control rats via upregulation of CHT1 and elevation of ACh production. Conclusion Upregulation of CHT1 in intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal and myenteric plexus neurons is implicated in chronic stress-induced colonic hypermotility by modulation of ACh synthesis via nuclear factor-kappa B signaling.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2005

목 적: Bristol 대변형태척도는 대장통과시간을 예측하는 간단한 방법이나 임상적으로 또는 연구목적으로 널리 사용되지 않고 있다. 이에 저자들은 소화기 증상으로 내원한 환아의 대변표현형, Bristol 대변형태척도와 대장통과시간검사 결과를 비교 분석하여 이들 상호간의 연관성 및 Bristol 대변형 태척도의 임상적 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2002년 5월부터 2004년 5월까지 소화기 증상으로 연세의대 세브란스 병원 소아과에 내원한 489명의 환아를 대상으로 연령, 성별, 대변의 표현형, Bristol 대변형태를 기술하고, 방사선 불투과성 표지자(Sitzmark$^R$ 또는 Kolomark$^{TM}$) 24개 또는 20개를 연속적으로 3일간 복용시킨 후 4일째 복부 방사선 사진을 촬영하여 대장통과시간을 측정하여 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: 내원한 환아의 평균 연령은 $8.2{\pm}3.9$세로 5세 이하 116명, 5세 초과부터 10세 이하 202명, 10세 초과 171명이었다. 대변표현형은 묽은 변 65명(13.3%), 정상 변 221명(45.2%), 굳은 변 188명(38.4%), 묽은 변과 굳은 변이 교대하는 환아가 15명(3.1%)이었고, Bristol 대변형태는 type 1이 57명(11.7%), type 2가 66명(13.5%), type 3이 203명(41.5%), type 4가 108명(22.1%), type 5가 36명(7.4%), type 6이 18명(3.7%), type 7이 1명(0.2%)이었다. 환아의 평균대장통과시간은 $35.9{\pm}19.5$시간이었다. 연령군과 평균 대장통과시간은 상관관계(p=4)가 없었다. 환아의 대변표현형, Bristol 대변형태, 대장통과시간은 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계(p<0.001)를 보였으며, 환아가 진술한 대변표현형과 Bristol 형태는 유의한 상관관계(p<0.01)를 가지고 있었으나, 일치율은 묽은 변 29%, 정상 변 37%, 굳은 변 87%로 대변표현형이 굳은 변으로 감에 따라 높았고, 묽은 변으로 갈수록 일치율은 현저히 낮았다. 결 론: 대장통과시간 검사를 시행하지 못하는 환아에 있어서 Bristol 대변형태척도를 이용하여 대장통과시간을 예측하는 것이 임상 진료에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.