• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7587-7593
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• 2013

Background: Cancers of gastric and esophagus are the most frequent gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers in Iran. This study aimed to analyze time trends of GI tract cancers in Guilan province by gender and age to provide solid scientific evidence for cancer prevention and control. Materials and Methods: The data were obtained from the Guilan Cancer Registry System and Guilan Provincial Health Center, over the 15 year period between 1997 and 2011. Crude incidence and age standardized (AS)incidence rates were calculated and annual percent change was estimated by Joinpoint software for long term trend analysis. Results: During the study period, 8,332 cases of GI malignances with a male to female ratio of 1:1.73 were registered in Guilan province. The AS rates for esophageal, gastric, colon and rectal cancers were 5.97, 14.5, 7.59 and 3.58 per 105 respectively. While the trend was declining and relatively constant for esophageal and gastric cancer, respectively, the incidence trend for colon and rectal cancers was of increase over the period of the study. Conclusions: The results indicated that the incidence of GI cancers was relatively low in Guilan province compared to neighboring provinces. An effective cancer control program including prevention measures, early detection and effective treatment needs to be implemented to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6363-6368
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• 2012

Objective: The study aim was to prepare poly-DL-lactide-poly (PELA) microspheres encapsulating recombinant tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in an adenovirus to investigate its inhibition on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2. Methods: Microspheres were prepared by encapsulating the recombinant TIMP-1 adenovirus into biodegradable PELA. The particle size, viral load, encapsulation efficiency and in-vitro release were measured. Microspheres were used to infect HepG2 cells, then infection efficiency was examined under a fluorescent microscope and ultrastructural changes assessed by TEM. Expression of TIMP-1 mRNA in HepG2 cells was examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and proliferation by MTT and cell growth curve assays. Results: We successfully prepared microspheres encapsulating recombinant TIMP-1 adenovirus with a diameter of $1.965{\mu}m$, an encapsulation efficiency of 60.0%, a viral load of $10.5{\times}10^8/mg$ and approximate 60% of virus release within 120 h, the total releasing time of which was longer than 240 h. The microspheres were confirmed to be non-toxic with blank microspheres. Infected HepG2 cells could stably maintain in-vitro expression of TIMP-1, with significantly effects on biological behaviour Conclusion: PELA microspheres encapsulating a recombinant TIMP-1 adenovirus can markedly inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells, which provides an experimental basis for polymer/chemistry-based gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinomas.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2014

Foreign body ingestion is a common problem among paediatric populations. Most of the ingested foreign bodies spontaneously pass through the gastrointestinal tract, but approximately less then 10% of them remain without being discharged, and trigger complications. Therefore, proper evaluation and treatment according to the situation is required. In this study, clinical progress and complications were analyzed according to the clinical features and treatment in children who ingested foreign bodies. Among pediatric patients under 18 who were admitted to Chonnam National University Hospital after ingesting foreign bodies between January 2008 to June 2012, only the patients who had their foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract were included in this study. Based on medical records, age, type of foreign body, time spent till admission, and whether the endoscopy was done or not, complication were researched retrospectively. According to symptoms and plain abdomen X-ray findings, treatment was chosen and conducted among endoscopy, observation and emergency operation. Among 273 patients, 9 (3.3%) of them had surgical removal. Seven (2.6%) of them had an emergency operation on the day of admission, and the rest 2 (0.7%) had operation during observation. Removal through initial endoscopic approach was tried in 157 (57.5%) patients. Eleven (70.8%) of them had their foreign body removed at the initial trial, and 5 (4.9%) of them at the second trial. Among 109, who were on observation status, 9 (8.3%) of them needed endoscopic removal, and 2 (1.8%) of them suffered from surgical removal. It is thought to be better to approach slowly considering the type, size and symptoms in foreign body ingestion of pediatric patients, rather than immediate and invasive removal.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5395-5399
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic colorectal resection in a period of learning curve completed by surgeons with different experience and aptitudes with a view to making clear whether seniors had a better learning curve compared with juniors. Methods: From May 2010 to August 2012, the first twenty patients underwent laparoscopic colorectal resection completed by each surgeon were selected for analysis retrospectively. A total of 240 patients treated by 5 seniors and 7 juniors were divided into the senior group (n=100) and the junior group (n=140). The short-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery of the two groups were compared. Results: The mean numbers of lymph nodes harvested were $21.2{\pm}11.0$ in the senior group and $17.3{\pm}11.5$ in the junior group (p=0.010); The mean operative times were $187.9{\pm}60.0min$ as compared to $231.3{\pm}55.7min$ (p=0.006), and blood loss values were $177.0{\pm}100.7ml$ and $234.0{\pm}185ml$, respectively (p=0.001); Conversion rate in the senior group was obviously lower than in the junior group (10.0% vs 20.7%, p=0.027) and the mean time to passing of first flatus were $3.3{\pm}0.9$ and $3.8{\pm}0.9$ days (p=0.001). For low rectal cancer, the sphincter preserving rates were 68.7% and 35.3% (p=0.027). Conclusions: Seniors could perform laparoscopic colorectal resection with relatively better oncological outcomes and quicker recovery, and seniors could master the laparoscopic skill more easily and quickly. Seniors had a better learning curve for laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection compared to juniors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1571-1574
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• 2015

Background: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) decreases the prevalence of gastric cancer, and may inhibit gastric precancerous lesions progression into gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of treatment on subsequent gastric precancerous lesion development. Materials and Methods: We prospectively studied 27 patients who had low grade dysplasia at the time of enrollment, in addition to dysplasia atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia observed in all patients. All were prescribed quadruple therapy to treat H. Pylori infection for 10 days. Patients underwent endoscopy with biopsy at enrollment and then at follow up two years later. Biopsy samples included five biopsies from the antrum of lesser curvature, antrum of greater curvature, angularis, body of stomach and fundus. Results of these biopsies were compared before and after treatment. Results: Overall, the successful eradication rate after two years was 15/27 (55.6%). After antibiotic therapy, the number of patients with low grade dysplasia decreased significantly (p=0.03), also with reduction of the atrophic lesions (p=0.01), but not metaplasia. Conclusions: Treatment of H. pylori likely is an effective therapy in preventing the development of subsequent gastric premalignant lesions.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.255-266
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• 2017

Purpose: Although Roux-en-Y (R-Y) reconstruction after distal gastrectomy has several advantages, such as prevention of bile reflux into the remnant stomach, it is rarely used because of the technical difficulty. This prospective randomized clinical trial aimed to show the efficacy of a novel method of R-Y reconstruction involving the use of 2 circular staplers by comparing this novel method to Billroth-I (B-I) reconstruction. Materials and Methods: A total of 118 patients were randomly allocated into the R-Y (59 patients) and B-I reconstruction (59 patients) groups. R-Y anastomosis was performed using two circular staplers and no hand sewing. The primary end-point of this clinical trial was the reflux of bile into the remnant stomach evaluated using endoscopic and histological findings at 6 months after surgery. Results: No significant differences in clinicopathological findings were observed between the 2 groups. Although anastomosis time was significantly longer for the patients of the R-Y group (P<0.001), no difference was detected between the 2 groups in terms of the total surgery duration (P=0.112). Endoscopic findings showed a significant reduction of bile reflux in the remnant stomach in the R-Y group (P<0.001), and the histological findings showed that reflux gastritis was more significant in the B-I group than in the R-Y group (P=0.026). Conclusions: The results of this randomized controlled clinical trial showed that compared with B-I reconstruction, R-Y reconstruction using circular staplers is a safe and feasible procedure. This clinical trial study was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov (registration No. NCT01142271).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.4295-4299
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• 2014

Background: Surgery offers the only potential for cure and long-term survival of recurrence of rectal cancer. Few studies about laparoscopic recurrent lesion resection have been reported. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic abdomino-perineal resection for anastomotic recurrence of rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: Data for 42 patients with recurrence of rectal cancer were collected retrospectively. Of the 42 patients, 22 underwent laparoscopic surgery (LR group) and 20 received open surgery (OR group). Outcomes between the two groups were compared. Results: Operation time in LR group was shorter compared with the OR group ($164.6{\pm}27.7min$ vs $203.0{\pm}45.3min$); intra-operative blood loss was $119.7{\pm}44.4ml$ and $185.0{\cdot}94.0ml$ in LR group and OR group, respectively (p<0.001); time to first flatus in LR group was shorter than in OR group, and the difference was statistically significant ($2.6{\pm}0.8$ days vs $3.1{\pm}0.8$ days, p=0.013); hospital stay in the LR and OR groups was $8.6{\pm}1.3$ days and $9.8{\pm}2.2$ days; 3-year survival rates in the LR and OR groups were 44.4% and 42.8% (p=0.915) and the 3-year disease-free survival rates were 36.4% and 30.0%, respectively (p=0.737). Conclusions: Laparoscopic abdomino-perineal resection is safe and feasible for anastomotic recurrence of rectal cancer.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.85-92
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• 2016

Objectives： This study is experimental comparison of brown rice (BR) and germinated brown rice (GBR) on upper gastrointestinal diseases animal models.Methods： The ICR mice were divided randomly into four groups of six animals each (Normal mice, gastritis mice, gastritis mice treated with BR, gastritis mice treated with 48h GBR). Gastritis was induced by administration of 0.5 mL 150 mM HCl-60% ethanol. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups after 1 week adaptation. (Normal rat, reflux esophagitis (RE) rat, RE rat treated with BR, RE rat treated with 24,30,36,48h GBR). Reflux esophagitis was induced by ligation with a 2-0 silk thread both the pylorus and the transitional junction between the forestomach and the corpus in SD rats.Results： HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury mice were ameliorated mucosal damage upon histological evaluation by treatment of 48h GBR than BR. Optical changes such as hyperemia and multiple erosions were observed in the rats with RE and damage to the normal rats was not apparent. The oral administration of GBR significantly diminished against gross mucosal damage in a germination time-dependent manner. Also, the administration of GBR suppressed the biomarker of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and produces peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in serum. However, the administration of GBR could not affect to the pH level secreted from stomach when compared with Control group.Conclusions： These findings suggest that GBR could have improving effects on upper gastrointestinal diseases in a germination time-dependent manner.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.191-194
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• 2003

Purpose: Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the stomach account for only about $0.3\%$ of all gastric tumors. The prognosis of this disease is very poor compared with the common type of gastric adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this retrospective study was to review the clinicopathologic features of 18 cases of this unusual gastric tumor and to establish a treatment strategy for this tumor. Materials and Methods: Excluding 2 cases of non-curative resection and 1 case of operative mortality, 18 cases of typical neuroendocrine carcinoma who had curative resection from January 1991 to December 2000 at Asan Medical Center were analyzed; 6841 gastric cancer patient were treated surgically during the same period. Results: The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 58.6 years (range: $35\∼75$ yr). Sixteen patients were male, and two were female. Eleven tumors ($61.1\%$) developed in the lower part of the stomach, three ($16.7\%$) in the middle part, and three ($16.7\%$) in the upper part. One tumor involved the entire stomach. Eight cases ($44.4\%$) were Borrmann type 2, and six case ($33.3\%$) were Borrmann type 3. The mean tumor size was 6.94 cm (range: $0.6\∼15$ cm). Nine cases ($50\%$) showed recurrence of the disease, and eight of them died within 20 months. Of the nine recurred cases, 7 cases ($77.8\%$) showed liver metastasis. The mean disease-free interval was 6.8 months (range: $2.5\∼11$ months) after surgical resection, and the mean survival was 17.9 months (range: $8\∼40$ months) for recurrence cases. One patient with liver metastasis was treated with a liver-wedge resection just after diagnosis and was still alive for 37.5 months postoperatively. There were 9 deaths after the median follow- up period of 40 months (range: $8\∼72$ months). Conclusion: Gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas frequently recur at the liver, even in early stage cancer, and have a poor prognosis. We experienced a case of successful control of hepatic metastasis by surgical resection and a case of a small cell carcinoma which was successfully controlled with systemic chemotherapy.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2008

In this present study Indian traditional Ayurvedic herbal formulation Amritaristo has been studied to assess the general pharmacological effect on mice. The drug showed no significant activity on the neuropharmacological test models experimented. The increased pentobarbital sleeping time was considered related with hepatic metabolism of pentobarbital. The formulation exhibited a non-significant reduction of gastrointestinal motility, and devoid of any acute diuretic activity. The tested drug revealed antidiarrhoeal activity on castor oil-induced model, whereas on magnesium sulphate-induced model no effect was observed.