• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.675-702
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• 2023

Objective: This study assessed the effectiveness of using Yijung-tang to treat chronic gastritis through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: The search was conducted using keywords such as "gastritis", "Lizhong", "Yijung", and "Chronic gastritis" on July 31, 2023. A meta-analysis was conducted according to outcome measurements, such as total effective rate (TER), Traditional chinese medicine symptom score (TSS), gastric hormones, and symptom relief time, using the Review Manager website. Results: A total of 11 RCT studies were selected. The treatment group (Yijung-tang-gagam or Yijung-tang-gagam+Western medicine) showed significant improvement effects in terms of TER, TSS, serum gastrointestinal hormones (motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), and somatostatin (SS)), and symptom relief time compared to the control group (Western medicine). TER-RR : 1.20, 95% CI : 1.11 to 1.30, P≤0.00001, RR : 1.21, 95% CI : 1.14 to 1.28, P≤0.00001; MTL-MD : 35.99, 95% CI : 30.79 to 41.20, P≤0.00001); GAS-MD : 103.33, 95% CI : 97.62 to 109.04, P≤0.00001); SS : MD : -37.19, 95% CI : -41.75 to -32.64, P≤0.00001; symptom relief time (nausea)-MD : -1.96, 95% CI : -2.47 to -1.45, P≤0.00001; symptom relief time (colic)-MD : -1.75, 95% CI : -2.31 to -1.18, P≤0.00001. Conclusion: This study suggests that Yijung-tang is effective against chronic gastritis. However, the number of studies was insufficient, and the diagnosis and evaluation criteria were not standardized. Furthermore, because of the low quality of the included studies, more clinical studies need to be conducted to increase the possibility of clinical use.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2004

We undertook this study to investigate the effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture on colonic transit time in old age constipation persons. Twenty three volunteers were old age constipation persons(mean age 69.72±2.43 years, mean defecation rate 1.83±0.41/week). Before acupuncture was only to check the radio-opaque markers transit time all the way through gastrointestinal tract. Simple acupuncture was to apply acupuncture therapy for three days. The fourth acupoints(both ST.25, TE.6) were selected and the needle was kept for 15 minutes. Electroacupuncture was same as the simple acupuncture except for applying 2Hz electrical stimulation. After Then we compare with three method Each transit time in the whole colon, right colon, left colon and rectosigmoid colon were checked in the order of before acupuncture, simple acupuncture, and electroacupuncture stimulation. In the before acupuncture stimulation, the transit time in each part of colon was as follows 19.48±1.76 32.74±2.69 25.61±2.13 76.62±7.95 hours. Simple acupuncture stimulation, the transit time was 17.47±1.10 33.10±1.87 24.12±1.65 74.87±3.91 hours. Compared with before acupuncture stimulation, the transit time was significantly shortened(P<0.05), especially in right colon transit time of simple acupuncture stimulation was significantly shortened(P<0.05). Electroacupuncture stimulation, was 16.32±1.97 32.91±2.48 21.53±1.94 71.59±2.82. Compared with the previous two trial, transit time in right colon and rectosigmoid colon were significantly shortened(P<0.05). Acupuncture and electroacupuncture stimulation change on the right colonic transit time in old age constipation persons and rectosigmoid colonic transit time was changed as electroacupuncture stimulation. In other words, old age constipation persons who suffer chronic constipation, acupuncture and electroacupuncture stimulation reduces the total colonic transit time.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2013

위배출 시간 측정(Gastric Emptying Time, GET)은 비침습적이고 정량적 평가 방법으로서 주로 내시경이나 방사선적 검사로 기계적 폐쇄가 없음이 확인된 위정체 증상을 보이는 환자를 검사한다. 이와 같은 일반적인 위배출 시간 측정 검사 외에 식도암 환자(식도 절제술을 시행한)를 대상으로 수술 직후와 1년 이상의 시간이 지난 후의 위배출 시간 측정 검사를 시행하여, 수술 후 흉강내에서 위장 기능의 평가 자료로서 위배출 시간 측정 검사의 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 본원을 내원해서 식도 절제술을 시행한 환자 93명을 대상으로 위배출 시간 측정 검사를 수술 직후와 1년 이상의 시간이 지난 후에 두 번 시행하였다. 환자의 검사 전 준비사항으로는 12시간 이상 밤새 공복과 약재나 흡연을 중단 시켜야 하고 당뇨병 환자는 인슐린 주사 후 아침 일찍 검사하는 것이 이상적이다. 검사 방법은 유동식의 위배출 시간 측정은 예민도가 떨어지므로 시행하지 않고, 고형식의 위배출 시간 측정 방법으로 $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$로 표지된 레진이 들어간 계란찜, 그리고 김밥과 점성이 높은 발효유와 함께 먹은 후 입위 자세로 3시간 동안 측정하였다. 검사의 평가 방법은 위배출 곡선 상에서 위내 방사능치가 50%가 되는 시간, 즉 반감기(T1/2)를 구하였고, 반감기가 180분 이상시 지연 위배출, 180분 이내는 중등도, 삼킴과 동시에 소장으로 넘어가는 경우를 급속 위배출로 구분하였다. 일반적인 위배출 시간 측정 영상은 위의 전정부와 위저부가 강하게 나타나는 영상에서 시간이 지남에 따라 소장으로 넘어가는 영상이지만, 식도 절제술을 시행한 식도암 환자는 흉강쪽에 강한 집적 영상을 보였다. 수술 직후 반감기(T1/2)는 급속 위배출이 12.9%, 중등도 위배출이 52.7%, 지연 위배출이 34.4%로 나타났다. 이후 1년 이상의 시간이 흐른 뒤의 반감기 결과는 수술 직후 급속 위배출 환자 중 67%가 중등도 위배출로, 지연 위배출을 보였던 환자는 69%가 중등도 위배출로 나타났다. 중등도 위배출을 보였던 환자 중 급속 위배출 이나 지연 위배출로 나빠진 경우는 24%이다. 식도 절제술을 시행한 식도암 환자의 위배출 시간 측정 검사는 반감기(T1/2)가 급속 위배출 및 지연 위배출에서 시간이 지날수록 중등도 위배출로 변하는 소견을 보였다. 이는 주로 위를 보는 위배출 시간 측정 검사가 흉강내의 식도를 대신하는 위장 기능의 평가에도 유용하게 쓰일 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 그리고 평가 기준을 세분화하고 검사의 시간 간격을 좁힌다면 좀 더 많은 정보와 분석으로 정확한 임상 진단과 평가가 이루어질 것으로 보인다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1803-1806
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• 2014

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was originally developed for en bloc resection of large, flat gastrointestinal lesions. Compared with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), ESD is considered to be more time consuming and have more complications for treatment of early esophageal carcinoma, such as bleeding, stenosis and perforation. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of ESD and EMR for such lesions. We searched databases, such as PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Science Citation Index updated to 2013 for related trials. In the meta-analysis, the main outcome measurements were the en bloc resection rate, the histologically resection rate and the local recurrence rate. We also compared the operation time and the incidences of procedure-related complications. Five trials were identified, and a total of 710 patients and 795 lesions were included. The en bloc and histologically complete resection rates were higher in the ESD group compared with the EMR group (odds ratio (OR) 27.3; 95% CI, 11.5-64.8; OR 18.4; 95% CI, 8.82-38.59). The local recurrence rate was lower in the ESD group (OR 0.13, 95 % CI 0.04-0.43). The meta-analysis also showed ESD was more time consuming, but did not increase the complication rate (P=0.76). The results implied that compared with EMR, ESD showed better en bloc and histologically resection rates, and lower local recurrence, without increasing the incidence of procedure-related complications in the treatment of early esophageal carcinoma.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1998

The purpose of simple abdomen erect projection is to see the fluid level which indicates gastrointestinal ileus or free air due to perforation. we do not have to insist on low kVp technique in simple abdomen erect position as long as we can detect the fluid level and free air shadow. Therefore, the author tried to decrease patient dose by high kVp technique and to improve the image quality due to motion artifact by reduction of exposure time. [Methods] Experiment 1. * screen/film SRO1000/HRH * exposure factor : $140\;kvp{\pm}5\;kv$ with added filters, 200 mA, 0.01 sec * phantom : Acryles : 15.0 cm(equivalent to 17 cm body thickness) 17.5 cm(equivalent to 21 cm body thickness) 20.0 cm (equivalent to 25 cm body thickness) With the exposure factor for same film density($D=0.8{\pm}0.1$) and with the materials above, we tried to find out entrance skin dose and gonad dose for both male and female. Experiment 2. Burger's phantom radiography were checked to see whether there was any change of image quality according to the kVp and the added filters. Experiment 3. Using rotating meter(self made), we examined the motion artifact and the exposure time limitation. [Results and conculution] 1. Using high voltage technique of 140 kVp with added filter, Skin dose, testicle dose and ovary dose decrease to 89.3%, 47% and 71.4% respectively compare to 70 kVp technique, 2. No great changes of Burger's phantom image has detected as from 70 kVp to 140 kVp and the air hole size of Burger's phantom over 0.028 cc(Diameter 3 mm, hight 4 mm) can be distinghished. 3. 0.01 sec(1 pulse) exposure time is possible in the single phase full wave rectification that why we can quitely reduce the unsharness caused by patient's movement.

• 대한종양외과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2018

Purpose: The standard treatment of esophageal cancer is the Ivor-Lewis operation, which consists of an abdominal phase involving gastric tube formation, and a chest phase involving esophagectomy and anastomosis. We aimed to report our experience of performing thoracic esophagectomy with the laparoscopic gastric pull up (LGPU) technique and its surgical outcomes. Methods: Clinicopathologic data and short-term surgical outcomes of 14 patients who underwent LGPU for thoracic esophageal cancer from August 2008 to May 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Mean age of the patients was 62.3 years and mean body mass index was $21.7kg/m^2$. Eleven patients had medical comorbidities. Patients' mean American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 2. Mean operation time was 428.5 minutes, with the mean abdominal operation time being 138.9 minutes. There was no open conversion case. Three patients had pneumonia, three patients had surgical site infection, and one patient had subcutaneous emphysema within 30 days after surgery. One patient had minor anastomosis site leakage. There was one 30-day mortality case. One patient with postoperative aspiration pneumonia developed acute respiratory distress disease, and died due to sepsis. Mean postoperative intensive care unit stay was 3.5 days, and mean postoperative hospital stay was 20.6 days. Nasogastric tubes were removed on average at 3.4 days, and mean oral intake time was 3.4 days. Conclusion: If the gastrointestinal surgeon has extensive experience in laparoscopic procedures, LGPU will be a safe and feasible technique for thoracic esophagectomy in patients with intrathoracic esophageal cancer.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1030-1051
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• 2020

Objective: This study investigated the measurement interval in the ultrasonographic gastric emptying test for patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and the correlation between gastric emptying and the findings of various questionnaires. Methods: In total, 119 patients (59 patients with FD and 60 healthy controls) were recruited from July 2018 to June 2020. Gastric volume (GV) and gastric emptying half-time (T1/2) were measured by ultrasonography at fasting and again at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after meals (apple juice, 500 mL, 224 kcal), and the average half-time (average T1/2) was calculated. Questionnaires on food retention (FRQ), phlegm pattern e (PPQ), cold and heat (CHQ), deficiency and excess (DEQ), and spleen-qi deficiency (SQDQ), stomach qi deficiency pattern (SSDQ), visual analogue scale (VAS), and Nepean dyspepsia index-Korean version (NDI-K) were completed by all participants. The differences in GV and T1/2 were analyzed in participants whose maximal GV occurred at 0 min versus after 0 min. The correlation of the average T1/2 with the questionnaire scores was also analyzed after excluding erroneous data. Results: Patients with FD who took a certain amount of time to reach maximal GV after meals had a greater gastric volume up to about 30 minutes after meals, and the PPQ, DEQ, and NDI-K scores, especially for upper gastrointestinal symptoms and general weakness-related symptoms, showed statistically significant correlations with average T1/2. Conclusions: Ultrasonography can be a quantitative evaluation tool for FD. However, further studies on measurement methods based on FD physiopathology are required.

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2019

Background/Aims Delayed gastric emptying (GE) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in subjects with diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate associations between GE time and the major cardiovascular events (coronary heart diseases and ischemic stroke) in diabetic subjects with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) symptoms. Methods Among 259 subjects with chronic UGI symptoms who underwent gastric emptying study (GES) over 13 years, 122 diabetic subjects without gastric surgery and/or rapid GE were enrolled in this study. We also gathered data about baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, estimated GE half-time (GE T½) and incidence of cardiovascular events following GES. Results The mean age of subjects was 64.0 ± 17.4 years. There were 86 women and 104 subjects with type 2 diabetes. There were 52 (42.6%) subjects with normal GE, 50 (41.0.%) subjects with mild delayed GE, and 20 (16.4%) subjects with marked delayed GE. During follow-up (median, 207 weeks), cardiovascular events occurred in 7 (13.5%) subjects with normal GE, 4 (8.0%) subjects with mild delayed GE and 7 (35.0%) subjects with marked GE (P = 0.015). Univariate analysis showed that GE T½ was significantly associated with incidence of cardiovascular events (crude OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.12-2.69; P = 0.014). In a multivariate model, association between GE T½ and incidence of cardiovascular events remained statistically significant after adjustment for baseline characteristics and comorbidities (adjusted OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.21-3.12; P = 0.006). Conclusion A delay of GE was associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events in diabetic subjects with chronic UGI symptoms.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.99-115
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• 2023

Purpose: Exclusive breastfeeding promotes gut microbial compositions associated with lower rates of metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Its cessation is implicated in increased microbiome-metabolome discordance, suggesting a vulnerability to dietary changes. Formula supplementation is common within our low-income, ethnic-minority community. We studied exclusively breastfed (EBF) neonates' early microbiome-metabolome coupling in efforts to build foundational knowledge needed to target this inequality. Methods: Maternal surveys and stool samples from seven EBF neonates at first transitional stool (0-24 hours), discharge (30-48 hours), and at first appointment (days 3-5) were collected. Survey included demographics, feeding method, medications, medical history and tobacco and alcohol use. Stool samples were processed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and lipid analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Alpha and beta diversity analyses and Procrustes randomization for associations were carried out. Results: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were the most abundant taxa. Variation in microbiome composition was greater between individuals than within (p=0.001). Palmitic, oleic, stearic, and linoleic acids were the most abundant lipids. Variation in lipid composition was greater between individuals than within (p=0.040). Multivariate composition of the metabolome, but not microbiome, correlated with time (p=0.030). Total lipids, saturated lipids, and unsaturated lipids concentrations increased over time (p=0.012, p=0.008, p=0.023). Alpha diversity did not correlate with time (p=0.403). Microbiome composition was not associated with each samples' metabolome (p=0.450). Conclusion: Neonate gut microbiomes were unique to each neonate; respective metabolome profiles demonstrated generalizable temporal developments. The overall variability suggests potential interplay between influences including maternal breastmilk composition, amount consumed and living environment.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2010

살모넬라는 음식과 식수에서 흔히 나오는 중요한 병원체로 세계 곳곳에서 급성 위장염과 같은 감염증을 일으키며, 일반적으로 인간의 혈청형 임상종으로는 Salmonella enterica의 혈청형인 S. Typhimurium과 S. Enteritidis가 있다. 일반적인 검출 방법으로 살모넬라를 기본으로 하여 선택적인 배양으로 샘플을 수집하였고 살모넬라를 일으키는 군체의 특징을 생화학과 혈청학상인 테스트를 하였으나 이러한 방법들은 일반적으로 시간이 걸리고 높은 감도를 보이지 않았다. 최근, 등온증폭반응법과 real-time PCR법을 이용하여 높은 감도, 특이성으로 현재 병원성 박테리아에 빠르게 수행할 수 있게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 등온증폭반응과 real-time PCR법을 사용하여 S. Typhimurium과 S. Enteritidis의 검출하였다. 선택적인 타겟 유전자로, invA를 살모넬라종의 염기서열에 특이적으로 임의복제 하였다. 등온증폭반응과 real-time PCR은 살모넬라종으로부터 임의의 염기서열을 증폭하여 검출하였고, invA는 S. Typhimurium과 S. Enteritidis의 두 가지 종을 모두 검출하였다. 이러한 등온증폭반응과 real-time PCR법으로 S.Typhimurium과 S. Enteritidis의 검출 가능성을 보였으며, 살모넬라 종에 대한 특이성, 민감성을 갖춘 유용한 검출방법을 제시하였다.