• Title/Summary/Keyword: gastric acid

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Addition of Starters in Pasteurized Brined Baechu Cabbage Increased Kimchi Quality and Health Functionality (저온살균 절임배추에 Starter 첨가로 인한 김치의 품질 및 기능성 증진)

  • Han, Gwi-Jung;Choi, Hye-Sun;Lee, Sun-Mi;Lee, Eun-Ji;Park, So-Eun;Park, Kun-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.110-115
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    • 2011
  • Shelf-life of brined baechu cabbage was extended by pasteurization at $65^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Starters (Leu. citreum and Lab. plantarum) were added to the pasteurized brined cabbage to supply beneficial lactic acid bacteria during kimchi fermentation. Control kimchis made with baechu cabbage without pasteurization and no addition of the starters to the pasteurized cabbage kimchi were also prepared. The fermentation characteristics and health functionalities of DPPH free radical scavenging activities and in vitro anticancer effects in AGS human gastric cancer cells were compared. The pasteurized brined cabbage could not be fermented well and the functionalities were also low; however, the addition of starter(s), especially mixed starters of Leu. citreum and Lab. plantarum to the pasteurized brined cabbage, significantly increased the counts of lactic acid bacteria, hardness (texture) and overall acceptability in sensory evaluation. The free radical scavenging activities and the anticancer effects were also increased. The fermentation patterns of starter added kimchi prepared with pasteurized brined cabbage were similar to those of naturally fermented kimchi. It seemed that growth of lactic acid bacteria during kimchi fermentation contributed to increased taste and health functionality of kimchi.

Probiotic Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Strains Isolated from Kimchi (김치에서 분리한 Lactobacillus plantarum 균주들의 프로바이오틱 효과)

  • Lee, Xue-Mei;Lee, Hyun Ah;Kweon, Meera;Park, Eui-Seong;Park, Kun-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.45 no.12
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    • pp.1717-1724
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    • 2016
  • Probiotic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum pF1 NITE-P1462 (Lp-pF1), L. plantarum KCCM 11352P (Lp-PNU), L. plantarum CBT LP3 KCTC 10782BP (Lp-CB), and L. plantarum KCTC 3099 (Lp-3099) isolated from kimchi and Lactococcus lactis KFCC 11510P (L-lactis) isolated from Doenjang were studied. Resistance to gastric and bile acid, adhesion to intestines in colon cells, thermal stability, and antioxidative and in vitro anticancer effects in HT-29 cancer cells were evaluated. L. plantarum strains showed improved tolerance of gastric and bile acids than L-lactis. Lp-pF1 had better adhesion ability in the intestine than Lp-PNU, Lp-3099, and L-lactis. Lp-pF1 also showed better heat resistance at $50^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$, and $80^{\circ}C$ than Lp-CB, Lp-3099, and L-lactis. In addition, Lp-pF1 exhibited greater antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH radicals or hydroxyl radicals and anticancer effects in MTT assay than others. Taken together, these results suggest that L. plantarum isolated from kimchi showed higher probiotic activities with antioxidant and anticancer properties than Lac. lactis isolated from Doenjang. Lp-pF1 revealed the best probiotic activities among L. plantarum and could be used as a promising potential probiotics.

Comparing the Properties and Functionality of Kimchi Made with Korean or Japanese Baechu Cabbage and Recipes (한국산 및 일본산 배추를 이용하여 제조한 한국식 김치와 일본식 김치의 품질 특성과 기능성 비교)

  • Kim, Hee-Young;Kil, Jeung-Ha;Park, Kun-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.520-526
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    • 2013
  • To determine the kimchi with the best quality and functional characteristics, we manufactured and compared recipes for Korean and Japanese kimchi made either Korean or Japanese baechu cabbages. All batches were fermented for 4 weeks at $5^{\circ}C$, and tested for pH, texture, microbial count, sensory evaluation, DPPH radical-scavenging activity, and cell proliferation (using the MTT assay on AGS human gastric cancer cells). By the third week of fermentation, Korean kimchi made with Korean baechu (KK) and Japanese kimchi made with Korean baechu (KJ) showed a higher acidity than Korean or Japanese kimchi made with Japanese baechu (JK and JJ, respectively). KK ranked highest in springiness, followed by KJ, JK, and JJ. Therefore, the texture of kimchi produced with Korean baechu was appears better than kimchi produced with Japanese baechu. This was confirmed in masticatory tests. Kimchi produced with Korean baechu (KK and KJ) showed lower total aerobic bacterial counts, while the total lactic acid bacterial counts were higher (p<0.05). In sensory evaluation test, KK received the highest overall acceptability score, while JJ earned the lowest score. In the DPPH assay for anti-oxidative activity, KK showed a 94% anti-oxidative effect, followed by KJ (92%), JK (91%), and JJ (88%) (p<0.05). In the MTT assay for analyzing the cell proliferation of AGS human gastric cancer cells, KK showed a 64% anticancer effect in vitro, followed by KJ (57%), JK (38%), and JJ (26%). Therefore, the anti-oxidative and anti-cancer functionalities of kimchi made with Korean baechu were higher than those made with Japanese baechu, regardless of the kimchi recipe applied. Overall, Korean baechu had important and superior effects on the quality and functionality of kimchi.

Studies on Anisakis Type Larvae (Anisakis 형(型) 유충(幼蟲)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Lim, Jung Teck
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.293-307
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    • 1975
  • As it has been known recently that anisakis type larvae harbouring in marine fishes are a causal agent of zoonosis to human and probably to land living mammal animals, attention was focused on the study on the larvae in an aspect of epidemiology or epizootiology. The present work was conducted from 1966 to 1975 for i) survey on the harbouring status of anisakis type larvae in marine fishes of this country, ii) observation on the response to the experimental infestation of the larvae to the pigs, in the reason that they could well fetid raw fish viscera occasionally containing the larvae as a high protein source of swine food, and iii) observation on the larval resistance and response to vermicidal agents for the purpose of prevention of the larval infection to the mammal animals. The data obtained in the studies were summarized as follows: 1. In the survey on the status of larvae harbouring in main species of marine fishes of this country, 15 species, a total of 1,940 fishes, were observed and the result was summarized in table 2. Average number of larvae, in upper rank of 5 out of all 15 species of fishes, were as highest as 156 larvae ranging 74 to 450 in Pseudosciaena manchurica (chamjogi), 54.5 ranging 15 to 240 in Trichiurus haumela (kalchi), 35.6 ranging 8 to 112 in Trachurus japonica (junggengi), 30.6 ranging 4 to 65 in Parapristipama trilineatum (benjari) and 20.5 ranging 3 to 48 in Nibea argentata (boguchi) respectively. In morphological observation, size of the larvae in the fishes were varied, ranging from 2 to 32mm long, and a tendency to larger size and number of larvae in the fishes, which were wider sea migration, higher age and lager bodily size, was observed The favorite places harbouring the larvae in fishes were mainly around the intraperitoneal viscera such as mesentery, omentum, liver, pyloric suspensory, fat tissue and cloaca, and rarely in body muscles of fish. Fishes heartily infested with the larvae showed stunted growth decreased egg formation and severe damage of liver. 2. In the experimental infestation of the larvae to normal pigs, as illustrated in table 3, a group with large dose of larvae (a total of 1,800 larvae, 300 larvae Per dose, twice in a dart for 3 days) showed acute clinical syndrome terminatine death with a week course, whereas two groups with less dose of larvae (a total of 180~360 larvae, 10 larvae per dose, at 5 days interval for 70~180 days) showed subclinical syndrome with remarkably stunted growth as. much as approximately one half of body size in contest to the control pigs. In the pathological findings, a group with large dose of larvae showed macroscopically larvae penetrating to the gastric wall with severe gastroenteritis, and histopathologically various acute lesions caused by active larvae penetration into the wall of stomach and interstine, whereas two groups with less dose of larvae showed chronic lesions such as hypertrophy and verminous granulomatous swelling of gastric wall, suggesting strongly the possibility of natural infestation of larvae to swine. 3. In the resistance of the larvae to the chemical solutions, the larvae tolerated for 2 days in 15 percent solution of sodium chloride and acetic acid, and for 7 days in 70 percent solution of ethyl alcohol. In the resistance to the temperature, the larvae died within 1 second at $62^{\circ}C$ and tolerated for 24 hours at $-3^{\circ}C$, 12 hours $-5^{\circ}C$ respectively. 4. For the experiment on the vermicidal effect to larvae, general vermicidal drugs such as Neguvon, Combantrin, antimony Potassium, piperazine adipate and piperazine dihydrochloride, oxidizer such as potassium permanganate and potassium chlorate, and dyes such as gentian violet and crystal violet were used, and among them, as illustrated in table 6, potassium permanganate was proved as the best. In the successive test for the practical use of potassium permanganate, vermicidal effect in seawater solution of potassium permanganate and common-water solution of potassium permanganate were compared, and then retested by dipping the fish viscera including the larvae into the two different solutions of potassium permanganate. The result through these tests indicated that 0.01 percent common water and sea-water solution of potassium permanganate could be apparently recommended as a preventive vermicidal solution, having 90 to 100 percent vermicidal effect by dipping for 12 to 24 hours even though sea-water solution of potassium permanganate had a tendency to slightly less effect than the common-water solution of potassium permanganate (Table 8).

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Effects of Particle Size of Barley on Intestinal Morphology, Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Pigs

  • Morel, P.C.H.;Cottam, Y.H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.20 no.11
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    • pp.1738-1745
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    • 2007
  • A growth trial and a digestibility trial were conducted to examine the effect of feed particle size on the performance, nutrient digestibility, gastric ulceration and intestinal morphology in pigs fed barley-based diets. Barley was processed through a hammer mill to achieve four diets varying in particle size (average particle $size{\pm}standard $deviation): coarse ($1,100{\pm}2.19\;{\mu}m$), medium ($785{\pm}2.23\;{\mu}m$), fine ($434{\pm}1.70\;{\mu}m$) and mixed (1/3 of coarse, medium and fine) ($789{\pm}2.45\;{\mu}m$). Sixty-four entire male pigs were used in the growth trial and the diets were fed ad libitum between 31 kg and 87 kg live weight. Following slaughter, stomach and ileal tissues were scored for integrity (ulceration or damage) and histological measurements taken. Twenty-four entire male pigs were used in the digestibility trial, which involved total faecal collection. Over the entire growth phase, there were no differences (p>0.05) in average daily gain and feed conversion ratio between pigs fed diets of different particle size. Pigs fed the coarse and medium diets had lower (p<0.05) stomach ulceration scores (0.20 and 0.25, respectively, on a scale from 0 to 3) than those fed the mixed (0.69) or the fine diets (1.87). The stomachs of all animals fed the fine diet had lesions and stomach ulcerations were present only in this group. Pigs fed the fine diet had thicker (p<0.001) ileal epithelial cell layer with no differences (p>0.05) being observed for villous height or crypt depth. Faecal digestibility coefficients of neutral and acid detergent fibre were the highest (p<0.05) for the mixed diet, intermediate for the fine and coarse diets and the lowest for the medium diet. A similar numerical trend (p = 0.103) was observed for the apparent faecal energy digestibility coefficient. It is concluded that, with barley based diets, a variation in average particle size between $400{\mu}m$ and $1,100{\mu}m$ had no effect on pig performance but the fine dietary particle size affected the integrity of the stomach, as well as the structure of the small intestine, thus compromising overall gut health. Our data also demonstrate that changes in particle size distribution during the digestion process, rather than average particle size or particle size variation, are related to apparent faecal digestibility.

Production of Bioactive Yoghurt containing Cichorium intybus L. (Chicory) Extract - Preliminary Study

  • Jeong, Dana;Kim, Dong-Hyeon;Oh, Yong-Taek;Chon, Jung-Whan;Kim, Hyunsook;Jeong, Dong-Kwan;Kim, Hong-Seok;Kim, Yun-Gyeong;Song, Kwang-Young;Kim, Young-Ji;Kang, Il-Byung;Park, Jin-Hyeong;Chang, Ho-Seok;Lim, Hyon-Woo;Seo, Kun-Ho
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2017
  • Cichorium intybus L. (chicory) roots and leaves are widely used in herbal preparations, which have beneficial effects on the stimulation of digestion and metabolism of food ingredients, gastric juice excretion, diuretic action, and bile excretion. Notably, chicory root is well known as a source of polyphenols, compounds with recognized value in health improvement. In this study, we examined the physicochemical characteristics (TA, pH, and sensory evaluation) of bioactive yoghurt containing different concentrations of chicory. With increasing incubation time (5 h), the TA of the yoghurt increased whereas the pH decreased, regardless of the amount of chicory. As the amount of chicory increased, the scores for color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability generally decreased. Among the tested groups, yoghurt with the addition of 1% chicory attained the highest scores. Further studies on the production of bioactive yogurt with optimum chicory concentration are needed.

Genomic Diversity of Helicobacter pylori

  • Lee, Woo-Kon;Choi, Sang-Haeng;Park, Seong-Gyu;Choi, Yeo-Jeong;Choe, Mi-Young;Park, Jeong-Won;Jung, Sun-Ae;Byun, Eun-Young;Song, Jae-Young;Jung, Tae-Sung;Lee, Byung-Sang;Baik, Seung-Chul;Cho, Myung-Je
    • The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.519-532
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    • 1999
  • Helicobacter pylori is a causative agent of type B gastritis and plays a central role in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. To elucidate the host-parasite relationship of the H. pylori infection on the basis of molecular biology, we tried to evaluate the genomic diversity of H. pylori. An ordered overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of a Korean isolate, H. pylori 51 was constructed to set up a genomic map. A circular physical map was constructed by aligning ApaI, NotI and SfiI-digested chromosomal DNA. When the physical map of H. pylori 51 was compared to that of unrelated strain, H. pylori 26695, completely different restriction patterns were shown. Fifteen known genes were mapped on the chromosome of H. pylori 51 and the genetic map was compared with those of strain 26695 and J99, of which the entire genomic sequences were reported. There were some variability in the gene location as well as gene order among three strains. For further analysis on the genomic diversity of H. pylori, when comparing the genomic structure of 150 H. pylori Korean isolates with one another, genomic macrodiversity of H. pylori was characterized by several features: whether or not susceptible to restriction digestion of the chromsome, variation in chromosomal restriction fingerprint and/or high frequency of gene rearrangement. We also examined the extent of allelic variation in nucleotide or deduced amino acid sequences at the individual gene level. fucT, cagA and vacA were confirmed to carry regions of high variation in nucleotide sequence among strains. The plasticity zone and strain-specific genes of H. pylori 51 were analyzed and compared with the former two genomic sequences. It should be noted that the H. pylori 51-specific sequences were dispersed on the chromosome, not congregated in the plasticity zone unlike J99- or 26695-specific genes, suggesting the high frequency of gene rearrangement in H. pylori genome. The genome of H. pylori 51 shows differences in the overall genomic organization, gene order, and even in the nucleotide sequences among the H. pylori strains, which are far greater than the differences reported on the genomic diversity of H. pylori.

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Clinical Characteristics of Acute Drug Intoxication in Emergency Department

  • Kim In Byung;Chun Sung Pil;Kim Seung Whan
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.299-303
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    • 2004
  • The number of acute drug intoxication who visiting to emergency department which is located near urban and rural area concomitantly is inclined to increase slightly, The purpose of this study was the investigation of methods and strategies of management of acute drug intoxication in emergency department Clinical trials were done on 92 cases of acute drug intoxication visiting to Emergency Department of Chungnam National University Hospital during 4 months from April to July 2003. 1. The total number of acute drug intoxication during this period was 92 patients, which presented 0.95% of all the emergency department visiting patients during the study. The intentional ingestions were observed in 84 cases (91.3%). 2. The maximal point of age distribution was 4th decade. The number of that was 21 cases (22.8%). 3. The number of patients who had ingested benzodiazepines and doxylamine succinates was 26 cases (28.2%), organophosphorus was 20 (21.7%), paraquat was 10 (10.8%), others were 36 (39.3%). 4. Five kinds of po1ydrug ingestion was observed in 3 cases, four kinds was observed in 3, three kinds was observed in 5 and co-ingestion of alcohol was observed in 28 cases (30.4%). 5. The mortality was occurred in 4 cases, 2 of them were caused by paraquat, 1 of them was caused by organophosphorus (OP), 1 of them was caused by acetic acid. 6. The gastric larvage as a mean of treatment modality was done in 57 cases (61.9%). The use of activated charcoal was done in 8 (8.69%). The maintenance of tracheal intubation was done in 6 (6.52%). 7. The mean observational period in emergency department was 8 hours 42 minutes in benzodiazepine and doxylamine succinate group, 21 hours 46 minutes in OP, 20 hours 39 minutes in other germicidal except OP, 23 hours 9 minutes in paraquat group. Without a drug information and intoxication center in Korea, We should minimize the exhaustion of medical resources by establishment of determinant criteria which can be seen in relatively less-complicated cases of acute drug intoxication. Thus, we should consider the introduction of simple toxicology treatment protocol and toxicologic observation unit in emergency department as possible means to reduce economical and social burdens.

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Study of the Amount and Share of Drug Cost in the Total Medical Fee under Medical Insurance Scheme (의료보험(醫療保險) 의약품(醫藥品)의 요양취급기관(療養取扱機關) 종별(種別), 약효군별(藥效群別), 상병별(傷病別) 사용(使用)에 관(關)한 조사연구(調査硏究))

  • Lee, Chu-Won;Hahn, Oh-Surk
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.22 no.2 s.26
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    • pp.223-235
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    • 1989
  • To grasp the idea about how drugs are used under Medical Insurance Scheme, the amount and share of drug cost in the total medical fee have been reviewed and analyzed for different types of patients (in-patient out-patient), medical institutions and frequently seen diseases and following findings were revealed. In 1986, drug cost took 32.78% of total medical fee for in-patients and 32.98% for out-patients averaged over 30% share as a whole. When drug cost per case in 1980 be indexed to 100, it has shown steady growth to become 200 for in-patients and about 150 for out-patients in 1986. The contribution of drug cost to the total medical fee is, regardless of patient type-in-patients and out-patients, the highest in University hospitals and followed by General hospitals, Hospitals and Clinics in decending order That for the most frequent 10 diseases came out the highest,79 a with the essential benign hypertension of out-patients in the General hospitals, 61% for the gastric ulcer of out-patients in Hospitals and 33% for the female genital diseases of out-patients in Clinics. The drug cost of oral formula was contributed the most, 7.93% by cardiovascular agents followed by hepatic detoxicants(5.47%) and out-patients(4.93%), and that of injectable formula was contributed the most by antibiotics(24.17%), followed by protein amino-acid preparations(6.19%). The order of drug usage by specialty for the in-patients was the highest with internal medicine followed by general surgery and E.N.T, and that for the out-parients was in the order of Internal medicine, neuropsychology and Ob/Gy. This study revealed that the drug dependency was characteristically different to specialty. In view of the fact that drug cost on average exceeds over 30% of total medical fee, proper drug administration appears to be vitally important for the stabilization of the financial standing of the Medical Insurance Scheme. As a consequence, drug usage guidelines including antibiotics usage shall be established first of all and the voluntary participation for the regulation of drug usage and propagation of the guidelines to medical institutions are strongly coerced.

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Preparation of γ-oryzanol-loaded pectin micro and nanocapsules and their characteristics according to particle size (감마오리자놀 함유 칼슘-펙틴 미세 및 나노캡슐의 제조와 입자 크기에 따른 캡슐특성)

  • Lee, Seul;Kim, Eun Suh;Lee, Ji-Soo;Lee, Hyeon Gyu
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.110-116
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    • 2017
  • ${\gamma}-Oryzanol-loaded$ calcium-pectin micro- and nanocapsules were prepared by ionic gelation to improve oxidation stability and the effect of particle size on capsule properties was investigated. The physical properties were influenced by preparation conditions such as concentrations of pectin, $CaCl_2$, ${\gamma}-oryzanol$, and hardening time. Particle sizes of micro- and nanocapsules that showed the maximum encapsulation efficiency and sustained release were $2.27{\pm}0.02mm$ and $347.7{\pm}58.1nm$, respectively. Microcapsules showed higher encapsulation efficiency ($50.73{\pm}1.98%$) than nanocapsules ($17.70{\pm}2.04%$), while nanocapsules showed more sustained release and higher stability than microcapsules. Release of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ from both microand nanocapsules, which was low in gastric environments and promoted in intestinal environments, showed suitable characteristics for oral administration. Furthermore, antioxidant activity of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ against autoxidation of linoleic acid was prolonged by both micro- and nanoencapsulation in a ferric thiocyanate test. Therefore, micro- and nanoencapsulation using pectin can be effective for improving biodelivery, stability, and antioxidant activity of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$.