• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.640-646
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• 2007

The cooling heat transfer coefficient of $CO_2$ (R-744) for tube and coil diameter (CD), inclined angle of tube and coil pitch of inclined helical coil type copper tubes were investigated experimentally. The main components of the refrigerant loop are a receiver, a variable-speed pump, a mass flow meter, a pre-heater and a inclined helical coil type gas cooler (test section). The test section consists of a smooth copper tube of 2.45 and 4.55 mm inner diameter (ID). The refrigerant mass flukes were varied from 200 to 800 [$kg/m^2s$] and the inlet pressures of gas cooler were 7.5 to 10.0 [MPa]. The heat transfer coefficients of $CO_2$ in inclined helical coil tube with 2.45 mm ID are $5{\sim}10.3%$ higher than those of 4.55 mm. The heat transfer coefficients of 41.35 mm CD are $8{\sim}32.4%$ higher than those of 26.75 mm CD. Comparison between $45^{\circ}\;and\;90^{\circ}$ of coil angle, the heat transfer coefficients of $45^{\circ}$ are higher than those of $90^{\circ}$. For coil pitch of gas cooler, the heat transfer coefficients of inclined helical coil gas cooler with coil pitch of 5 mm are similar to those of 10 and 15 mm.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.391-399
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• 2003

혈관내 산화는 급성 호흡 곤란 증후군 (ARDS)의 치료를 위해 관심을 갖고 있는 호흡보조방법이다. 그러나 ARDS 치료에 효과적인 임상적용을 위해서는 더 많은 기체교환을 통한 혈관내 산화가 필요했다. 본 연구에서는 헤모글로빈의 미세캡슐화가 혈액의 손상을 줄여줌으로 미세캡슐화를 통하여 진동형 혈관내 폐보조장치 (VIVLAD)의 기체교환을 향상시키고자 시도하였으며 또한 perfluorocarbone 유화액(PFC 유화액)을 사용하여 기체교환을 향상시키고자 하였다. 혈액 기체 측정은 순환장치의 정맥혈과 동맥혈 시료 채취구에서 채취하여 혈액./기체 분석기를 이용하여 수행하였다. Hemosome. 혈액/hemosome 혼합액과 혈액/PFC 유화액 혼합액의 기능은 혈액/기체 분석기를 사용한 산소 해리 곡선에 의하여 평가되었다. 그 결과. hemosome과 혈액/hemosome 혼합액의 산소 전달은 전혈의 산소전달보다 각각 더 효과적이었으며 또한 PFC 유화액의 이산화탄소 전달속도는 다른 용액들보다 우수하였다. 그러므로 hemosome 용액과 PFC 유화액은 산소전달속도와 이산화탄소 전달속도를 각각 향상시킬 수 있으리라 판단하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.489-498
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• 1998

Among the heat/mass exchange units composing an absorption system, the absorber, where the refrigerant vapor is absorbed into the liquid solution is the one least understood. In the present study, the effects of non-absorbable gas on the absorption process of aqueous lithium bromide solution falling film inside a vertical tube were experimentally investigated. In the range of film Reynolds number of 30 ~ 195, heat and mass transfer characteristics were investigated as a function of non-absorbable gas volumetric concentration, 0.2 ~ 20%. An increase of non-absorbable gas volumetric concentration degraded the mass transfer rate dramatically in the absorption process. The reduction of mass transfer rate was significant for the addition of small amount of non-absorbable gas to the pure vapor. At film Reynolds number of 130, an increase of non-absorbable gas concentration from 0.2 to 6.0% resulted in the decrease of mass transfer rate by 36% and 20% of non-absorbable gas by 59%. However the decrease of film Nusselt number with the increase of volumetric concentration of non absorbable gas was relatively smaller than the decrease of Sherwood number. Critical film Reynolds number was identified to exist for the maximum heat and mass transfer regardless of the volumetric concentration of non-absorbable gases.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1955-1962
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 무한 원형관 안의 복사에 참여하는 참여가스에 면을 도입시키 면, 참여가스로부터 원형관 벽면으로의 복사 열유속(radiatve heat flux)이 증진 또는 감소되는 현상을 연구하는 데 있다. 참여가스는 흡수, 방사 특성이 온도와 파장에 변하지 않는 회체가스(gray gas)이거나, 화석 연료 연소시 연소가스의 성분이며, 복사 에 참여하는, 수증기와 이산화탄소의 혼합물이다. 편의상, 이 가스를 실제가스(real gas)라 부르기로 한다.도입면은 동축 무한 원형관(coaxial Infinite cylinder)이다. 참여가스의 성분, 계의 직경, 동축 무한 원형관 사이의 직경비, 면의 방사율, 면과 가 스의 온도가 열전달 증진에 미치는 영향을 연구하고자 한다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2817-2822
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of operating condition and ejector geometries on the hydrodynamics and on the mass transfer characteristic of ejector. The CFD results were validated with available experimental data. Flow field analyses and predictions of ejector performance were also carried out. Variation on the operating conditions was made by varying the gas-liquid flow rate ratio in the range of 0.2 to 1.2. The ejector configuration was also varied on the length to diameter ratio of mixing tube ($L_M/D_M$) in the range of 4 to 10. CFD studies show that at $L_M/D_M$ 5.5, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient increases with respect to gas flow rates. Meanwhile, at $L_M/D_M$ 4, the plot of volumetric mass transfer coefficient to gas-liquid flow rates ratio reach maximum at gas-liquid flow rates ratio of 0.6. This study also shows that volumetric mass transfer coefficient decrease with respect to the increase of mixing tube length.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.639-644
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• 2006

The outlet temperature of gas cooler has a great effect on the efficiency of carbon dioxide heat pump system. In order to obtain a small approach temperature difference at gas cooler, near-counter flow type heat exchanger has been proposed, and larger heat transfer area is demanded. The optimum design of gas cooler involving the analysis of trade-offs between heat transfer performance and cost is desirable. In this study, the effects of geometric parameters, such as the circuit arrangement, tube diameter, transverse tube spacing, longitudinal tube spacing and the number of tube rows and fin spacing on the performance of heat transfer were investigated using the developed model. This study suggested various simulation results for optimum designs of gas cooler.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2000

In present paper, mass transfer over a flat plate with film condensation including noncondesable gas is analyzed with the help of similarity methods. Couette flow was assumed in liquid film and boundary-layer approximation was used in the ambient flow. Governing equations were transformed into the ordinary differential equtions by the similarity methods. Runge-Kutta and shooting method were used in order to fine the effect of mass transfer on the velocity and concentrations at the liquid-vapor interface.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

본 연구는 가정용 보일러의 연소실 전산유동해석을 통해 연소실 내부의 온도분포 및 유동형태를 해석하였다. 전산해석을 통해 연소실의 열교환기 구조변화에 따른 효율향상 및 배기가스 발생 특성을 예측하였다. 2단 열교환기 장착시 연소실 내부의 온도를 하강시킴으로서 연소가스의 고온영역 체류시간 감소로 Thermal NOx의 생성이 억제되어 NOx의 발생량이 감소할 것으로 예측되었다. 효율면에서는 2단 열교환기 장착 시 1단 열교환기에 비해 약 24%의 효율이 상승하였다. 반면에 2단 열교환기 장착 시 약 10%의 압력손실이 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1985

An experimental investigation on condensing heat transfer for the Refrigerant-11 superheated vapor during condensation on the 40 mm O.D by 75 mm long horizontal tube is carried out under the various conditions of air contents as noncondensable gas, condensing pressure, and coolant temperature. The data span a refrigerant flow range from 23 to 63 kg/h and weight fractions of noncondensable gas range from 0 to $15\%$. The comparisons are made using data obtained by the authors and further data obtained from other sources. The characteristics of the condensing heat transfer of refrigerant superheated vapor with and without noncondensable gas flowing horizontally are revealed experimentally, and on the basis of the data obtained, correlations for predicting heat transfer coefficient during condensation on the tube are proposed.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.414-420
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• 2004

The heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics associated with the gas cooling of the supercritical carbon dioxide in a horizontal tube have been investigated experimentally. This problem is of particular interest in the design of a gas cooler of cooling systems using $CO_2$refrigerant. The test section is consisted of 6 series of 455 mm in length, 4.15 mm ID copper tube, respectively. The effects of the inlet temperature, pressure and mass flow rate on the heat transfer and pressure drop of $CO_2$in a horizontal tube is studied in detail. The heat transfer coefficient of $CO_2$is varied by temperature, inlet pressure, and mass flow rate of $CO_2$. This has maximum value at near the pseudocritical temperature. The pressure drop is changed by inlet pressure and mass flow rate of $CO_2$. The results have been compared with those of previous work. The heat transfer correlation at the supercritical gas cooling process is also suggested.