• Advances in environmental research
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.179-202
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• 2013

Bisphenol A and other alkylphenols are widely used in plastic and other industrial consumer products. Release of these compounds into the aquatic environment during their manufacture, use and disposal has been a great scientific and public concern due to their toxicity at high concentrations and endocrine disrupting effects at low concentration on aquatic wildlife and human beings. This paper reviews the published data and researches on the environmental occurrence, distribution, health effects and analytical techniques of bisphenol A and alkylphenols. The aim is to provide an overview of the current understanding about bisphenol A and alkylphenols in the environment and the difficulties faced today in order to establish standard and systematic environmental analysis and assessment process for these endocrine disruptor compounds.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2007

The toxicity of organophosphate arises from disruption of the nervous system due to the inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes, leading to death. Six dead mallards were found at Ansung where is one of the most popular wintering sites for migratory birds in Korea, and requested for diagnosis to Gyeonggi Veterinary Service on January of 2007. Some examinations including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could not find any evidence of specific disease condition. However, the contents of gastrointestinal tracts of the birds contained residues of monocrotophos ranged from 31.3ppm to 294.3ppm by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. It can be supposed that monocroptophos was responsible for the death of mallards by this results.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집(III)
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• pp.327-332
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• 2003

We investigated the fire characteristics of the subway electric car's interior materials and evaluated the safety of it. The testing methods are ISO 4589-2 for Limited Oxygen Index, ISO 5658-2 for surface flame spread, ISO 5660-1 for Heat Release Rate, ASTM E 662 for smoke density and BS 6852 Annex B.2 for gas toxicity. The materials of seven organization including KNR were tested. Most of the materials are under the levels of the foreign country's demand. We also reported the test methods of other countries and compared it to ours.

• 센서학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.394-398
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• 2016

In this paper, a fire detection system based on quantitative risk estimation is presented. Multiple sensors are used to build a comprehensive indicator that represents the risk of fire quantitatively. The proposed fire risk estimation method consists of two stages which determines the occurrence of fire and estimates the toxicity of the surveillance area. In the first stage, fire is reliably detected under diverse fire scenarios. The risk of fire is estimated in the second stage. Applying Purser's Fractional Effective Dose (FED) model which quantitates harmfulness of toxic gases, the risk of the surveillance area and evacuation time are calculated. A fire experiment conducted using four different types of combustion materials for the verification of the system resulted in a maximum error rate of 12.5%. By using FED calculation and risk estimation methods, the proposed system can detect various signs of fire faster than conventional systems.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.967-977
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• 2021

A total of 37 bacterial isolates were obtained from dye-contaminated soil samples at a textile processing factory in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand, and the potential of the isolates to decolorize and biotransform azo dye Reactive Red 141 (RR141) was investigated. The most potent bacterium was identified as Paenibacillus terrigena KKW2-005, which showed the ability to decolorize 96.45% of RR141 (50 mg/l) within 20 h under static conditions at pH 8.0 and a broad temperature range of 30-40℃. The biotransformation products were analyzed by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis revealed four metabolites generated from the reductive biodegradation, namely sodium 3-diazenylnaphthalene-1,5-disulfonate (I), sodium naphthalene-2-sufonate (II), 4-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (III) and N¹-(1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) benzene-1,4-diamine (IV). Decolorization intermediates reduced phytotoxicity as compared with the untreated dye. However, they had phytotoxicity when compared with control, probably due to naphthalene and triazine derivatives. Moreover, genotoxicity testing by high annealing temperature-random amplified polymorphic DNA technique exhibited different DNA polymorphism bands in seedlings exposed to the metabolites. They compared to the bands found in seedlings subjected to the untreated dye or distilled water. The data from this study provide evidence that the biodegradation of Reactive Red 141 by P. terrigena KKW2-005 was genotoxic to the DNA seedlings.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2022

지난 10년간 국내 화학물질 사고의 약 21%가 운송 차량에 의해 발생하였으며 그중 암모니아는 국내 화학물질 관련 사고 672건 중 82건으로 가장 많은 사고가 발생한 화학물질이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 어선과 운송 차량 간 암모니아 이적 작업 중 누출사고가 발생할 경우의 계절별 대안 시나리오와 최악의 시나리오를 가정하였고 인구밀도 자료와 기상 특성을 토대로 ALOHA와 프로빗 분석, Python의 Folium 모듈을 통해 피해 범위와 그 영향을 해석하였다. 대안 시나리오에서 복사열의 경우 겨울철 2도 화상이 우려되는 범위가 41m, 최고 복사열이 5.01kW/m²로 가장 높았으며 과압의 경우 피해 최저기준보다 낮은 6.56kPa를 보여 압력에 의한 영향이 적은 것을 파악하였다. 그리고 독성 피해의 경우 여름철 EPPG-2 끝점이 5.0km로 복사열과 과압의 피해 영향보다 넓은 범위를 보였고, 독성 사망률에 대한 프로빗 분석 결과 인구밀도가 높은 항만과 관광지역에서 95~100%의 사망률을 확인하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.288-295
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• 2013

Nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) gas damage on vegetable crops commonly occurs in plastic film houses where relatively large amounts of $NO_3{^-}$ are applied in acid soils. In acid soils, $HNO_2$ can be formed from the $NO_2{^-}$ accumulated during denitrification, and $NO_2$ can be evolved from the chemical self-decomposition of $HNO_2$. In this study, $NO_2$ gas production and its detrimental effects on plants were investigated in soils of various conditions to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the gas production. A silty loam soil was amended with $NO_3{^-}$ (500 mg N $kg^{-1}$) and glucose, and pH and moisture of the soil were adjusted respectively to 5.0 and 34.6% water holding capacity (WHC) with 0.01 M phosphate buffer. The soil was placed in a 0.5-L glass jar with strawberry leaf or $NO_2$ gas absorption badge in air space of the jar, and the jar was incubated at $30^{\circ}C$. After 4-5 days of incubation, dark burning was observed along the outside edge of strawberry leaf and $NO_2$ production was confirmed in the air space of jar. However, when the soil was sterilized, $NO_2$ emission was minimal and any visible damage was not found in strawberry leaf. In the soil where water or $NO_3{^-}$ content was reduced to 17.3% WHC or 250 mg N $kg^{-1}$, $NO_2$ production was greatly reduced and toxicity symptom was not found in strawberry leaf. Also in the soil where glucose was not amended, $NO_2$ production was significantly reduced. In soil with pH of 6.5, $NO_2$ was evolved to the level causing damage to strawberry leaf when the soil conditions were favorable for denitrification. However, compared to the soil of pH 5.0, the $NO_2$ production and its damage to plants were much less serious in pH 6.5. Therefore, the production of $NO_2$ damaging plants might be occurred in acid soils when the conditions are favorable for denitrification.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2017

유기합성 농약의 과다사용은 환경오염, 살충제 저항성 발달, 비표적 생물에 대한 영향 등 부작용의 원인이 되고 있다. 유기합성 농약의 대체약제로 포유동물에 저독성인 식물기원 물질이 각광을 받게 되었다. 이란 서양가새풀(Achillea millefolium L.) 정유성분의 훈증독성은 국제적 저장작물 해충인 머리대장가는납작벌레(Oryzaephilus surinamensis L.)의 방제제로 연구된 바 있다. 이 식물 정유의 화학적 성분을 가스크로마트 그래피(MS)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 살충실험 결과 처리농도에 따라 유의한 살충률을 나타냈다. 처리농도와 살충률 간 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 반치사 농도(LC50)는 $17.977{\mu}l/L$ 이었다. 주요 성분은 1,8-Cineole (13.17%), nerolidol (12.87%), ${\alpha}$-cubebene (12.35%), artemisia ketone (6.69%), ${\alpha}$-terpineol (5.27%), alloaromadendrene oxide (4.71%) 및 borneol (3.99%) 이었다. 전체 동정된 화합물의 96.35%는 Terpenic 화합물로 monoterpene hydrocarbons (8.19%), monoterpenoids (44.23%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (21.69%) 및 sesquiterpenoids (22.24%)를 포함하고 있었다. 본 결과는 terpene이 풍부한 서양가새풀 정유가 머리대장가는납작벌레의 안전한 생물농약으로 고려될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.6-15
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• 2017

화학사고의 발생을 감소시키고, 예방하기 위한 공정안전관리(PSM) 제도는 우리나라의 경우 1996년부터 시행되었다. 그러나 PSM 제출대상인 기존 21종 물질에 대한 규정량과 새로이 추가된 브롬화수소 등의 독성물질의 규정량에 대한 타당성 검토가 미흡하여 많은 문제점이 발생되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 25종의 PSM 제출대상독성물질의 규정량을 국내 외 공정안전관리제도와 관련된 규정량과 비교 검토하였다. 그리고 흡입독성, NFPA 지수 등으로 구성된 독성 유해 위험성 식을 제안하여 고위험, 중위험, 저위험의 3등급으로 독성물질을 분류하고, 규정량의 조정에 반영하였다. 본 연구결과의 규정량 개선안은 유사 공정안전관리제도의 규정량 차이로 인한 사업장의 혼란과 부담 완화 및 합리적 개선에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2018

지구온난화로 인하여 태양광 발전에 대한 관심이 커지고 있다. 이에 따라 태양전지를 만드는 핵심물질인 폴리실리콘의 수요도 나날이 증가하고 있으며 시장이 커짐에 따라 생산공정에서 크고 작은 사고들이 발생하고 있다. 그 예로 2013년 상주시의 폴리실리콘 제조공장에서 염산이 누출되었고 2014년에는 여수시의 폴리실리콘 제조공장에서 화재가 발생하였으며, 2015년에는 군산시의 폴리실리콘 제조공장에서 STC(Silicon Tetrachloride)가 누출되었다. 이러한 누출 사고들은 사업장 내부에만 영향을 주는 것이 아니라 인근지역까지 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것이 특징이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 폴리실리콘 제조공정에서 사용되는 위험물질을 파악하고, 최악의 누출 시나리오를 적용했을 때 누출량과 피해범위를 정량적으로 예측하였다. 그 결과 폭발에 따른 피해거리는 726 m로 예측되었고, 독성에 대한 피해거리는 4,500 m로 예측되었다. 그리고 TCS(Trichlorosilane), STC(Silicon Tetrachloride), DCS(Dichlorosilane)가 누출되어 공기 중의 수분과 반응하여 HCl이 생성될 경우 피해거리는 최대 5.7 km까지로 예측되었다.