• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2015

In order to effectively protect electrical and electronic circuits which are extremely susceptible to lightning surges, multi-stage surge protection circuits are required. This paper presents the operational characteristics of the two-stage hybrid surge protection circuit in extra-low voltage DC power lines. The hybrid surge protective device consists of the gas discharge tube, transient voltage suppressor, and series inductor. The response characteristics of the proposed hybrid surge protective device to combination waves were investigated. As a result, the proposed two-stage surge protective device to combination wave provides the tight clamping level of less than 50V. The firing of the gas discharge tube to lightning surges depends on the de-coupling inductance and the rate-of-change of the current flowing through the transient voltage suppressor. The coordination between the upstream and downstream components of the hybrid surge protective device was satisfactorily achieved. The inductance of a de-coupler in surge protective circuits for low-voltage DC power lines, relative to a resistance, is sufficiently effective. The voltage drop and power loss due to the proposed surge protective device are ignored during normal operation of the systems.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2002

Hollow cathode discharge(HCD)에서 알곤 기체를 완충 기체로 사용하여 전류 변화에 따른 광검류 신호를 측정하였다. 광검류 신호는 방전의 전기 전도도의 증가 또는 감소에 의해 나타나며 전기 전도도의 변화는 전자 충돌에 의한 이온화율의 변화에 의해 일어난다. 낮은 방전 전류에서 광검류 신호는 가장 낮은 준안정 준위 원자의 밀도 변화와 밀접한 관계가 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1921-1923
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• 2004

V-p characteristics and the discharge luminous characteristics in inhomogeneous $SF_6$ gas gap under the positive and negative lightning impulse voltages are presented. The test gap was composed of the plane-to-plane with a needle-shaped protrusion. The applied voltage and the predischarge current were measured by the electric field sensor and the shunt of 50 ${\Omega}$, respectively. The light emission signals were observed by a photomultiplier tube, and a high-speed camera. In a consequence, the dielectric strengths of $SF_6$ gas gap under positive lightning impulse voltages were independent of the gas pressure. In the presence of the positive polarity, the branches of discharge channel were created and the directions of the discharge paths were random. On the other hands, the discharge paths of the negative polarity were more thicker and brighter.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.568-572
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• 2003

A longitudinal discharge heated copper vapor laser with internal diameter 28 mm and discharge length 1.3 m has been constructed and tested. At the discharging voltage 15.2 kV, pulse repetition rate 10 kHz, buffer gas pressure 40 mbar, and internal temperature of the laser plasma tube $1520^{\circ}C$, it delivers more than 30 W average laser outputs.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1989년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.139-141
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• 1989

The characteristics of the hollow cathode discharge were investigated. Temperature distribution of the hollow cathode was investigated and I-V curves of the hollow cathode discharge were obtained. In this paper variables are chamber pressure, Ar gas flow rate injected through the cathode tube and the gap distance between cathode and anode. The inter electrode electron temperature and density were measured by Langmuir probe.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 3개의 전극(중심전극, 내부전극 및 외부전극)과 1개의 방전간극(내부전극과 외부전극 사이의 방전간극)으로 구성된 무성방전형 오존발생기를 설계 제작하였다. 진공방전관내에 장착한 중심전극과 내부전극에 2개의 교류 고주파 고전압을 각각 인가하고 외부전극을 공통접지함으로써 방전간극에서 무성방전에 의하여 오존이 생성되는 구조이다. 이때 방전관의 진공도, 전원장치의 주파수, 방전전력 및 산소원료가스 유량 변화에 따른 방전특성과 오존생성특성을 연구 검토하였다. 그 결과 방전관의 진공도와 전원장치의 주파수가 높을수록 오존생성특성이 상승하였으며 최대 7,700[ppm], 460[mg/h] 및 70[g/kwh]의 오존을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2013

대기압 플라즈마 제트 장치의 유량 변화에 대한 플라즈마 방전 특성을 실험적으로 조사하고 이를 유체역학적으로 해석하였다. 유리관에 주입되는 아르곤 기체의 유량 변화에 대한 레이놀즈 수(Re)로 결정되는 기체 흐름의 형태 변화와 베르누이 정리에 의한 압력 변화가 플라즈마 발생에 영향을 준다. 유리관 내부에 발생하는 플라즈마의 길이 변화의 실험을 통하여, 아르곤 기체에 대한 레이놀즈 수가 Re<2,000이면 층류이고, Re>4,000이면 난류가 형성된다. 이는 일반 유체에서 알려진 결과와 일치한다. 층류에서 유량의 증가로 플라즈마의 길이가 증가한다. 층류와 난류의 전환 영역에서 플라즈마의 길이는 줄어든다. 난류 영역에서는 방전 기체의 흐름이 불규칙함으로서 방전 경로가 흐트러져 플라즈마 칼럼의 길이가 매우 짧아지고 급기야 플라즈마가 소멸된다. 층류에서 주입 유량의 증가로 유리관 내의 유속이 증가하면, 베르누이 정리에 의하여 유리관 내부의 압력이 낮아진다. 관내의 압력이 낮아지면, 파센 법칙에 의하여 관내의 전기장의 세기가 증가하여 방전 전압이 낮아진다. 따라서 주입 유량이 증가하면, 동일한 구동 전압에서 유리관에 발생하는 플라즈마의 길이는 길어진다. 층류의 방전은 유리관 밖에서도 층류의 흐름이 일정 길이로 유지되므로 시료 표면에 조사되는 플라즈마 빔의 직경은 유리관의 직경 이하로 유지된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.167-177
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• 2016

This work investigated the decomposition of aqueous anatoxin-a originated from cyanobacteria using an underwater dielectric barrier discharge plasma system based on a porous ceramic tube and an alternating current (AC) high voltage. Plasmatic gas generated inside the porous ceramic tube was uniformly dispersed in the form of numerous bubbles into the aqueous solution through the micro-pores of the ceramic tube, which allowed an effective contact between the plasmatic gas and the aqueous anatoxin-a solution. Effect of applied voltage, treatment time and the coexistence of nutrients such as $NO_3{^-}$, $H_2PO_4{^-}$ and glucose on the decomposition of anatoxin-a was examined. Chemical analyses of the plasma-treated anatoxin-a solution using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and ion chromatography (IC) were performed to elucidate the mineralization mechanisms. Increasing the voltage improved the anatoxin-a decomposition efficiency due to the increased discharge power, but the energy required to remove a given amount of anatoxin-a was similar, regardless of the voltage. At an applied voltage of 17.2 kV (oxygen flow rate: $1.0L\;min^{-1}$), anatoxin-a at an initial concentration of $1mg\;L^{-1}$ (volume: 0.5 L) was successfully treated within 3 min. The chemical analyses using LC-MS and IC suggested that the intermediates with molecular weights of 123~161 produced by the attack of plasma-induced reactive species on anatoxin-a molecule were further oxidized to stable compounds such as acetic acid, formic acid and oxalic acid.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.249-258
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• 1998

In this paper, we investigated the post-combustion removal of nitrogen oxide($NO_x$) and sulfur oxide($SO_x$) which is based on the gas to particle conversion process by the pulsed corona discharge. Under normal pressure, the pulsed corona discharge produces the energetic free electrons which dissociate gas molecules to form the active radicals. These radicals cause the chemical reactions that convert $SO_x$ and $NO_x$ into acid mists and these mists react with $NH_3$ to form solid particles. Those particles can be removed from the gas stream by conventional devices such as electrostatic precipitator or bag filter. The reactor geometry was coaxial with an inner wire discharge electrode and an outer ground electrode wrapped on a glass tube. The simulated flue gas with $SO_x$ and $NO_x$ was used in the experiment. The corona discharge reactor was more efficient in removing $SO_x$ and $NO_x$ by adding $NH_3$ and $H_2O$ in the gas stream. We also measured the removal efficiency of $SO_x$ and $NO_x$ in a cylinder type corona discharge reactor and obtained more than 90 % of removal efficiency in these experimental conditions. The effects of process variables such as the inlet concentrations of $SO_x$, $NH_3$ and $H_2O$, residence time, pulse frequencies and applied voltages were investigated.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1999

We constructed a wire-cylinder type pulsed corona discharge system for $NO_x$ removal, which was operated in room temperature. A emission spectrometer was built with a boxcar averager and monochrometer equipped with photo-multiplier tube detector. The sensitivity of the emission spectrometer was greatly improved by synchronizing the emission spectrometer with pulsed corona discharge system using a triggered spark-gap switch. $N_2$ spectrum($c^3{\Pi}_u{\rightarrow}X^1{\Sigma}_g{^+}$) was measured in the range of 300 - 450 nm and oxidizing OH radical emission($A^2{\Sigma}^+{\rightarrow}X^2{\Pi}$) was measured in case $N_2$ was supplied with water bubbling. As wet gas composition of inlet $N_2$ supplied in the discharge system increased, the intensity of OH emission was increased and saturated at wet gas composition 50%. We also investigated additive effect of $C_2H_4,\;H_2O,\;H_2O_2$ on the intensity of OR emission and $NO/NO_2/NO_x$ reduction and analysed the related reaction mechanism in corona discharge process. $H_2O_2$ additive increased the intensity of OH emission and $NO/NO_x$ reduction.