• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.477-478
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• 2006

Close-coupled atomizers are of great interest and controlling their performance parameters is critical for metal powder producing and spray forming industries. In this study, designed close-coupled nozzle systems were used to investigate the effect of the nozzle types and protrusion length of the melt delivery tube on the pressure formation at the melt delivery tube tip. The observed metal flow rate was not behaving as what was earlier assumed, namely that, deeper aspiration enhanced metal flow rate. Higher aspiration pressure at the tip of the melt delivery tube increases the stability of atomization process.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.8-12
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• 2010

$^{18}F$-FDG 자동합성장치에서 합성 후 자동분배장치까지는 자동모드로 delivery를 하게 되는데, delivery 후 자동분배장치에 있는 dose calibrator가 표시한 방사능으로 계산하여 수율이 계산되어진다. 그러나 자동합성장치와 자동분배장치의 거리가 증가하게 되면 튜빙에 $^{18}F$-FDG 잔류량이 발생하게 되어 $^{18}F$-FDG의 손실이 있다. 본 연구는 $^{18}F$-FDG 잔류량을 최소화하기 위한 방법의 유용성에 관하여 알아보았다. 싸이클로트론에서 생산된 $^{18}F$는 자동합성장치로 이동되고 자동합성장치에서 합성이 이루어지며, 합성 과정의 소요 시간은 25~26분이 소요된다. 그 후 dispenser로 $^{18}F$-FDG를 delivery하고 자동합성장치 자체 rinsing으로 모든 과정이 끝마쳐진다. 자동합성장치와 자동분배장치 사이의 튜빙의 구성은 거리 8 m, 내경 1/16 inch로 되어 있다. 그러나 delivery 후 튜빙 거리 증가에 따라 $^{18}F$-FDG 잔류량이 10-13%가 발생하게 되었다. 따라서 $^{18}F$-FDG 잔류량을 최소화하기 위하여 첫번째는 자동합성장치의 자동모드로 delivery, 두번째로 자동모드 delivery 후 push syringe 이용한 방법, 세번째로 자동모드 delivery후 push syringe와 질소가스를 병행한 방법을 시행하여 delivery 수율의 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 첫번째 방법에서 delivery 시에 QMA 기준으로 42.22%, 두번째 방법에서는 49.15%, 세번째 방법에서는 54.05%의 결과를 얻었다. Delivery 되어진 $^{18}F$-FDG 의 품질관리평가상에서도 정상의 결과를 얻었다. 합성장치와 자동합성장치의 거리는 최대한 단축시켜 튜빙거리로 인한 $^{18}F$-FDG 손실율을 낮추어야 한다. 그러나 시스템구조에 따라 자동합성장치와 자동분배장치의 거리가 증가되는 경우에 push syringe와 범용성 이동가스(질소 가스)를 병행하는 방법이 $^{18}F$-FDG 잔류량을 최소화하는 방법으로 유용하다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2015

Process gases with vapor or liquid phase as well as gas phase may experience alteration in itself or be contaminated in the fluid pipe to the process chamber. And thus it result in as particles or defects on the substrates in semiconductor, LCD, LED manufacturing. Purifiers and filters are used for control of contamination. However, none of detection device is available in the delivery line. In this paper, we propose simple device with lighting and sensing in order to predict contamination of the fluid or the tube wall. For some general purpose gases, it showed constant voltage output regardless of the flow rates. But, the smoke and the moisture in the air lowered the figure due to its concentration. Numerical values for several solid and liquid media were obtained. And, the operating temperature tendency was investigated.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2012

In recent years a unique drug delivery system named as the transdermal drug delivery system has been developed which can deliver drug particles to the human skin without using any external needle. The solid drug particles are accelerated by means of high speed gas flow through a shock tube imparting enough momentum so that particles can penetrate through the outer layer of the skin. Different systems have been tried and tested in order to make it more convenient for clinical use. One of them is the contoured shock tube system (CST). The contoured shock tube consists of a classical shock tube connected with a correctly expanded supersonic nozzle. A set of bursting membrane are placed upstream of the nozzle section which retains the drug particle as well as initiates the gas flow (act as a diaphragm in a shock tube). The key feature of the CST system is it can deliver particles with a controllable velocity and spatial distribution. The flow dynamics of the contoured shock tube is analyzed numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). To validate the numerical approach pressure histories in different sections on the CST are compared with the experimental results. The key features of the flow field have been studied and analyzed in details. To investigate the performance of the CST system flow behavior through the shock tube under different operating conditions are also observed.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.607-615
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• 2022

In this study, economic analysis program was developed for economic evaluation of hydrogen production, storage/delivery, and utilization technologies as well as overseas import of hydrogen. Economic analysis program can be used for the estimation of the levelized cost of hydrogen for hydrogen supply chain technologies. This program include five hydrogen production technology on steam methane reforming and water electrolysis, two hydrogen storage technologies (high compressed gas and liquid hydrogen storage), three hydrogen delivery technologies (compressed gas delivery using tube trailer, liquid hydrogen, and pipeline transportation) and six hydrogen utilization technologies on hydrogen refueling station and stationary fuel cell system. In the case of overseas import hydrogen, it was considered to be imported from five countries (Austraila, Chile, India, Morocco, and UAE), and the transportation methods was based on liquid hydrogen, ammonia, and liquid organic hydrogen carrier. Economic analysis program that was developed in this study can be expected to utilize for planning a detailed implementation methods and hydrogen supply strategies for the hydrogen economy road map of government.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.214-220
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• 1998

낮은 평형압력을 가진 TDEAT 증착원을 이용하여 TiN증착을 실시한 실험에서 TiN 증착률에 영향을 주는 인지들에 대하여 연구를 실시하였다. TiN성장률은 bubbler 온도, 증 착온도, 운반기체관의 conductance, 운반기체 종류에 따라 큰 영향을 받고 있었다. 또한 bubbler로 유입되는 운반기체관의 가열에 의하여도 증착률 증가가 적은 범위에서 이루어지 고 있음이 관찰되었다. 이와함께 chamber내로 유입되는 운반관을 $90^{\circ}C$로부터 $120^{\circ}C$로 가열 한 실험에 의하면 운반관 가열이 TiN 성장 증가를 일으키고 있으며, 온도에 대한 TiN 성장 은 약0.2eV의 활성화에너지를 가진 Arrehenius형태로 증가되고 있었다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1999

The formation of $n-TiO_2$ powder by oxidation of Ti-ethoxied vapor in a flat flame burner reactor maintained under 20 torr has been studied. The produced powder were characterized in terms of crystal structure, chemical composition by XRD and TEM. The results showed that the powder consisted of loose agglomerated anatase and rutile particles and their size were about 10 nm and 20 nm, respectively. In the course of synthesis, changes of the flame color were happened to each condition during heating up the bubbler. The flame color transition phenomena reveled that a critical precursor delivery rate was needed for the powder formation (obtainable powder yield). The critical precursor delivery rate was estimated by a simple function of the bubbler temperature and the carrier gas flow rate. The critical precursor delivery rate was reviewed as an important variable of the nanopowder synthesis.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2009

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres have been a useful tool as a controlled drug delivery system for peptides and proteins. Recently, porous microspheres have gained great attention as inhalation drug delivery system due to their low aerodynamic densities. Here, we report highly porous PLGA microspheres, which were prepared by using a single o/w emulsification/solvent evaporation method. Two types of porogen, i.e., (i) extractable Pluronic F127 and (ii) gas foaming salt of ammonium bicarbonate, were used to induce pores on the surface of PLGA microspheres. The respective preparation conditions on dp/cp ratio and porogen concentration were determined by the previous preliminary experiments, and other preparation factors were further optimized on the basis of PLGA Mw and porogen type. The morphological features examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) show these porous microspheres have highly porous surface structure with a diameter range of 20${\sim}$30 ${\mu}$m. These highly porous PLGA microspheres, which have much lower density, would be a practical aerosol system for pulmonary drug delivery.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.24-32
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• 1995

The scavenging characteristics have a great influence on the performance of a diesel engine, especially slow-speed two-stroke diesel engines which are usually used as a marine propulsion power plant, and they are greatly affected by the conditions in the cylinder, intake and exhaust manifolds, and the opening and closing timing of scavenging ports or exhaust valves during the gas exchange process. Besides, there are many other factors to affect the scavenging characteristics and these factors interact each other very complicatedly. Therefore the simulation program of the gas exchange process is very useful to improve and predict the scavenging characteristics, due to the high costs associated with redesign and testing. In this paper it was attenpted to investigate the effect of the variation of the pressure ratio of intake to exhaust manifolds, and the variation of the opening and closing timing of a exhaust valve by using a computational program for a three-zone scavenging model which was developed by authors. The computed results showed that the scavenging efficiency and delivery ratio increased considerably, but the trapping efficiency decreased with increasing of the pressure ratio of intake to exhaust manifolds. The scavenging efficiency, trapping efficiency, and th conditions of the cylinder gases were affected by the opening timing of the exhaust valve, but the delivery ratio by the closing timing.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

We have developed an electrostatic precipitation (ESP) type air cleaner for indoor air quality and investigated its performances regarding CADR (Clean air delivery rate), single-pass efficiency and gas removal efficiency. The ESP air cleaner used an ACF (Activated carbon fiber) filter for gas removal and the ACF as a high voltage electrode for particle removal. The ESP air cleaner was tested in a chamber with the volume of $1m^3$ regarding CADR and gas removal efficiency. The applied CADR area of the ESP was $1.8m^2$. Gas removal efficiency was tested with 3 gases (Acetaldehyde, Acetic acid, Ammonia). As the results of the gas removal efficiency, the ESP air cleaner shows the removal efficiencies of 90, 98 and 85% for acetaldehyde, acetic acid and ammonia, respectively.