• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.109.2-109.2
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• 2015

Graphene, as a single layer of $sp^2$-bonded carbon atoms packed into a 2D honeycomb crystal lattice, has attracted much attention due to its outstanding properties such as high carrier mobility, chemical stability, and optical transparency. In order to synthesize high quality graphene, transition metals, such as nickel and copper, have been widely employed as catalysts, which need transfer to desired substrates for various applications. However, the transfer steps inevitably induce defects, impurities, wrinkles, and cracks of graphene. Here, we report a facile transfer-free graphene synthesis method through nickel and carbon co-deposited layer, which does not require separately deposited catalytic nickel and carbon source layers. The 100 nm NiC layer was deposited on the top of $SiO_2/Si$ substrates by nickel and carbon co-deposition. When the sample was annealed at $1000^{\circ}C$, the carbon atoms diffused through the NiC layer and deposited on both sides of the layer to form graphene upon cooling. The remained NiC layer was removed by using nickel etchant, and graphene was then directly obtained on $SiO_2/Si$ without any transfer process. Raman spectroscopy was carried out to confirm the quality of resulted graphene layer. Raman spectra revealed that the resulted graphene was at high quality with low degree of $sp^3$-type structural defects. Furthermore, the Raman analysis results also demonstrated that gas flow ratio (Ar : $CH_4$) during the NiC deposition and annealing temperature significantly influence not only the number of graphene layers but also structural defects. This facile non-transfer process would consequently facilitate the future graphene research and industrial applications.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.594-601
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• 2014

Rare-earth (RE) nitrides can be used as magnetocaloric materials in low temperature. They exhibit ferromagnetism and have Curie temperature in the region from 6 to 70 K. In this study, Holmium nitride (HoN) nano particles were prepared through plasma arc discharge technique and their magnetocaloric properties were studied. Nitrogen gas ($N_2$) was employed as an active element for arc discharge between two electrodes maintained at a constant current. Also, it played an important role not only as a reducing agent but also as an inevitable source of excited nitrogen molecules and nitrogen ions for the formation of HoN phase. Partial pressure of $N_2$ was systematically varied from 0 to 28,000 Pa in order to obtain single phase of HoN with minimal impurities. Magnetic entropy change (${\Delta}S_m$) was calculated with data set measured by PPMS (Physical Property Measurement System). The as-synthesized HoN particles have shown a magnetic entropy change ${\Delta}S_m$) of 27.5 J/kgK in applied field of 50,000 Oe at 14.2 K thereby demonstrating its ability to be applied as an effective magnetic refrigerant towards the re-liquefaction of hydrogen.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2000

시료의 지방산 분석은 먼저 지방의 추출이 선행되어야 하는데 이때에는 시료량 및 시약이 많이 들고 또한 분석시간이 많이 소요되므로 지방 추출 및 지방산의 에스테르화를 한 단계에서 실시하는 One step extraction/methylation법(방법 1)에 따라 주요 유료작물의 지방산 조성을 살펴보았다 이 방법은 methanol-heptane-benzene-DMP-H$_2$SO$_4$ 혼합용매를 사용하여 지방 추출 및 지방산 에스테르화를 단일층에서 일어나게 한것으로 기존의 sodium methoxide를 촉매로 한 methanolysis 법에 의한 지방산 분석 결과와 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 이 혼합시약으로 이미 추출된 지방을 대상으로 실험하였을 때에도(방법 2) 기존방법과 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 따라서 이 One step extraction/methylation법은 시료가 생체이든 추출된 지방이든 그 과정이 단순하고 시간과 노력이 훨씬 적게 소요되어 지방산 분석에 널리 이용될 수 있을 것이며, 특히 1회에 많은 시료를 처리하고자 할 때 더욱 분석효율이 높을 것으로 기대되었다

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2017

A study has been conducted to develop an aluminum EGR cooler for the LPL EGR system of a diesel engine. Aluminum has a much lower density and thermal conductivity that is about 12 times or more than that of stainless steel, so it is advantageous for use in an EGR cooler for weight reduction and cooling performance effects. A design process has been carried out to ensure heat dissipation performance in a restricted space to investigate the geometric parameters and satisfy the requirements for pressure drops at both fluid sides. The tubes of exhaust gas have been designed as extruded tubes. An aluminum EGR cooler consisting of extruded tubes entails a simpler manufacturing process compared to a stainless steel EGR cooler with conventional heat transfer fins. A prototype has been manufactured from the final model selected through the design process. The performance of the aluminum EGR cooler was evaluated and compared with that of the conventional one. The weight of the aluminum EGR cooler is reduced by 22.9%, while performance is significantly improved.

• 분석과학
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2020

When extracting semi-volatile components of herbal medicines using hot water vapor, some substances may react with water vapor or oxygen, and some volatile substances may be lost, when using an organic solvent extraction method has the disadvantage that it may contain a non-volatile material and residual organic solvent. In addition, it is inefficient to separate semi-volatile substances from herbal medicines into each single component and conduct biological activity research for each component to determine the effective ingredient, and some components may be lost in the separation process. In this study, semi-volatile substances evaporated under two pressure-reduced conditions in Chinese herbal medicines such as Cnidii Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomum Fructus were separated by cooling with liquid nitrogen. Those were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the components, and this method may be used to study biological activities at the cellular level. The substances separated under reduced pressure, essential oil obtained by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) method and substances by using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from Cnidii Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomum Fructus were analyzed by GC-MS. In the case of Cnidii Rhizoma and Aucklandiae Radix, there were some differences among the essential oil components obtained by SDE and those identified by low temperature capture (CT) and SPME method, these were believed to be produced by some volatiles reacting with water or oxygen at the boiling point temperature of water.

• 에너지공학
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.32-48
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• 2018

건물의 에너지사용량을 효율적으로 관리하기 위해서는 에너지의 사용에 대한 모니터링이 우선시 되어야 한다. 건물에서의 에너지사용량은 크게 에너지원별, 용도별, 구역별로 구분하여 관리할 수 있다. 에너지원별이란 건물의 설비를 가동하기 위해 공급되는 전기, 가스, 연료, 지역난방 등을 의미한다. 용도별이란 크게 냉방, 난방, 조명, 급탕, 환기와 같이 5대 용도로 구분할 수 있지만, 5대 용도 안에 포함시키기 어려운 엘리베이터나 전열기기 등은 별로도 분류하는 것을 의미한다. 이 외 구역별은 건물의 사용목적이나 사용용도가 비슷하거나 구분되는 지역을 묶어서 비교 관리 하거나 별도 관리 하는 것을 말한다. 이 밖에 에너지의 효율관리에서는 건물의 에너지사용량에 영향을 주는 온도, 습도와 재실자에 대한 관리가 필요하며, 최근 문제가 되는 미세먼지는 건물의 환기에 직접적인 영향을 주기 때문에 이에 대한 관리도 병행되어야 한다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

최근 기존 화약과 추진제의 환경 지속성은 에너지 물질 분야에서 중요한 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 예를 들어 고체추진제의 산화제인 ammonium perchlorate(AP)는 염산과 같은 독성 가스와 대기 오염을 발생시켜 환경적 문제를 야기한다. 산화제 중 hydrazinium nitroformate(HNF)는 높은 밀도와 압력 지수를 가지고 있으며, 연속 가변형 추력기 시스템(DACS)에서 연소하는 동안 소규모의 연기를 배출하는 성질을 가지고 있기 때문에 환경 친화적으로 효과적인 후보 물질이다. 본 발표에서는 다양한 조건을 통하여 합성법을 적립하였으며, 결정화 과정에 필수적인 자료인 용해도 연구에 대해 수행하였다. 또한 결정화 방법 중 냉각법, 침전법, 초음파를 이용한 연구도 수행하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2020

The Korean nuclear industry developed the SPACE (Safety and Performance Analysis Code for nuclear power plants) code and this code adpots two-phase flows, two-fluid, three-field models which are comprised of gas, continuous liquid and droplet fields and has a capability to simulate three-dimensional model. According to the revised law by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) in Korea, the multiple failure accidents that must be considered for accident management plan of nuclear power plant was determined based on the lessons learned from the Fukushima accident. Generally, to improve the reliability of the calculation results of a safety analysis code, verification work for separate and integral effect experiments is required. In this reason, the goal of this work is to verify calculation capability of SPACE code for multiple failure accident. For this purpose, it was selected the experiment which was conducted to simulate a Multiple Steam Generator Tube Rupture(MSGTR) accident with Passive Auxiliary Feedwater System(PAFS) operation by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and focused that the comparison between the experiment results and code calculation results to verify the performance of the SPACE code. The MSGR accident has a unique feature of the penetration of the barrier between the Reactor Coolant System (RCS) and the secondary system resulting from multiple failure of steam generator U-tubes. The PAFS is one of the advanced safety features with passive cooling system to replace a conventional active auxiliary feedwater system. This system is passively capable of condensing steam generated in steam generator and feeding the condensed water to the steam generator by gravity. As the results of overall system transient response using SPACE code showed similar trends with the experimental results such as the system pressure, mass flow rate, and collapsed water level in component. In conclusion, it could be concluded that the SPACE code has sufficient capability to simulate a MSGTR accident.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2017

재생냉각 기술을 적용한 스크램제트 엔진 개발의 일환으로 스크램제트 엔진에 사용될 공기 보조형 인젝터(Air-assist type injector)에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 인젝터는 주 유동에 대해 $90^{\circ}$와 $60^{\circ}$의 각도로 분출되는 두 종류의 인젝터를 사용하였으며 측정 방법에는 미 산란(Mie-scattering)을 이용한 가시화 측정방법과 PDPA를 이용한 미립화 측정 방법을 사용하였다. 실험 결과, 공급되는 기체의 압력 증가와 노즐로부터의 거리가 증가할수록 더 좋은 미립화 특성을 보였으며 분출각도가 $60^{\circ}$인 인젝터가 $90^{\circ}$의 인젝터보다 더 좋은 미립화 특성을 보였다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2014

In this study, a numerical analysis methodology is studied to predict thermal and flow characteristics of C3X vane with internal cooling. Effects of turbulence models, transition models and viscous work term on temperature and pressure distributions on the vane surface are investigated. These optional terms have few effects on the pressure distributions over the vane surface. However, they have great influence on prediction of the temperature distributions on the vane surface. The combination of k-${\omega}$ based SST turbulence model, ${\gamma}$ transition model and viscous work term are better than RSM turbulence model on prediction of the surface temperature. The average temperature difference between CFD results and experimental results is calculated 2 % at the pressure side and 1 % at the suction side. Furthermore computing time of this combination is half of the RSM turbulence model. When k-${\omega}$ based SST turbulence model and ${\gamma}$ transition model with viscous work term are applied, more accurate predictions of thermal and internal flow characteristics of high pressure turbine are expected.