• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.408-418
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• 2023

In this study, we synthesized and characterized garnet-type Li_7-xAl_xLa₃Zr_2-(5/4)yNbyO₁₂ (LALZN) solid electrolytes for all-solid-state battery applications. Our novel approach focused on enhancing ionic conductivity, which is crucial for battery efficiency. A systematic examination found that co-doping with Al and Nb significantly improved this conductivity. Al³⁺ and Nb⁵⁺ ions were incorporated at Li⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ sites, respectively. This doping resulted in LALZN electrolytes with optimized properties, most notably enhanced ionic conductivity. An optimized mixture with 0.25 mol each of Al and Nb dopants achieved a peak conductivity of 1.32 × 10^-4 S cm^-1. We fabricated symmetric cells using these electrolytes and observed excellent charge-discharge profiles and remarkable cycling longevity, demonstrating the potential for long-term application in battery systems. The garnet-type LALZN solid electrolytes, with their high ionic conductivity and stability, show great potential for enhancing the performance of all-solid-state batteries. This study not only advances the understanding of effective doping strategies but also underscores the practical applicability of the LALZN system in modern energy storage solutions.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.167-182
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• 1981

Skarn silicates from the Shinyemi lead-zinc ore deposits can be distinguished as following three mineral assemblages: 1) garnet-pyroxene-phlogopite-wollastonite assemblages, 2) garnet-pyroxene assemblages, 3) garnet-epidote assemblages The assemblages are considered to be related with occurrences and kindes of ore minerals, and stage of mineralization in the deposits. Microprobe analyses of some garnets from the deposits show strong chemical zoning which is due to the changing equilibrium condition during growth of garnet crystal. Depositional condition of ore deposits and place of the ore-related igneous rock are discussed in the light of chemical composition of garnet and occurence of skarns in the Shinyemi.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet laser in different output powers for removing permanent resin cement residues and therefore its influence on microshear bond strength compared to other cleaning methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 90 extracted human molars were sectioned in 1 mm thickness. Resin cement was applied to surface of sliced teeth. After the removal of initial cement, 6 test groups were prepared by various dentin surface treatment methods as follows: no treatment (Group 1), ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid application (Group 2), Endosolv R application (Group 3), 1.25 W Erbium, Chromium:Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet laser irradiation (Group 4), 2 W Erbium, Chromium:Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet laser irradiation (Group 5) and 3.5 W Erbium, Chromium:Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet laser irradiation (Group 6). The topography and morphology of the treated dentin surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (n=2 for each group). Following the repetitive cementation, microshear bond strength between dentin and cement (n=26 in per group) were measured with universal testing machine and the data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis H Test with Bonferroni correction (P<.05). Fracture patterns were investigated by light microscope. RESULTS. Mean microshear bond strength ${\pm}$ SD (MPa) for each group was $34.9{\pm}17.7$, $32.1{\pm}15.8$, $37.8{\pm}19.3$, $31.3{\pm}12.7$, $44.4{\pm}13.6$, $40.2{\pm}13.2$ respectively. Group 5 showed significantly difference from Group 1, Group 2 and Group 4. Also, Group 6 was found statistically different from Group 4. CONCLUSION. 2 W and 3.5 W Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet laser application were found efficient in removing resin residues.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 1993

The assemblage epidote and grandite garnet occurs in low-to medium-grade metabasites and calc schists of various geotectonic settings and in hydrothermally altered calcareous rocks in skarn deposits. The compositions of sixteen epidote-garnet paris have been analysed by means of electron microprobe. Al-Fe partitioning between coexisting grandite garnet and epidote is considered and measured at the grain boundaries on the supposition that the surface equilibrium was maintained in the following exchange reaction: 2$Ca_2Al_3Si_3O_12$(OH)+$Ca_3Fe_2Si_3O_12$=2$Ca_2A_l2FeSi_3O_12$(OH)+$Ca_3Al_2Si_3O_12$ Partition coefficients confirms the differences in thermal conditions between low-grade and medium-grade metamorphic rocks. $K_D$ values ($X_{$CO_2$}$=($Fe^{+3}$/Al)$^{Ep}$/($Fe^{+3}$/Al)$^{Gr}$, where Fe=$Fe^{+3}$) from greenschist facies rocks of the estimated metamorphic temperatures, 330~$390^{\circ}C$, range approximately between 0.02 and 0.17. Epidote-amphibolite facies rocks and calcareous skarns of the estimated temperatures, 400~$550^{\circ}C$, have $K_D$ values between 0.24 and 0.37. $K_D$ values from the rocks of the temperatures, 640~$700^{\circ}C$, range nearly between 0.58 and 0.75. The diagrams in Figs. 2 and 3 can serve as a mineralogic thermometer for relatively shallow rocks, assuming that the pressure dependence of partition coefficients for the iron-exchange reaction in the two minerals can be neglected.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2009

The ability of natural abrasives which were recovered from CRT glass polishing process was evaluated. Comparing the center line average roughness values of a glass polished with new pumice (Ra = $0.039{\mu}m$) and with new garnet (Ra = $0.031{\mu}m$), the glass surface polished with the recycled pumice and the garnet had less pits on the surface with smaller Ra values (Ra = $0.025{\mu}m$ for recycled pumice and Ra = 0.029 for recycled garnet). Recycled rouge contains amorphous glass fragments so that it should be used as a cement replacement rather than recycle into an abrasive. Nnatural abrasives, pumice and garnet powder, which are used in CRT glass polishing process can be recycled into abrasives so that it can help to minimize costs and environmental impact from the production of abrasives and the disposal of waste sludge.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.80-83
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• 2005

Cobalt ferrite and garnet powders were grown using a conventional ceramic method in two different ways for understanding the magnetic interaction between structurally different materials. Structures of these powders were investigated by using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and the magnetic interaction between iron ions and the magnetic properties of the powders were measured by a $M\ddot{o}ssbauer$ spectroscopy and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The result of the XRD measurement showed that the annealing temperature higher than $1200^{\circ}C$ was necessary to grow a $(CoFe_2O_4)_{0.5}(Y_3Fe_5O_{12})_{0.5}$ powder. $M\ddot{o}ssbauer$ spectra for the powders grown separately and mixed mechanically consisted of sub-spectra of cobalt ferrite and garnet, however, powders annealed together had an extra sub-spectrum, which was related with the magnetic interaction between the grain surface of cobalt ferrite and the one of the garnet. In case of annealing the powders at the temperature large enough to crystallize them, raw chemicals became fine cobalt ferrite and garnet particles at first and then these fine particles were aggregated and formed large grains of ferrite powders. The result of the VSM measurement showed that the powders prepared at $1200^{\circ}C$ had the similar saturation magnetization and the coercivity regardless of the preparation method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.439-444
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of Garnet powder as admixture of high strength concrete. The experiment condition is unit water content 160kg/㎥, W/B=30, 35%, S/A=40, 42, 44% and the cement was replaced with Garnet powder to 0, 10% of cement weight on making specimens. The mechanical properties of the fresh and hardened concrete were given as follows. As the time elapsed, the slump loss of 10% replaced concrete was considerably lower than that of 0% replaced concrete. In compressive strength, the 10% replacement case was nearly the same or somewhat high.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.693-699
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• 1996

YIG precursor powder was obtained by homogeneous precipitation in chloride salt solution by thermal decom-position of urea. It was found that ferric ions precipitated prior to yttrium ions. The precipitate was minute and spherical in shape. The precipitate formed consisted of the mixture of amorphous and ferric oxyhydroxide. Crystallization of YIG was proceeded by solid state reaction of intermediate YFeO3 and Fe2O3 in the temperature range of 85$0^{\circ}C$ to 140$0^{\circ}C$. Single phase of YIG was obtained by heat-treatment of the powder at 140$0^{\circ}C$ for 6 hrs in air. The powder calcined was molded into pellets and sintered in air. The maximum density of 4,92 g/cm3(95.1% of theoretical density) was obtainable for the pellet sintered at 145$0^{\circ}C$ using the powder calcined at 90$0^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Petrological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.43-60
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• 2006

The Yeongnam Massif, one of Precambrian basements in Korean Peninsula, is characterized by widespread occurrence of low-pressure/high-temperature (LP/HT) schists and gneisses accompanying extensive anatexis and granitic magmatism. Metapelitic mineral assemblages define three progressive metamorphic zones pertinent to low-pressure facies series: cordierite, sillimanite and garnet zones with increasing temperature. Metamorphic grade ranges from lower amphibolite to lower granulite facies and metamorphic conditions reach ca. 750-800 C and 4-6 kbar in migmatitic gneisses. Migmatitic gneisses are prominent in the sillimanite and garnet zones. Textural and petrogenetic relationshipsin leucosome suggest that migmatitic gneiss is the product of anatexis of metasedimentary rocks. The migmatite formation during the prograde metamorphism is governed initially by fluid-present melting and subsequently by biotite-dehydration melting. The large amount of leucosomes in the sillimaniteand garnet zones can be explained by the fluid-present molting possibly triggered by an external supply of aqueous fluid. Field and geochronologic relationships between leucogranites and migmatitic gneisses further suggest that leucogranite has providedfluid and heat required for widespread migmatization.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1988.10a
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• pp.47-49
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• 1988

This paper discusses dynamic properties of bubble garnet thin films. The dynamic properties considered are Gilbert damping parameters, saturation velocity, and wall mobility. The parameters are evaluated to facilitate the search for desirable garnet thin film compositions. Given bubble diameter and Q-value, the computer prints out all compositions which meet the desired requirements. The computer model determines magnetization, anisotropy, damping, velocity, mobility among others from the film compositions. The computer modeling program is described by an algorithm detailing its operation.