• Title/Summary/Keyword: garlic plant

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Antioxidant and Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity of Water Extracts From Abalone Containing Medicinal Plants (전복과 천연 식물류 복합물의 항산화 및 알코올대사 효소 활성)

  • Shin, Jung-Hye;Lee, Soo-Jung;Choi, Duk-Ju;Kang, Min-Jung;Sung, Nak-Ju
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.182-187
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    • 2008
  • This study was performed to evaluate the possible production of a functional beverage derived from abalone and with several plants (AP). Five types of AP composites were prepared having different medicinal plant compositions (AP- I : abalone, garlic, jujube, Chinese matrimony fruit, dried orange peel, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP- II: abalone, garlic, black bean, Chinese matrimony fruit, cornus fruit, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP-III : abalone, jujube, arrow root, milk vetch, dried orange peel, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP-N: abalone, black bean, arrow root, milk vetch, cornus fruit, liquorice root, zinger, honey; AP-V : abalone, garlic, Chinese matrimony fruit, milk vetch, licorice root, zinger, honey). In vitro analysis were performed to examine the antioxidant contents and alcohol dehydrogenase activities of the composites. AP- II had the highest total phenol contents ($28.55{\pm}1.56\;mg/l00\;g$), and AP- V the highest level of flavonoids ($47.61{\pm}1.58\;mg/l00\;g$). At $78.89{\pm}0.16%$, AP- V displayed the strongest electron donating ability followed by AP-II($57.99{\pm}0.21%$) and API ($37.66{\pm}0.20%$). Reducing power was also significantly higher in AP- V. The Hydroxyl radical scavenging and SOD-like activities of all composites were less than 15% and 20%, respectively. At 12.5% alcohol concentration, ADH activity ranged from $114.47{\pm}2.18{\sim}121.39{\pm}4.36%$ and ALDH activity ranged from $100.04{\pm}2.90{\sim}129.54{\pm}4.80%$; AP- I , AP- II, and AP- Vin 12.5% of alcoholic concentration. The composites of AP- I , AP- II, and AP- V, all containing garlic and Chinese matrimony fruit, were significantly stronger than AP-III and AP-N. Finally, also at 12.5% alcoholic concentration, the ALDH activity of AP- V was higher than its ADH activity.

Screening of Fungicides and Natural Plant Products and Their Efficacy on Control of Aspergillosis in Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

  • Singh, G.P.;Sharma, S.D.;Selvakumar, T.;Nataraju, B.;Datta, R.K.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.5-11
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    • 2002
  • Seven fungicides viz., salcylic acid, bacistin (Carbandazim 50% WP), bayleton (Triadimefon 25% WP), Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb 75% WP), captan (Captaf 50% WP) formaldehyde and benzoic acid at three concentrations (0.50,0.75 and 1.0%) and ten plant products viz., Hena leaf, garlic bulb, tomato leaf, mango bark, cotton leaf, turmeric powder, onion, tulsi leaf, neem leaf and ginger at 1.0,2.0 and 3.0% concentrations were screened against Aspergillus flavus and A. tamarii in vitro. Among fungicides, salcylic acid and bavistin and among plants Hena and Mango bark powder were found to be very effective at all concentrations tested. Based on in vitro screening, only selected six fungicides at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.(0% and six plants at 2.0,4.0 and 6.0% concentrations were tested in vivo for controlling Aspergillosis in silkworm. Salcylic acid and bavistin fungicides and Hena leaf powder and Mango bark powder have shown considerable effect in controlling Aspergillus infection in silkworm at all concentrations tested.

Rubia cordifolia: a review

  • Patil, Rupali;Mohan, Mahalaxmi;Kasture, Veena;Kasture, Sanjay
    • Advances in Traditional Medicine
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2009
  • Medicinal herbs are significant source of synthetic and herbal drugs. In the commercial market, medicinal herbs are used as raw drugs, extracts or tinctures. Isolated active constituents are used for applied research. For the last few decades, phytochemistry (study of plants) has been making rapid progress and herbal products are becoming popular. According to Ayurveda, the ancient healing system of India, the classical texts of Ayurveda, Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita were written around 1000 B.C. The Ayurvedic Materia Medica includes 600 medicinal plants along with therapeutics. Herbs like turmeric, fenugreek, ginger, garlic and holy basil are integral part of Ayurvedic formulations. The formulations incorporate single herb or more than two herbs (poly-herbal formulations). Medicinal herb contains multitude of chemical compounds like alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, resins, oleoresins, sesquiterpene, lactones and oils (essential and fixed). Today there is growing interest in chemical composition of plant based medicines. Several bioactive constituents have been isolated and studied for pharmacological activity. R. cordifolia is an important medicinal plant commonly used in the traditional and Ayurvedic system of medicine for treatment of different ailments. This review illustrates its major constituents, pharmacological actions substantiating the claims made about this plant in the traditional system of medicine and its clinical applications.

Taurine Content in Korean Foods of Plant Origin (한국인 상용 식물성 식품의 타우린함량 조사)

  • 박태선;박정은;장준성;손미원;손경희
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.801-807
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    • 1998
  • Taurine content in Korean foods of plant origin was determined for 118 commonly used food items including cereals, potatoes, pulses, nuts, seeds, vegetables and fruits. Taurine concentration in food sample was analyzed using an automated amino acid analyzer(Biochrom 20, Pharmacia LKB) based on ion-exchange chromatography. Taurine was frequently detected in plant kingdom in much lower concentrations(1/100~1/1000) than those found in marine lifes and mammals. Glutinous rice, glutinous millent and sorghum did not contain taurine, while 0.7~3.9mg taurine/100g dry wt were detected in rice, barley and their products. Potatoes and sweet potatoes contained 0.3~1.2mg taurine/100g wet wt, and seasame seeds, perilla seeds, almonds, walnuts and gigko nuts contained 0.7~3.0mg taurine/100g wt. Taurine concentration was undetectable in most of the pulses, and in a large number of vegetables. Garlic bulbs, eggplants, green peppers, lotus roots, and cabbages have a relatively high level of taurine(around 1mg taurine/100g wet wt) among vegetables. Taurine was absent or found in very low levels(<1mg taurine/100g wet wt) in most of the commonly used fruits.

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Effect of Soil Temperature, Seedtime, and Fertilization Rate on the Secondary Growth in the Cultivation of the Big Bulbils of Namdo Garlic (Allium sativum L.) (남도마늘 대주아 재배시 지온, 파종시기 및 시비량이 이차생장에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Hak-Soon;Yang, Eun-Young;Chae, Won-Byoung;Kwack, Yong-Bum;Kim, Hong-Lim
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.454-459
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    • 2009
  • The secondary growth of garlic depreciates the quality of a bulb and, in the worse cases, makes it difficult to be used as a seed bulb due to many insertions of small cloves in the seed bulb. Therefore, the effect of soil temperature, seedtime, and fertilization rate on the secondary growth of the big bulbils of Namdo garlic has been examined. When we analyzed into the growth characteristics of big bulbils of Namdo garlic under different fertilizer application levels (50% increased fertilization, experimental fertilization and 50% decreased fertilization), the plant height, numbers of leaf, sheathe diameter, leaf length, and leaf width were the best in 50% increase of the test rate of fertilizer. The occurrence rates of secondary growth were 34.2% in 50% decrease of the test rate of fertilizer, 44.3% in the test rate, and 54.1% in 50% increase of the test rate of fertilizer. In other words, the occurrence rate of secondary growth increased by increasing the fertilization rate. While the average harvested bulb weight were 34.1g in 50% decrease of the test rate of fertilizer, 35.1g in the test rate of fertilizer, and 33.9g in 50% increase of the test rate of fertilizer, there were no changes in the number of cloves under different fertilization rates. As the correlation diagram between the soil temperature and occurrence of the secondary growth showed very high relation with 0.892~0.997, the secondary growth in cultivation of Namdo garlic big bulbils had considerably close correlation with the soil temperature. As the earlier the seedtime was, the growth of the above-groundparts including the plant height, numbers of leaf, and sheath diameter were the better. The averages of bulb weight were 36g in the mid September sowed seed bulb, 29.6g in the late September sowed seed bulb, and 27.9g in the early October sowed seed bulb. Overall, our results showed that the bulb size is dependent on the seedtime and the seedtime has no particular effects on the secondary growth.

Effects of Amendments on Ginseng Root Rot Caused by Fusarium solani Population Changes of the Microorganisms in Soil (토양(土壤)개량(改良)이 Fusarium solani 에 의한 인삼근부병과(人蔘根腐病)과 미생물(微生物) 변동(變動)에 미치는 효과(效果))

  • Son, Suh-Gyu;Shin, Hyun-Sung;Lee, Min-Woong
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.41-47
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    • 1985
  • Eighteen plant residues were added to soil and the amended soil was inoculated with chlamydospores (5,000 cells/g soil) of Fusarium solani causing root rot of ginseng in soil to test the effects of amendment using pea (Pisium sativa L.) as an index plant. Distributional conditions of microogranisms in soil were compared with each other before and after dealing with soil amendment by plant debries. Infection rate by index plant's infectivity showed a higher degree in the treatment of wheat crushed than in control group, and followed by stalk of sweet potato, chinese cabbage, ginseng leaves and soybean pod. On the other hand, the de­creasing order of infection rate was root of garlic, welsh onion, cabbage leaf and stalk, green onion stalk, wheat straw and barley straw. In comparison with control group, the propagules of fungi increased in the treatment of ginseng leaves, soybean ground, wheat crushed, maize stalk, and chinese cabbage, but decreased in the root of garlic, cabbage, and barley straw. Population of total bacteria increased in the treatment of soybean ground, chinese cabbage, radish stalk, welsh onion, and wheat crushed, but decreased in barley straw, tobaco root, ginseng stalk, and wheat straw. The numbers of actinomycetes increased only in the treatment of soybean ground in a comparison with control and also decreased in the garlic stalk and tobaco root. The propagules of Fusarium spp increased in the treatment of chinese cabbage, welsh onion, radish stalk, wheat crushed, and sweet potato stalk, wheat crushed, and sweet potato stalk, but decreased in the treat­ment of wheat straw, ginseng leaves, and cabbage than control.

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Production of Mother Bulbs with High Quality Using Bulbils of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) (마늘의 주아(珠芽)를 이용(利用)한 우양종구생산(優良種球生産))

  • Seo, Yeong-Bea;Kim, Dae-Kew;Sohn, Jae-Keun
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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    • v.17
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    • pp.21-29
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    • 1999
  • This study was carried out to determine the promising method for the production of mother bulbs using garlic bulbs at the experimental field of Ange high school, Eusung in Korea from 1996 to 1998. The bulbs and bulbils were taken from a local cultivar 'Eusung' garlic. The growth of bulbil and yield potential were compared with different harvesting times and cultivation methods of bulbil. The harvesting time of bulbils which were capable of producing the mother bulbs was ranged from 15 days to 30 days after the emergence of flower stalks. The best results based on the yield and number of bulbs were obtained from the bulbils sampled at the just before garlic harvesting, 30 days after flower-stalk emergence. The mulching with transparent polyethylene(PE) film in bulbil cultivation was more effective for the plant growth and bulb formation than that with black PE film. The PE mulching from 30 days after seeding of bulbils to 30 days (late-April) before bulb harvesting was the moot effective for the increase of bulb yield. In the cultivation of garlic bulbils, application of lime (150 kg/10a) and compost (3,000 kg/10a) without any chemical fertilizers produced more bulbs in comparison with the standard level of fertilizer (N - $P_2O_5$ - $K_2O$ - compost - lime = 24.8 - 8.0 - 19.2 - 3,000 - 150 kg/10a). It was determined that the involucre seeding and assemble seeding of bulbils was effective and labour-saving methods for the production of mother bulbs from garlic bulbils. Input of labour force for the involucre seeding was decreased up to 61% as compared with the conventional drill seeding of bulbils. Mean yield from the cultivation of bulbil-derived single cloves was remarkably increased up to 95% in comparison with that of the common cloves. The larger size of single clove produced more yields, and the optimum planting density of single clove was $20{\times}10cm$. The cloves differentiated directly from bulbil showed to have higher yield potential than that from common cloves.

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Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Functional Plant Materials (항산화 및 면역 활성 증강을 위한 생약재의 탐색)

  • Lee, Soo-Jung;Shin, Jung-Hye;Lee, Hye-Jin;Tak, Hyun-Min;Kang, Min-Jung;Sung, Nak-Ju
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.23 no.7
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    • pp.869-878
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    • 2013
  • Eleven functional plant materials were identified via a literature search, and their antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells were tested. Yields from hot water extracts of the materials were the highest (52.10%) in Lycii fructus, and the yields from Phellinus linteus were the lowest (5.7%). The yields of another were 14.50-42.47%. Total phenol and flavonoids contents were the highest in P. linteus. The $EC_{50}$ values for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were lower than $100{\mu}g/ml$ for Salvia miltiorrhiza, whereas the values for P. linteus, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Paeonia lactiflora were $100-200{\mu}g/ml$. The $EC_{50}$ value for the superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of all the extracts was higher than $300{\mu}g/ml$. P. linteus for the reducing power was shown the highest activity. $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity was the highest in the Morus alba extract. In an MTT assay, the cell viability of the RAW264.7 LPS-exposed cells was above 80% in extracts of $50{\mu}g/ml$ and above 77% in extracts of $100{\mu}g/ml$ in all the plant materials except Acanthopanax sessiliflorum. NO production in the RAW264.7 LPS-exposed cells showed a 12-fold increase compared to the control. The NO production level of all the extracts was $6.86-26.18{\mu}M$. Notably, $100{\mu}g/ml$ of S. baicalensis extract showed a remarkable decrease in NO production (72%) compared with the control. The potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of S.baicalensis, P. linteus, S. miltiorrhiza, M. alba, and P. lactiflora suggest that they are potential candidates as functional materials.

Vitamin U in Medicinal Food Plants

  • Kim Gun-Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.224-231
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    • 2004
  • Vitamin U levels in 26 kinds of food plants are well known to healthy vegetables in Asian or Western countries were determined. Spinach showed the highest level of 452.04 mg/kg and in order Pack-choi (343.18 mg/kg) > Kale (234.18 mg/kg) > Somssukbujaengi (197.66 mg/kg) > leaf mustard (196.21 mg/kg) > aralia bud (192.50 mg/kg)> broccoli (189.03 mg/kg) >Asparagus (187.35 mg/kg). Among Korean wild medicinal plants, Sumssukbujaengi showed the highest value followed by Sanmanul (a kind of wild garlic) level of 143.46 mg/kg. For Chinese cabbages and cabbages, vitamin U showed different levels according to the parts of plant such as core, middle, outward leaves. In both samples, middle parts of leaves including midribs contained the highest level of vitamin U. The level of vitamin U was dependent on the part of the plant sample and cultivars. Leaf parts of turnip and white radish showed higher value of 84.82 mg/kg and 124.62 mg/kg than those of roots which were in order of middle (112.39 mg/kg), top (84.84 mg/kg) and bottom (84.61 mg/kg) portions in the white radish. In the analysis of amino acids, we didn't find either distinctive relationship between methionine and vitamin U synthesis or significant connection various free amino acids and vitamin U level in food plants.

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Soil Adsorption of Herbicide Quizalofop-Ethyl (제초제 Quizalofop-Ethyl의 토양흡착)

  • Kim, Hee-Kwon;Park, In-Jin;Shim, Jae-Han;Shu, Yong-Tack
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.442-447
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    • 1996
  • Quizalofop-ethyl is a herbicide which is extensively applied to soybean, onion, garlic, strawberry and watermelon to control broad-leaf weeds. The experiment was conducted to find out soil adsorption of this chemical. The soil adsorption of quizalofop-ethyl in both Yeongok and Namwon soil series reached an equilibrium 24 hours after shaking incubation. Correlation coefficients of Freundlich plot of both soils were 0.998 and 0.995, respectively. Adsorption constants(K) were 4.710 and 10.414, respectively. Amounts of soil adsorption of quizalofop-ethyl increased with an increase in soil organic matter and incubation temperature.

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