• 생약학회지
• /
• 제37권2호통권145호
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2006

Garlic(Allium sativum Linn) is widely used as a common condiment for a variety of foods and beverages. It has been well known that fresh garlic and garlic supplement of commercial preparations have various therapeutic properties including antimicrobial activity, antiplatelet aggregation, antihypertension, and cholesterol-lowering effects, which contribute to its increasing uses for an alternative medicine. Allicin(diallyl thiosulfinate), the major bioactive components of garlic, is formed by alliinase cleavage of the naturally occurring alliin upon crushing or mincing of garlic, and is the progenitor of a number of other products, such as diallyl disulfide. CYP3A4, heme-containing monooxygenase, is a key enzyme responsible for drug metabolism. Therefor, in the present study, we isolated and examined the compounds with CYP3A4-inhibiting activities from garlic. Among EtOAc extracts of garlic, we found that N-p-coumaroyltyramine and N-feruloyltyramine showed remarkable CYP3A4-inhibiting activities, compared to diallyl disulfide. Structures of the isolated active compounds were established by chemical and spectroscopic means.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.215-221
• /
• 1993

Bioactivity of the extract from various processed garlic was evaluated based on the inhibition of lipoxygenase(LPO), and the effect of some stabilizers on the bioactivity was investigated. Water, ethanol or chloroform extract of 30 min boiled garlic showed 75%, 76% or 70% inhibition, respectively, compared to extracts of fresh garlic. In pickled garlic, LPO inhibition decreased gradually during storage. Chloroform extract of 40 day-stored pickled garlic inhibited LPO by 77%, and even on 60th day storage it still retained inhibitory effect of 73%, compared to that of fresh garlic. Meanwhile, the powdered (freeze-dried) garlic showed more bioactivity(80%) than the other processed garlics, and moreover, the jrreversible/unstable components seem to be stabilized by freeze-drying. The optimum pH for stabilization of bioactive components in garlic macerate was pH 3 for 48 hr incubation and pH 11 for 6 hr incubation. In addition, the effect of NaCl was not so great, although but maximal stabilization was observed at 150 mM. Stabilizing effect of $\alpha$-tocopherol was markedly great, and at 6mM it showed 308% stabilizing effect after 48hr incubation. More stabilizing effect was observed at lower concentrations of ascorbic acid($\leq$0.6mM) than higher concentrations. The stabilizing effect of soybean oil was found to be remarkable only during initial period(6 hr) of incubation.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.44-49
• /
• 1990

열풍건조법과 동결건조법으로 제조한 분말마늘의 품질을 비교 조사하였다. 마늘의 휘발성 향기성분을 분리하는데 porapak Q 칼럼이 비교적 적합하였으며 FD-3구를 제외한 모든 동결건조구에서 열풍건조구에 비하여 diallyl disulphide, $P_t$, alliin의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 색차계로 분말마늘의 색도를 조사한 결과. 열풍건조구가 동결건조구에 비하여 갈변현상이 심하게 나타났으며 주사전자현미경으로 분말마늘의 미세조직을 관찰한 결과 동결건조 분말은 상당히 다공성이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제41권5호
• /
• pp.577-583
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 황 함유 채소류 중 사용범위가 넓은 마늘, 무, 부추, 생강, 양파, 파를 80% 에탄올에 추출하여 항산화 및 항균효과에 대해 평가하였다. 추출 수율은 2.33~10.12%를 나타내었으며, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 생강이 $233.63{\pm}4.59$, 부추가 $220.98{\pm}10.56$ mg/g GAE로 높은 함량을 나타내었고, 양파, 파, 마늘, 무 순으로 $69.07{\pm}1.42$, $68.83{\pm}2.11$, $19.41{\pm}0.40$, $19.05{\pm}03.32$ mg/g GAE의 함량을 나타내었다. DPPH radical 소거활성을 측정한 결과, 생강의 $IC_{50}$ 값이 $1.57{\pm}0.15$ mg/mL로 가장 높았으며, 이어 부추>양파>무>파>마늘의 순이었다. ABTS 라디칼 소거활성 및 FRAP value의 측정 결과 역시 생강 및 부추 추출물에서 높은 항산화활성을 나타내었으며 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성의 경우 파>양파>마늘>무, FRAP value의 경우 파>양파>무>마늘의 순으로 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 항산화 활성 측정결과 전체적으로 생강에서 가장 높은 항산화활성을 나타내었다. 항균활성 측정결과, 부추의 경우 실험에 사용된 7가지 균주에 대해 모두 항균 활성을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 마늘의 경우(5 mg/disc), $B.$ $cereus$(22.3 mm) 및 $E.$ $coli$(24.3 mm)에 대해 높은 항균활성을 나타내었다. 양파와 파는 10 mg/disc 농도에서 $E.$ $coli$(12.7 및 10.3 mm)와 $B.$ $cereus$(12.0 및 12.5 mm) 균주에 대해서만 항균력을 나타내었고, $L.$ $plantarum$ 균주(10 mg/disc)에 대해서는 마늘(18.0 mm)과 부추(10.4 mm)가 항균활성을 나타내었다. 본 연구결과, 다양한 한국음식에 광범위하게 이용되는 황 함유채소류 중 생강 및 부추는 항산화 활성이, 부추 및 마늘은 항균력이 높아 특히 부추의 경우 식품 첨가물 및 식품 보존제로서도 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권10호
• /
• pp.1419-1429
• /
• 2012

A series of studies were carried out to investigate the supplemental effects of dietary garlic extracts (GE) on whole body amino acids, whole body and muscle free amino acids, fatty acid composition and blood plasma changes in 6 month old juvenile sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus). In the first experiment, fish with an average body weight of 59.6 g were randomly allotted to each of 10 tanks (two groups of five replicates, 20 fish/tank) and fed diets with (0.5%) or without (control) GE respectively, at the level of 2% of fish body weight per day for 5 wks. Whole body amino acid composition between the GE and control groups were not different (p>0.05). Among free amino acids in muscle, L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, L-valine, L-leucine and L-phenylalanine were significantly (p<0.05) higher in GE than in control. However, total whole body free amino acids were significantly lower in GE than in control (p<0.05). GE group showed higher EPA (C22:6n3) and DHA (C22:5n3) in their whole body than the other group (p<0.05). In the second experiment, the effects of dietary garlic extracts on blood plasma changes were investigated using 6 month old juvenile sterlet sturgeon averaging 56.5 g. Fish were randomly allotted to each of 2 tanks (300 fish/tank) and fed diets with (0.5%) or without (control) GE respectively, at the rate of 2% of body weight per day for 23 d. At the end of the feeding trial, blood was taken from the tail vein (n = 5, per group) at 1, 12, and 24 h after feeding, respectively. Blood plasma glucose, insulin and the other serological characteristics were also measured to assess postprandial status of the fish. Plasma glucose concentrations (mg/dl) between two groups (GE vs control) were significantly (p< 0.05) different at 1 (50.8 vs 62.4) and 24 h (57.6 vs 73.6) after feeding, respectively, while no significant difference (p>0.05) were noticed at 12 h (74.6 vs 73.0). Plasma insulin concentrations (${\mu}IU$/ml) between the two groups were significantly (p<0.05) different at 1 (10.56 vs 5.06) and 24 h (32.56 vs 2.96) after feeding. The present results suggested that dietary garlic extracts could increase dietary glucose utilization through the insulin secretion, which result in improved fish body quality and feed utilization by juvenile sterlet sturgeon.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.307-313
• /
• 2002

체내 cholesterol 수치를 낮추기 위하여 HMG-CoA reductase 활성을 저해하는 물질들을 닭에게 급여하여 in vitro상에서 검토한 결과, HMG-CoA reductase 활성에 대한 마늘, lovastatin과 copper의 순으로 저해능은 51.3%, 87.5%, 82.0%이었다. 또한 혈장, 가슴조직, 간장의 cholesterol 함량에 대한 마늘(3% in diet), lovastatin(300mg/Kg of diet), copper(200mg/Kg of diet)의 효과를 검토하였다. 혈장 중의 cholesterol 함량과 HDL, LDL cholesterol 함량은 3% 마늘의 투여로 감소되어졌으나 copper의 투여는 오히려 증가하였고, lovastatin 투여에 의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 그리고 간장과 가슴조직의 cholesterol과 triglyceride는 사료에 cholestrol의 수치를 저하시키는 물질을 첨가하였으나 별다른 차이가 없었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.149-153
• /
• 2003

Effects of kimchi and its ingredients, vitamin C and $\beta$-sitosterol on the growth of Helicobacter pylori were investigated. Three kimchi variations were studied: a standard recipe (kimchi I) and two functional variations for cancer prevention and treatment made with organically grown ingredients (kimch II and III). Methanol extracts and juices from kimchi I and III did not inhibit the growth of H. pylori. However, 10 mm and 12 mm inhibition zones were formed by methanol extract and juice from kimchi II, which had higher concentrations of red pepper powder (RPP) than those of kimchi I and III. Among the major kimchi ingredients, methanol extracts of RPP, garlic and ginger substantially inhibited the growth of H. pylori. The maximal inhibition zone (30 mm) was attained with garlic treatment. Inhibitory effects of the RPP, garlic and the sub-ingredient mixture (prepared with radish, garlic, RPP, ginger, green onion, sugar and fermented anchovy juice) on H. pylori were decreased by lactic acid bacteria fermentation. Neither the fermented garlic nor the fermented sub-ingredient mixture inhibited the growth of H. pylori. But, the inhibition Bone of fermented RPP was 12 mm, which was less than the 16 mm inhibition zone formed by the non-fermented RPP. Vitamin C and $\beta$-sitosterol which are known to be functional active compounds of kimchi also showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of H. pylori after 3 days of incubation. Further study is needed to determine why the inhibitory effect is removed or decreased by lactic acid fermentation, and to determine if fresh kimchi and lactic acid bacteria of kimchi can inhibit the growth of H. pylori.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제29권11호
• /
• pp.1241-1250
• /
• 2019

본 연구에서는 섬애약쑥(Artemisia argyi H.)의 생리활성 규명을 위한 연구의 일환으로 6종의 용매(butanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethyl ether, hexane, methanol)로 추출하여 총 페놀화합물과 플라보노이드 함량, 항산화 및 파골세포 분화 억제 활성을 검증하였다. 섬애약쑥 용매별 추출물의 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 화합물은 methanol 추출물에서 함량이 가장 높고 다음으로 butanol 추출물이 높으며, ethyl ether 및 hexane 추출물은 여타추출물보다 그 함량이 낮았다. ABTS 및 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성과 FRAP법에 의한 항산화력을 측정한 결과 methanol 추출물의 항산화활성이 유의적으로 가장 높았고 hexane 추출물의 활성이 유의적으로 가장 낮았다. NO 생성억제능은 비교적 저농도인 $2.5{\mu}g/ml$에서 6종 추출물 모두 확인되었으며, $20{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서는 ethyl acetate가 가장 활성이 높고 다음으로 butanol 추출물에서 높게 측정되었다. ROS 생성 억제능은 농도 의존적으로 활성이 증가하였으며, $20{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 ethyl acetate 추출물과 butanol 추출물이 다른 4종의 추출물 대비 활성이 높았다. TRAP 염색을 통해 용매별 추출물들의 파골세포 분화 활성을 확인한 결과 6종 추출물 모두에서 농도 의존적으로 분화 억제 활성이 증가하였으며, butanol 추출물에서 분화 억제 활성이 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과들을 종합하여 볼 때 섬애약쑥 용매별 추출물 중 butanol 추출물이 항산화 활성과 파골세포 분화억제 활성이 모두 높기 때문에 향후 골다공증의 치료 및 예방에 있어서 유효할 것으로 추정된다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권7호
• /
• pp.1080-1090
• /
• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the effect of pre-treated black garlic (BG) extracts addition into retorted Korean ginseng chicken soup (Samgyetang) on the fatty acid composition and flavour-related indexes. Methods: Four different treatments; Samgyetang made with a 5% (w/w) addition of garlic (G), fresh BG (FBG), oven-dried BG (DBG), or encapsulated BG (EBG) extracts were developed and compared to negative control (NC) without any extract addition. Prepared samples were cooked via retorting at 121.1℃, 1.5 kgf/cm² for 1 h. Results: The BG treated samples were higher in C18:3n3 and C18:2n6 fatty acids, with thrombogenic index was 18% to 20% lower than the NC. EBG yielded the highest umami-related nucleotides (5'-guanosine monophosphate and 5'-inosine monophosphate) and modified some free amino acid (alyne, phenylalanine and leucine) thus possessed the highest equivalent umami concentration among samples. Some individual aldehydes (pentanal, hexanal, and heptanal) were lower, while furans and volatile sulfur compounds were higher than the NC and G treatment group, indicating a potential suppression of unpleasant flavour alongwith the intensificiation of favourable flavour from the addition of BG extracts into retorted Samgyetang. Conclusion: Taken together, the synergistic results of this study indicate that incorportating suitable pre-treatment of BG extract could be of critical importance for the development of the retorted Samgyetang with improved flavour and functionalities.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제40권6호
• /
• pp.514-518
• /
• 1997

향신료 중에서 항균성 물질을 분리 정제하고, 그 저해 양상 및 작용 기구를 규명하고자 하는 연구의 일환으로 대표적인 향신료인 마늘과 생강을 대상으로 하여 각종 용매로 추출한 추출물의 항균성을 확인하는 한편, 이들의 증류 성분을 추출, 분리, 동정하였다. 마늘의 각종 추출물은 대체로 Gram 양성균보다는 Gram 음성균에 강한 항균성을 나타내었고, 효모에 대해서도 매우 강한 항균성을 보였는데, 추출에 사용된 용매 중에는 에테르를 사용한 추출물에서 비교적 강한 항균성을 나타내었다. 생강의 경우도 항균성 물질은 에테르를 용매로 사용할 때 세균에 대한 항균 효과를 기대할 수 있었다. 마늘과 생강의 증류 성분을 SDE장치를 사용하여 추출하고, 이를 GC/MSD와 Kovat's retention index로 분석한 결과, 각각 13종과 21종이 동정되었다. 마늘에는 함황화합물이 가장 많은 종을 차지하였고, 생강에는 탄수화물이 가장 많은 종을 차지하였다. 마늘의 특징적 방향에 기여하는 성분으로는 di-2-propenyl disulfide, methyl 2-propenyl disulfide, 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiirane 및 3,3'-thiobis-1-propene이었고, 생강의 특징적 방향에 기여하는 성분으로는 ${\alpha}-zingibirene$, ${\beta}-phellandrene$, ${\beta}-sesquiphellandrene$ 및 camphene이었다.