• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.868-876
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• 2005

Silk fabrics were dyed with yellow natural materials. Gardenia, turmeric, amur cork tree, safflower, Japanese pagoda tree, and onion were used as natural materials. Color image of natural dyed silk fabrics was classified by 4 factors(Cheerfulness, Comfortness, Pastrol, Revealation). Cheerfulness factor affected significantly with color image. Amur cork tree or turmeric dyed fabrics were shown as light and cute, safflower or gardenia dyed fabric shown as comfort, and onion dyed fabrics shown as mature and simple. Color image with specialty was significant difference in Preference and Revelation factor. Preference was appeared as amur cork tree>turmeric>gardenia>safflower>Japanese pagoda tree>onion.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.778-784
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• 2004

The natural dyeing of silk fabric with natural gardenia blue powder was investigated. The sum of K/S values was increased with increasing the amount of gardenia powder up to 20%,(o.w.b.). The proper time, temperature and pH for the dyeing of silk fabric with gardenia blue powder were 60~80 minutes, $80^{\circ}C$ and pH 4, respectively. The B and BG colors were obtained according to various mordanting methods, mordants and mordant concentrations. The various colorfastness were not improved by mordanting. The colorfastness to light was poor, but the colorfastness to dry cleaning and washing were good.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2011

The natural dyeing of cotton fabric with gardenia blue powder was studied. Cotton fabrics were treated with chitosan in order to increase K/S values and colorfastness. K/S values were increased with increasing the concentration of gardenia blue powder, dyeing time and temperature, and the lower pH of dye bath. In case of chitosan finishing, K/S values were increased, and ${\lambda}_{max}$ shifted to 600nm at 400nm. The wash fastness was improved, but the abrasion fastness was lowered in the case of wet rubbing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1493-1499
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• 2001

This paper investigated the dyeabiltiy and surface color of Han Jee dyed with Gardenia extract after mordanted with mordants under the various dyeing conditions. The results obtained were as follows 1) λmax of the dyeing Han Jee dyed with Gardenia appeared at 660 and 710nm. 2)K/s value of dyeing Han Jee was increased when dyeing condition, temperature, time was higher. 3) Surface color of Han Jee with mordants changed differently according to the mordants used : 3.2Y by Aluminum acetate, 2.0GY by Copper sulfate, 9.5YR by Iron sulfate. 3.4Y by Tin chloride, and 4.5Y by non-mordanting.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2017

Bioassay guided fractionation and isolation of the $CH_2Cl_2$ extract from the apical bud of Gardenia sootepensis (Rubiaceae) led to the isolation of five known flavonoids (1-5). The structures of the compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR, and MS experiments, as well as by comparison of their data with published values. Compounds 1-5 were isolated for the first time from this plant source. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cancer chemopreventive potential based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production. Among the isolates, compound 4 exhibited considerable NO inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of $13.8{\mu}M$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 1991

Gardenia callus was induced in MS medium containing $10{\;}{\mu}M$ of 2,4 diphenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), $1{\;}{\mu}M$ kinetin, and 3% sucrose in the dark. $B_5$ medium was identified to be the most adequate medium for cell growth. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was better growth regulator than 2,4-D not only for cell growth but slso for carotenoid production. Ligt also played a critical role on synthesis of carotenoid. Gardenia cells grown in $B_5$ medium could utilize a polysaccharide, soluble starch, as a carbon source. The cell growth was stimulated in $B_5$ medium fortified with 0.2% yeast extract. The optimum pH for cell growth was 5.7. High density cultures can be maintained by increasing inoculum size and medium concentration accordingly. Specific growth rate and mass doubling time were 0.095 $day^{-1}$ and 7.3 days, respectively. The cell immobilized in alginate tends to formulate more enlarged vacuoles containing yellow pigment compared with those of suspended cell. Carotenoid content of immobilized cell was about $264.4{\;}{\mu}g/g$ fresh weight (F.W.) corresponding twice of the content of suspended cell ($112.08{\;}{\mu}g/g$ F.W.). The color of gardenia cell was shifted from yellow to red when carbohydrase-secreting fungus, Trichoderma reesei, was co-cultivated with gardenia cells.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.2 s.57
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• pp.89-91
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to find for suitable chemical reagents to use as a green-color protector for Gardenia jasminoldes Green pigment and to compare the effectiveness of these reagents for discoloration prevention. Gardenia jasminoldes Green treated with polyoxyethylene (POE) (12) dimethicone shouted a greener color than those treated with methoxycinnamidopropyl hydroxysultaine ultraviolet stabilizers after ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The experimental results exhibited that the concentration of the POE (12) dimethicone affected the effectiveness of green-color conservation. The greenest rotor was obtained by treating 0.10 wt% aquous solution of Gardenia jasminoldes Green with 1.0 wt% POE (12) dimethicone aqueous solution and the absorbances of the solutions after UVR were increased from 78% to 95% in comparison with the untreated. In addition, the Gardenia jasminoldes Green aqueous solution mixed with POE (12) dimethicone showed great green-color fastness in outdoor weathering exposure. The mechanism of the green color protection under UVR is unclear, however the dimethicone group of POE (12) dimethicone may play and important role in the stabilization.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.1 s.81
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• pp.24-30
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• 2007

Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were performed in order to analyse the genetic relation-ships of both taxa of Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans and G. jasminoides for. grandifora. Over the 88 fragments, only one locus (ISSR-11-05) was specific to G. jasminoides var. radicans and only one (ISSR-09-05) G. jasminoides for. grandiflora. Although G. jasminoides var. radicans showed low levels of alleles and Shannon's information index than G. jasminoides for. Grandiflora, however, there was not significant differences (p > 0.05). For both taxa the mean genetic diversity of natural populations was higher than that of cultivation populations. It was suggested that domestication processes via artificial selection do not have eroded the high levels of genetic diversity. ISSR markers were more effective in classifying natural populations of wild G. jasminoides in East Asia as well as cultivated G. jasminoides. The information about the phylogenetic relationship of G. jasminoides var. radicans and its closely related species is very valuable of the systematics of genus Gardenia, the origin of cultivated G. jasminoides, and future G. jasminoides breeding.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.49-59
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• 2009

The bast fibers of paper mulberry were dyed by using sappan wood, gardenia, and gallnut extracted under various extraction conditions. The surface absorption rates, color, and sunlight fastness of the dyed fibers were compared to those of the dyed cotton and silk. The K/S values of silk showed the highest values, followed by gallnut, gardenia, and sappan wood. The optimum extraction conditions of the dye materials were 20 g/L (input amount of dye materials per liter), $90^{\circ}C$ (extraction temperature), and 30 minutes (extraction time). The values of saturation were observed to increase with the increase of the amount of dye materials, extraction time, and extration temperature. However, no effect were found on the values of hue and lightness. In all samples, the developed colors dyed by sappan wood and gardenia were the series of YR, and Y, respectively. The colors of dyed cotton and bast fibers of paper mulberry by gallnut were the series of Y and the dyed silk showed the series of YR. The values of saturation of the bast fibers of paper mulberry by sappan wood and gardenia showed the highest values of saturation, followed by cotton, and silk. In the case of gallnut, cotton showed the highest values of saturation, followed by the bast fibers of paper mulberry, and silk. The sunlight fastness were not improved in all dyeing conditions.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.271-277
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• 2007

Natural pigments have many applications like colouring agent, pigments, food additives, and antiseptics. At present, instead of synthetic pigments that have contributed to the development of industry, many kinds of natural pigments have been developed. The constituents of gardenia fruits, Gardenia jasminoides ELLIS, are traditionally known as herb medicine and natural dyes/pigments due to the customer is needs. The fruits produce yellow carotenoid pigments and iridoid compounds. The two main components in the yellow pigments are called crocin and crocetin. The extraction mode of yellow pigment from Gardenia is depended upon the extraction time, temperature, and volume of solvent. Red pigments or blue pigments formed from geniposide and amino acids have been reported a lot. Geniposide, the principal iridoid glucoside contained in gardenia fruit, was hydrolyzed to genipinic acid or genipin as a precursor for the pigment by enzymatic or chemical reaction. These red or blue pigments prepared with materials hydrolyzed of geniposide and amino acid and had properties governed by the electrostatic character of the amino acid. The pigments showed good stability to heat and pH but were gradually bleached by light while the other natural pigments are unstable in light, heat, acid, and base solution. The safety of the pigments was considered to be of little virulences in comparison to synthetic pigments.