• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.362-370
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• 2020

Objectives: Despite greater access to training positions and the presence of more women in emergency medicine, it has remained a men-dominated field. This study aims to identify the key issues causing the gender gap in Korea and establish measures to overcome them. Methods: Using the annual statistical reports of the National Emergency Medical Center and data published on the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine website, cases that listed the current status and positions of members in its organization and its committees were analyzed. Secondary analysis was conducted using data from the 2015 Korean Society of Emergency Survey that included physicians' demographics, academic ranking, years of experience, clinical work hours, training and board certification, core faculty status, position, and salaries. Results: As of September 2019, women account for only 12.7% of the total number of emergency physicians (EP) in Korea; of 119 chair/vice-chair academic positions, women represented only 9.2%. Women EP were more often assistant professors and fellowship-trained, with fewer in core faculty. However, they worked the same numbers of clinical hours as their men counterparts. The median annual salary of women EP was less than that of men EP after adjusting for academic hospital rank, clinical hours, and core faculty status. Conclusions: A gender gap still exists among Korean EP, and women earn less than men regardless of their rank, clinical hours, or training. Future studies should evaluate more data and develop system-wide practices to eliminate gender disparities.

• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.469-475
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• 2021

Three strains, YP416^T, YP421^T, and Y422, were isolated from soil samples in Pocheon City, Gyeonggi province, South Korea. The strains belong to two novel yeast species in the genus Mrakia. Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain YP416^T was closely related to Mrakia niccombsii. Still, it differed by 9 nucleotide substitutions with no gap (1.51%) in the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene and 14 nucleotide substitutions with 7 gaps (2.36%) in the ITS region. The strain YP421^T differed from the type strain of the most closely related species, Mrakia aquatica, by 5 nucleotide substitutions with no gap (0.81%) in the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene and 9 nucleotide substitutions with one gap (1.43%) in the ITS region. The names Mrakia terrae sp. nov. and Mrakia soli sp. nov. are proposed, with type strains YP416^T (KCTC 27886^T) and YP421^T (KCTC 27890^T), respectively. MycoBank numbers of the strains YP416^T and YP421^T are MB 836844 and MB 836847, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2731-2736
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• 2007

In this paper, incompressible flow over a cylinder near a plane wall using the Immersed Boundary. Finite Difference Lattice Boltzmann Method (IB-FDLBM) is implemented. In this present method, FDLBM is mixed with IBM by using the equilibrium velocity. We introduce IBM so that we can easy to simulate bluff-bodies. With this numerical procedure, the flow past a circular cylinder near a wall is simulated. We calculated the flow patterns about various Reynolds numbers and gap ratios between a circular cylinder and plane wall. So these are enabled to observe for vortex shedding. The numerical results are found to be in good agreement with those of previous studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.119-126
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• 2004

Permanent magnetic gears are magneto-mechanical devices that are widely used to replace the ordinary mechanical gear and to transmit torque without the mechanical contact. This study investigates the characteristics of touch free permanent magnetic gear according to the employing systems. The effect of the magnetic torque is analyzed by using 3 dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM). To estimate the transmission torque of FEM model, the numerical results are compared with the experimental results. The influences of geometry size, magnet number on transmission torque are obtained. As results of this paper, it is confirmed that the transmission torque behavior is associated with the configuration of the magnet numbers and the air gap between the two permanent magnetic gears.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.388-394
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• 2007

In wireless network, we propose a predictive location update scheme which considers mobile user's(MU's) mobility patterns. MU's mobility patterns can be found from a movement history data. The prediction accuracy and model complexity depend on the degree of application of history data. The more data we use, the more accurate the prediction is. As a result, the location management cost is reduced, but complexity of the model increases. In this paper, we classify MU's mobility patterns into four types. For each type, we find the respective optimal number of application of history data, and predictive location area by using the simulation. The optimal numbers of four types are shown to be different. When we use more than three application of history data, the simulation time and data storage are shown to increase very steeply.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.292-297
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• 2003

The fundamental fluid mechanics associated with the rotation of a smooth plane disk enclosed within a cylindrical chamber have been studied experimentally. In order to acquire systematic information pertinent to this problem torque and friction loss data were obtained over a wide range of disk Reynolds numbers for axial clearance-disk radius ratio H/R from 0.025 to 0.2 and radial tip gap-disk radius ratio s/R from 0.021 to 0.105. Loss analysis of hard disk drive (HDD) is presented to describe the contribution of windage loss of a rotating disk. The minimum loss form factor of HDD can be obtained from this analysis at each operation conditions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.551-561
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• 1997

Mixed convection of air in a horizontal concentric cylindrical annulus is investigated numerically. Isothermal boundary conditions are prescribed at the inner and outer cylinders, with the inner cylinder being warmer. The forced flow is induced by the outer cylinder which is rotating slowly with constant angular velocity with its axis at the center of the annulus. The effect of the forced flow on the flow pattern and heat transfer of natural convection is investigated for the annulus of (inner-cylinder radius/gap width) = 1. There appear two eddies, one eddy or no eddy according to the Rayleigh and Reynolds numbers. Map of the three flow regimes is constructed on the Ra-Re plane. (author). 28 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1990.07a
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• pp.286-288
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• 1990

This paper reports the characteristics of sparkover discharge in flowing air ranging from 0[m/s] to 30 [m/s] under the needle-needle gap. Flowing air duct of this investigation is circular tube. The important results obtained form this study are as follows. 1. the ratio of sparkover voltage to the Reynolds number decreases with increasing the Reynolds number. 2. The duration time of sparkover(t) decreases with increasing the Reynolds number. 3. the empirical equation obtained form this experiment is [ %]${\frac{Vs}{Re}}$ = A + $B{\varepsilon}^{C.Re}$ where A = 10.2 b = 125 c = -4.66 ${\times}$ $10^{-5}$

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.159-165
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• 2001

The fundamental fluid mechanics associated with the rotation of a smooth plane disk enclosed within a cylindrical chamber have been studied experimentally. In order to acquire systematic information pertinent to this problem torque and friction loss data were obtained over a wide range of disk Reynolds numbers for axial clearance-disk radius ratio H/R from 0.025 to 0.2 and radial tip gap-disk radius ratio s/R from 0.021 to 0.105. Loss analysis of hard disk drive(HDD) is presented to describe the contribution of windage loss of a rotating disk. The minimum loss from factor of HDD can be obtained from this analysis at each operation conditions.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.336-346
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• 2012

In this paper, a novel bearingless switched reluctance motor (BLSRM) with hybrid stator poles is proposed. The structure and operating principle are presented. In order to describe the design methodology clearly, analytical torque and radial force models are established. Further, basic design procedure is described. The numbers of phases and poles have important influence on the selection of structure. These effects, along with sizing of machine envelope and internal dimensions, make the machine design an insight-intensive effort. Effect of pole arcs and air-gap length on the production of torque and radial force are analyzed in detail. Mechanical design factors such as hoop stress and first critical speed are also considered. Based on the above analysis, the characteristics of the proposed BLSRM are analyzed. A prototype motor is designed and manufactured. The validity of the proposed structure is verified by the experimental results.