• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.220-226
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• 2007

For the analysis of hazard factors and the development of GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) Ginseng, 10 ginseng cultural farms wished certified GAP were selected at Geumsan-gun area, a representative site of ginseng cultivation in Korea. In order to verify the safety of GAP ginseng, possible contamination of pesticide and heavy metal residues, and microbial hazard were analyzed. Soil and water around ginseng cultivation field, and ginseng were investigated. Eighty-one pesticides including carbendazim were used as typical pesticide against plant pathogens and insect pests of ginseng plant and general crops. There was no excess the maximum residue limit (MRL) in residue figure of the soil. Including the residue figure of the arsenic (0.81 ml/kg) and 7 other heavy metals was also suitable to cultivate the ginseng plant. The irrigation water and dilution water for pesticide application were also safety level for GAP. Fresh ginsengs from the farms were sampled and investigated pesticide residues and contaminations of bacteria. Among 23 pesticides tested, we didn't detect any kinds of pesticide residues, but tolclofos-methyl was frequently found in the other ginseng field. On the investigation of microorganism hazards, 2 gram negative bacteria and 1 gram positive bacterium were found in the fresh ginseng. Number of total bacteria was $1.5{\times}10^3$ cfu/ml, which was less than the other agriculture products. At these results, 10 selected ginseng farms were good cultural places for GAP ginseng production and the ginseng cultured from Geumsan-gun area were a good safe far human.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2014

Drifter is equipment which is hard to localize. Performance of prototype hasn't performed well compared to product of leading companies even though advanced foreign firm's product were dead copied. This study shows cases of approaching the factor which produces performance gap through drifter hydraulic analysis model which is core component of rock drill. Progression of procedure is following. 1) Securing reliability of the analysis model by comparing impact test result with analysis result. 2) Drawing a graph which indicates performance gap between prototype and drifter of advanced foreign firm by using analysis model. 3) Approaching the factor which produces performance gap with analysing variable of the analysis model. Software used for this analysis is SimulationX.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.305-318
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• 2016

This study is to evaluate the uncertainty of the soil parameters associated with the Gap parameter during shield TBM tunnel excavation of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ International Airport Terminal 2 connecting railway construction basic design. And This study is to evaluate the adequacy of the shield TBM design by performing a reliability analysis of the Surface settlement. In addition, By analyzing the reliability indices of the design constants and Sensitivity probability of failure to be used in designing an integer parameter Gap, and By evaluating the design constants of a great influence on the surface subsidence, it was to provide a basis for carrying out an optimum design.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.649-657
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• 2020

This study aims to describe the perceptions of accounting students and expectations of employers towards the skills and knowledge needed by accounting graduates in Indonesia. Quantitative method using survey is employed to analyze 103 questionnaires from students and 51 questionnaires from employers. The results showed that students' perceived honesty, continuous learning, and work ethics are important skills, while employers stress the importance of work ethics, teamwork, and time management. Knowledge needed by accounting graduates in the perception of students includes financial accounting, financial reporting, and financial statement analysis, whereas employers perceived the importance of financial statement analysis, knowledge of Microsoft Office program, and financial accounting. Further analysis showed that there is an expectation gap between the perceptions of students and the expectations of employers towards skills - not knowledge - needed by accounting graduates. Although investigations of students' perceptions and employers' expectations have been conducted in previous studies, the information should be updated continuously to reflect the current conditions. This study offers the recent perceptions from students and employers to identify the current expectation gap. This study points to the importance of skills development in the university curriculum in order to develop the skillful human resources in accounting and meet the expectations of employers.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.46-50
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• 2020

In this research, the attractive force of Coulomb type electrostatic chuck(ESC), which consisted of alumina dielectric, on glass substrate was studied by using the finite element analysis. The attractive force is caused by the high electrical resistance which occurs in contact region between glass substrate and dielectric layer. This research tries the simple geometrical modeling of ESC and glass substrate with air gap. The influences of the applied voltage, and air gap are investigated. When alumina dielectric with 1014 Ω·cm, 1.5 kV voltage, and 0.01 mm air gap were applied, electrostatic force in this work reached to 4 gf/㎠. This results show that the modeling of air gap is essential to derive the attractive force of the ESC.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

PURPOSES : A complete signal system is not always the best solution for improving traffic operation efficiency at intersections. An alternative solution is to use a Protected Permitted Left Turn (PPLT) operation method. However, the PPLT method needs to be developed after a detailed study of driving tendencies, most notably the gap acceptance behavior, for successful implementation. In this study, the gap acceptance behavior was investigated under various variables and weather conditions, especially under rain, and the results were compared to the case of normal weather. The results of this study will be helpful in introducing the PPLT method, and are important considering the tendency of attempting unprotected left turns that is extremely common in Korean drivers. METHODS : Data was obtained by analyzing traffic footage at four intersections on a day when the precipitation was greater than 5 mm/h. The collected data was classified into seven variables for statistical analysis. Finally, we used logistic regression analysis to develop a probability distribution model. RESULTS : Gap, traffic volume, and the number of conflicting lanes were factors affecting the gap acceptance behavior of unprotected left turns under rainy conditions. CONCLUSIONS : The probability of attempting unprotected left turns is higher for larger gaps. On the other hand, the probability of attempting unprotected left turns decreases with an increase in the traffic volume. Finally, an increase in the number of conflict lanes leads to a decrease in the probability of attempting unprotected left turns.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.113-133
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• 2008

In recent years, speedy development of Taiwan's hotel industry intensifies market competition, customers' demands on hotel services quality also increase with the increase of their consumption consciousness, and their demands on hotel types diversify, therefore hotel industry should concern on their unique management services quality brought by their different hotel types. The current designed service system or service transmission process may fail to meet customers' demands owing to emphasizing degree gap in service quality. What is worse, it is difficult for hotel industry to actualize complete customer segregation and to provide customized services, therefore comprehensive understanding of customers' demands on the service quality of different types hotels would contribute to operating management improvement of Taiwan hotel industry. This paper divides Taiwan hotels into three types: international tourism commercial type, holiday type and motel, the general hotels. It studies the emphasize degree gap in service quality between the industry and the customers. Data analysis shows that service quality gap (perceived gap) of hotels of different types exists in several quality aspects; what's more, the perceived gaps, service quality aspects, and its items of different types of hotel are also different. After an integrated analysis, this paper puts forward a general and customer-oriented quality item suitable for hotel industry to shorten the perceived gap of service quality, so that the hotel industry could design a service system and service transfer system, which could meet most lodging customers' demands in the context of pluralized customer sources.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.372-382
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• 2005

DS/CDM-QPSK (ITU-R Recommendation BO.1130-4 Annex 6, 'Digital System E'), which has been adoptedas a standard of Korean Satellite DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) system, is a satellite-based multimedia broadcasting service which transmits the multi-channel and high quality contents to the terrestrial users through a satellite or gap-fillers. The broadcast from a satellite is directly received in the plain terrain which are within line-of-sight, but in cities where the broadcast cannot be received directly due to the shadow of buildings, an attempt is being made to install 'Gap-Fillers' to improve the reception in those areas. The gap-fillers, however, may induce interference to service of adjacent band, when their output power is substantially higher compared to the received signal power of signal from a satellite of the adjacent service. In this paper, a link budget analysis is performed, and the optimal EIRP of a gap-filler to maximize the gap-filler coverage, while preventing adjacent band interference is derived.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.123-140
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were to assess main management components that can lead to successful university foodservice operations. Specifically, it was intended to develop the tool which assesses the service quality, management, to assess the difference between customer importance from and perceptions of service quality, to compare management perceptions of customer importances with actual service delivery, and to identify internal problems which affect service quality with the use of gap model. Three types of questionnaires were developed and implemented for customers, foodservice personals and foodservice manager. Assessment tools were developed based on the literature review, SERVQUAL, GAP model, and the pilot study. Through the validity and reliability test, the questionnaires were revised. Questionnaires were distributed to 900 university students, 207 foodservice personnels, and 54 foodservice manager respectively. 831 university students, 177 foodservice personnels, and 48 foodservice manager were responded with a response rate of 92.3%, 85.5%, and 88.8% respectively. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS programs for descriptive analysis, ANOVA. and SNK test. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. In quality service management components, 31 quality service attributes were categorized and named into primary quality, secondary quality, hygiene, empathy, tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, and price by the factor analysis. 2. Importance mean score of customers was 4.02 out of 5, but perception mean score of customers was 2.55. So there was a relative big gap(1.47) between importance and perception scores, especially in three dimensions of responsiveness, primary quality, and hygiene. 3. It showed that customers' mean scores of perceived service quality by dimensions were the following order : price > reliability > secondary quality > hygiene > tangibles > primary quality > responsiveness > empathy. And the perception mean score of rented(2.59) or contracted(2.58) management was significantly higher than that of self-operated(2.48). 4. Customers' importances mean score which internal customers recognize was 4.23 out of 5, but service delivery mean score was 3.85. So there was a little gap(0.39) between management perceptions of customer importances and actual service delivery. 5. In gap model, SERVQUAL score showed -1.47, Gap 1 positive 0.15, gap 2 negative 0.61, and gap 3 was positive 0.19. 6. The internal problems were as follows : (1) The managers of University foodservice perceived well enough the customers' expectation value but their management competency was lacked in terms of responding customer needs, (2) The foodservice staff perceived service performance more highly than service quality specifications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.382-390
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• 2002

Shi (2000) claims that topics must be related to a syntactic position in the comment, thus denying the existence of dangling topics in Chinese. Under Shi's analysis, the dangling topic sentences in Chinese are not topic-comment but subject-predicate sentences. However, Shi's arguments are not without problems. In this paper we argue that topics in Chinese can be licensed not only by a syntactic gap but also by a semantic gap/variable without syntactic realization. Under our analysis, all the dangling topics discussed in Shi (2000) are, in fact, not subjects but topics licensed by a semantic gap/variable that can turn the relevant comment into an open predicate, thus licensing dangling topics and deriving well-formed topic-comment constructions. Our analysis fares better than Shi's in not only unifying the licensing mechanism of a topic to an open predicate without considering how the open predicate is derived, but also unifying the treatment of normal and dangling topics in Chinese,