• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.307.2-307.2
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• 2016

In this study, we synthesized Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) thin films using a simple annealing process in the solid phase. The synthetic conditions were systematically controlled and optimized by varying the concentration of the Au salt solution and the annealing temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed their chemical state, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) verified the successful synthesis, size, and density of AuNPs. Au nanoparticles were generated from the thermal decomposition of the Au salt and stabilized during the cyclization of the PAN matrix. For actual device applications, previous synthetic techniques have required the synthesis of AuNPs in a liquid phase and an additional process to form the thin film layer, such as spin-coating, dip-coating, Langmuir-Blodgett, or high vacuum deposition. In contrast, our one-step synthesis could produce gold nanoparticles from the Au salt contained in a solid matrix with an easy heat treatment. The PAN:AuNPs composite was used as the charge trap layer of an organic nano-floating gate memory (ONFGM). The memory devices exhibited a high on/off ratio (over $10^6$), large hysteresis windows (76.7 V), and a stable endurance performance (>3000 cycles), indicating that our stabilized PAN:AuNPs composite film is a potential charge trap medium for next generation organic nano-floating gate memory transistors.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2006

The stabilizing behavior of heavy metals in the silicate glass containing Electric Arc Furnace dust (EAF dust) were studied by the Toxic Characterization Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test, and the change of crystalline phase and glass network structure were investigated as a function of EAF dust content added. The glass containing EAF dust of $30\;wt\%$ an oxygen/network former ratio(R) of $2\~3$ allowing a fairly stable network structure thus showed much lower heavy metal leaching concentration than that for containing EAF dust above $50\;wt\%$ at TCLP test. For the glass containing EAF dust $50\~60\;wt\%$, however, the R was over 3, which weakened the glass network structure and increased the heavy metals leachate. Adding the EAF dust to a glass decreased the degree of Si-O-Si symmetry and increased the number of non-bridging oxygen, which decreased the chemical durability of glasses. When the dust content in a glass was over $70\;wt\%$, the Zn and Fe ions reacted to form the spinel crystal rather than to bind to network structure of glass and leaching concentration of those ions from the specimen decreased, so the spinel phase could be attributed to lowering a heavy metal leaching.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2014

Glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics(GFRTP) is made by adding chemical additive to glass fabric which is strong at a high temperate, incorrodible, and good at intensity and specific gravity. Although we focused on the weight lightening, the intensity of GFRTP is also important. To remedy thermoplastic resin's inferior property of matter to thermo-hardening resin, we formed several specimen, differing the chemical additive as Homo PP, MAPP 3%, Rubber 5%, and mixed. We put pressure of 5 type on the specimens. The analyses result for the different pressure, the resin spreads evenly, then the coherence is increased. Eventually, the mechanical properties are changed. When high intensity is needed, it is good idea to use polypropylene(PP) which has good coherence with glass fabric as chemical additive. We can get better intensity when we form the resin at the optimum pressure depending on mixing of chemical additive and glass fabric than when we increase the pressure.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2003년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.230-248
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 제지공정에서의 wet-end 와 dry section 부분을 통합한 모델을 구하고 이를 바탕으로 하여 지종교체 공정의 모델예측제어 방법을 제안하였다. 폐회로 공정 인식기법을 이용하여 state-space 모델을 구한 후 지종교체 제어를 모사한 결과와 실제 제지공장의 지종교체 운전데이터를 비교 분석하였다. 입력 변수로서 이전까지는 간과되어 왔던 4가지 변수(thick stock, filler flow, speed, steam pressure), 그리고 출력변수로서 3가지 변수(basis weight, ash content, moisture content)를 고려하였으며, output trajectory는 1차 전달함수 형식으로 하여 적용하였다. 모델예측제어 모사결과를 지종교체 운전데이터와 비교하여 본 결과 지종교체 시간이 짧아지고 보다 안정적으로 정상상태에 이르는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 모델예측제어로 인하여 지종교체 이후 입력 변수들이 큰 진동이 없이 보다 신속하게 정상상태에 도달함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2001

For heuristic purposes, the relative ratio of urease contents inside and outside cells was surveyed using nine ureB+ strains of Helicobacter pylori. the ratio of the enzyme specific activity appeared to vary greatly between the various H. pylori strains, ranging from 0.5 to 2.5. Besides the above compartment, urease was also richly found in the membrane fraction, especially in either peripheral or integral form. The urease distribution across the H. pylori membrane was significantly influenced by the ambient pH; the specific activity of external urease was highest at pH 5.5 with a narrow plateau, whereas the internal specific activity was highest within a pH range of 4.5 to 6.5 with a broad plateau. These finding strongly suggest that H. pylori urease is secretory and responded to the external pH. However, at pH 4.0 or below, no urease activity was detected in either the internal or external compartment, although an increase in the color development with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS) was observed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) demonstrated that these phenomena may be related to a specific proteolysis in certain proteins, including urease or ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase. Interestingly, the effect of ammonium ions n alleviating the enzyme inactivation inside the H. pylori cells was remarkably similar to that of D-glucose. In addition, it would appear that the cation acted as a surrogate of not only $Na^+$ but also $K^+$ thereby increasing the H. pylori P-type ATPase activity. This is of great interest, as it implies that the urease action in H. pylori is indispensible at any locus.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2017

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) light harvesting structures are highly attracted because of their high light harvesting capacity and charge collection efficiencies. In this study, we have fabricated $Cu_2ZnSn(S_xSe_{1-x})_4$ based 3D thin film solar cells on PR patterned Molybdenum (Mo) substrates using photolithography technique. Specifically, Mo patterns were deposited on PR patterned Mo substrates by sputtering and the thin Cu-Zn-Sn stacked layer was deposited over this Mo patterns by sputtering technique. The stacked Zn-Sn-Cu precursor thin films were sulfo-selenized to form CZTSSe pattern. Finally, CZTSSe absorbers were coated with thin CdS layer using chemical bath deposition and ZnO window layer was deposited over CZTSSe/CdS using DC sputtering technique. Fabricated 3-D solar cells were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to study their structural, compositional and morphological properties, respectively. The 3% efficiency is achieved for this kind of solar cell. Further efforts will be carried out to improve the performance of solar cell through various optimizations.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권44호
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• pp.211-233
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• 2016

우리가 아는 옛 이야기, 옛날~옛적에로 시작되거나 아주 먼 옛날에 라는 서두로 시작하는 이야기는 어린 시절 부모님이나 할아버지 할머니로부터 들어온 익숙한 화법이다. 과거의 이야기는 인류와 함께 시작해서 설화, 전설, 신화라는 이름으로 끊임없이 재창조 되고 있기에 신화 속 원형에 대해 이해하고 무형의 이야기 속 이미지를 시각화하기 위한 애니메이션 스토리텔링 기법에 대한 연구로 재창조하는 과정을 통해 누구나 공감하고 즐길 수 있는 스토리의 재창조와 애니메이션 제작을 도모 할 수 있는 가능성을 살펴보았다. 이에 본 논문은 제주 서사무가 였던 원형신화가 애니메이션 '오늘이'로 만들어 지면서 본래의 이야기에서 작가의 의도와 주제의식에 맞게 원형에서 어떻게 가감되고 변형되어지는지를 애니메이션 스토리텔링 기법을 통해 비교 분석 하여 원형과 신화적 모티브의 활용이 애니메이션 창작에 도움이 되기를 기대하고, 더 나아가 국경과 나이를 초월하는 소재와 주제를 원형 속에서 찾아 관객과의 소통이 원할한 애니메이션이 계속 제작되어지길 바란다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.148-158
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• 1999

ATM LAn등으로부터 입력되는 ABR 트래픽이 RM설에 의해 제어되기 때문에 이들 트랙픽을 공중망 ATM 트랙픽에 대하여 적용되는 인터페이스 기능을 보편적인 연동 구조인 "Projected Node"[6] 접근 방식에 기반을 두고 연동 구조를 제안하고 있다. 이를 위해 도입된 AUPU(ABR Ine4rface Proxy UNit)는 ATM LAN 수위치로부터 ATM 공중망 스위치로 입력되는 ERICA 메커니즘에 의한 ABR 트래픽의 인터페이스 구조로 설계되었다. AIPU에서 사용되는 ABR 트래픽 제어 매커니즘은기존의 단거리 중심미의 LAN형태로부터 장거리 액세스가 가능한 수정된 메커니즘 특성을 지니고 있다. 다양한 RTT(Round Trip Time)에 따른 동적인 UCI(Update Count Interval)를 적용할수 이Tssm 동적 속도수정 간격제어 (DYnamic updte Count Interval : DUCI) 메커니즘이 AIPU에서 동작하는 구조가 본 논문에서 제안되었다. 그리고 본 논문은 DUCI 메커니즘의 성능 및 주요 특성이 기존의 ERICA 메커니즘의 문제검과 비교하여 시뮬레이션을 통하여 분석되었다.통하여 분석되었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2010

Standardized parenteral nutrition is required to improve patient's safety, clinical appropriateness and to increase uniformity between institution and institutions. We assessed the consistency with the American society for parenteral and enteral nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) practice guideline for PN by evaluating current practice process for parenteral nutrition formulation in inpatients pharmacies in Korea. Each question in this survey was based on 2007 A.S.P.E.N. recommendations of standard parenteral nutrition formulation, the American society of health-system pharmacists (ASHP), and the United State Pharmacopoeia (USP) Chapter 797 guideline for compounding parenteral nutritions. All 90 Korean society of hospital pharmacist (KSHP) member directors of pharmacy were requested to respond to the survey in order to compare the survey results to ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings (2002) in compliance with A.S.P.E.N. guideline. We had final response rate of 35.6%. 25 (100%) hospitals complied with this Garb guideline (response rate was 84.4%) which was the highest compliance. Only 17.9% of hospital pharmacies were actively involved in complications monitoring. Monitoring complications and efficacy were least in compliance with the A.S.P.E.N. guideline. 69.0% of Korean pharmacists adjusted medication dosage based on disease state or monitoring laboratory data in compliance with the A.S.P.E.N. guideline. Over 50% of the hospital pharmacies failed to provide and evaluate staff training in aseptic manipulation skills periodically. Korean hospital pharmacies need to comply with the standard practice guideline for compounding sterile preparation in order to provide better quality of parenteral nutrition service for specific patient population.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2012

Pollutants in aquaculture system effluent mostly originated from solid wastes including uneaten feed and excreta of cultured species. In this research, DAF(Dissolved Air Flotation) unit is suggested as an integrated solid control unit especially as a form of IIBG(Inline Injection Bubble Generation) process in aquaculture system. Solid removal performance of DAF unit was examined under various operation and salinity conditions with turbidity and suspended solid. Solid waste removal efficiencies were found to be affected by operation conditions including saturator pressure, recycle ratio, coagulant concentration. Solid removal efficiency was higher under higher saturator pressure and recycle ratio under which condition larger number of bubbles is generated. Coagulant is thought to have important role in creating bubble-particle aggregate by showing better removal efficiency with higher concentration. However higher saline water showed less effectiveness in removing solids by DAF(IIBG). Application of DAF(IIBG) process also showed additional effect in phosphate removal and DO(Dissolved Oxygen) supply. Phosphate existed in polluted water was removed up to 46% after treatment, which is thought to attribute to aluminium phosphate precipitation. And DO concentration was found to increase over 50% of initial saturation concentration after the injection of micro-bubbles. Through experiments on solid removal from aquaculture effluent, DAF(IIBG) process is estimated to be effective solid control method. This property can help aquaculture system being installed and operated simply and effectively.