• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.333-334
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• 2019

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.95-105
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• 2022

Amatoxin-induced mushroom poisoning starts with nonspecific symptoms of toxicity but hepatic damage may follow, resulting in the rapid development of liver insufficiency and, ultimately, coma and death. Accurate detection of amatoxins, such as α-, β-, and γ-amanitin, within the first few hours after presentation is necessary to improve the therapeutic outcomes of patients. Therefore, analytical methods for the identification and quantification of α-, β-, and γ-amanitin in biological samples are necessary for clinical and forensic toxicology. This study presents a literature review of the analytical techniques available for amatoxin detection in biological matrices, and established an inventory of liquid chromatography (LC) techniques with mass spectrometry (MS), ultraviolet (UV) detection, and electrochemical detection (ECD). LC-MS methods using quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and orbitrap MS are powerful analytical techniques for the identification and determination of amatoxins in plasma, urine, serum, and tissue samples, with high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility compared to LC with UV and ECD, enzyme-linked immunoassay, and capillary electrophoresis methods.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 2010

Using N-type HPGe gamma spectrometer, uranium analysis technique of soil sample is developed where the chemical preprocessing is not a necessity. The results of uranium activities using the method presented in this paper were compared with those results with conventional alpha spectrometer and two results were similar from within uncertainty range. Therefore, this new method will be applied in uranium activity analysis of soil sample.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.308-311
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• 2005

[ $^{222}Rn\;and\;^{226}Ra$ ] in groundwater were determined simultaneously using a gamma-spectroscopy. A nitrogen flushing equipment has been used for elimination and stabilization of high and unstable background activity due to the radon and its progenies in counting shield and room. The aim of present work was to control the background activity for simultaneous measurement of radium$(^{226}Ra)$ and radon$(^{222}Rn)$ in groundwater using a gamma-spectrometry. Background activity was about 1.0dps and the standard deviation was about 50%, The background activity could be minimized using nitrogen flushing equipment in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 and the RSD was about 5% at the experimental condition. The detection limit of $^{222}Rn\;and\;^{226}Ra$ in groundwater was 0.5dps/L in the background control method. In most groundwater used in the work, radon activity was more than the detection limit. However, radium activity in some groundwater was less than the detection limit. If the low level radium in groundwater must be measured, preconcentration process such as concentration should be performed before measuring the groundwater.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.743-750
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• 2000

For the ${\gamma}$-ray spectrometry analysis of radium and radon in environmental samples, plastic Marinelli beakers have been usually used. But, there are two problems; one is the increment of background by adsorption of airborne radon daughters on the plastic beaker, and other is the incompleteness of radioactive equilibrium by the loss of gaseous radon produced during the radioactive equilibrium process. In order to solve these problems, we made aluminium counting container, and investigated its characteristics. We investigated radioactive equilibrium process using the aluminium container. We found that both solid and liquid samples reached at radioactive equilibrium state in the aluminium container without loss of gaseous radon. By the use of the aluminium container, we established radon and radium analysis method of solid and liquid samples using gamma-ray spectrometry.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 1994

This study concerns about the measurement and the investigation of environmental radiation characteristics which the components and the distribution of exposure rates by terrestrial y-rays in Taegu area. $4^{'}{\phi}{\times}4^{'}$ NaI(T1) scintillation detector with a multichannel analyzer was used in the measurement of y-rays as a part of in-situ spectrometry at twenty eight different locations in this area. The conversion into the exposure rate from the measured ${\gamma}-ray$ spectrum has been carried out leading to a net exposure rate and component ones by $^{40}K,\;^{238}U$ series and $^{232}Th$ series products which are known by the major parts in the terrestrial ${\gamma}-rays$ generally. As a result, the average exposure rate by the terrestrial ${\gamma}-rays$ in Taegu area is $9.4{\mu}R/h$ and the distribution of individual exposure rates shows more or less differences between these locations even after the consideration of diurnal and yearly variations which are always involved in these measurements. The component parts of exposure rates are distributed $^{40}K\;2.9{\sim}4.6{\mu}R/h,\;^{238}U$ series $1.2{\sim}3,\;1{\mu}R/h,\;^{232}Th$ series $2.5{\sim}5.0{\mu}R/h$ over the measured locations.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.807-817
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• 2019

Airborne Gamma Ray Spectrometry (AGRS) with its important applications such as gathering radiation information of ground surface, geochemistry measuring of the abundance of Potassium, Thorium and Uranium in outer earth layer, environmental and nuclear site surveillance has a key role in the field of nuclear science and human life. The Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS), with its advanced numerical unconstrained nonlinear optimization in collaboration with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) provides a noteworthy opportunity for modern AGRS. In this study a new AGRS system empowered by ANN-BFGS has been proposed and evaluated on available empirical AGRS data. To that effect different architectures of adaptive ANN-BFGS were implemented for a sort of published experimental AGRS outputs. The selected approach among of various training methods, with its low iteration cost and nondiagonal scaling allocation is a new powerful algorithm for AGRS data due to its inherent stochastic properties. Experiments were performed by different architectures and trainings, the selected scheme achieved the smallest number of epochs, the minimum Mean Square Error (MSE) and the maximum performance in compare with different types of optimization strategies and algorithms. The proposed method is capable to be implemented on a cost effective and minimum electronic equipment to present its real-time process, which will let it to be used on board a light Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The advanced adaptation properties and models of neural network, the training of stochastic process and its implementation on DSP outstands an affordable, reliable and low cost AGRS design. The main outcome of the study shows this method increases the quality of curvature information of AGRS data while cost of the algorithm is reduced in each iteration so the proposed ANN-BFGS is a trustworthy appropriate model for Gamma-ray data reconstruction and analysis based on advanced novel artificial intelligence systems.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.3051-3058
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• 2022

In the present work, untreated Iraqi sand with grain sizes varied between 100 and 200 ㎛ was used to produce a colored glass sample that has shielding features against the low gamma-ray energy. Therefore, a weight of 70-60 wt % sand was mixed with 9-14 wt% B₂O₃, 8-10 wt% Na₂O, 4-6 wt% of CaO, 3-6 wt% Al₂O₃, in addition to 0.3% of Co₂O₃. After melting and annealing the glass sample, the X-ray diffraction spectrometry was applied to affirm the amorphous phase of the fabricated glass samples. Moreover, the X-ray dispersive energy spectrometry was used to measure the chemical composition, and the MH-300A densimeter was applied to measure the fabricated sample's density. The Makishima-Makinzie model was applied to predict the mechanical properties of the fabricated glass. Besides, the Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate the fabricated glass sample's radiation shielding capacity in the low-energy region between 22.1 and 160.6 keV. Therefore, the simulated linear attenuation coefficient changed between 10.725 and 0.484 cm^-1, raising the gamma-ray energy between 22.1 and 160.6 keV. Also, other shielding parameters such as a half-value layer, pure lead equivalent thickness, and buildup factors were calculated.

• 대한방사선방어학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.250-251
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.347-348
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• 2019