• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.129-132
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• 1969

The polygenic variation in flowering time of soybean irradiated with Co$^{60}$ gamma ray evaluated in the R$_2$ generation. The genetic variance in the irradiation treatment was about four times that of the control. The basic possibility of selection for the early and the late in flowering time of soybean after irradiated with Co$^{60}$ was suggested in this paper.

• 전기의세계
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.11-16
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• 1967

A physical analysis is applied to the measured phenomena of aromatic organic compounds under the uniform electric field of 0.1MV/cm through 1.5MV/cm, when they are irradiated or non-irradiated respectively. Upon the observations about irradiation effects, space charge effects and their temperature dependance, the conditions of lattice defects act conspicuously on electric conductrivity, photo conductivity and dielectric breakdown. Although the qualitative agreement with Frohlich's high energy criterion theory for the above mechanisms is poor, it is concluded that the phenomena of aromatic compounds may possibly be due to the effect of lattice defects or impurity centers generated by .gamma.-ray irradiations.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.252-259
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• 1998

Electron beam, electrically produced from an electron accelerator, was compared with gamma energy in terms of its influence on color and organoleptic qualities of ginseng powders when exposed to the energy used for their microbial decontamination. Hunter color L and b values were suitable for measuring color characteristics of ginseng powders, which were not significantly changed by the exposure to 5 to 7.5 kGy electron beam and gamma energy. Fifty percent ethanol extracts of irradiated ginseng powders at 10 key showed negligible differences from the non-irradiated control in the pattern of absorption spectra at 280∼800 am, but showed increased values in overall color difference (AE) as compared with powdered samples. Irradiation more than 10 kGy and storage at ambient temperature for 4 months caused browning of powdered samples. Irradiation at more than 10 kGy of electron beam was found a critical level to bring about appreciable changes (p<0.05) in or-ganoleptic qualities such as color and odor of sterilized samples, and red ginseng powder was more susceptible than white one to organoleptic changes by irradiation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.385-390
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• 1999

Ovarian follicles are faced with one of two fates, atresia or development. Up to 99% of follicles become degenerated rather than ovulated in female life span. Thus, atresia occurs at all stages of follicle development in mammalian ovaries. In the present experiment, the effect of ${\gamma}$-radiation on primordial follicles was morphologically analyzed in a mouse ovary. Thirty-seven percent of the primordial follicles in the non-irradiated control mice ovaries were abnormal. At day 8 post irradiation, most of primordial follicles became atretic. They lost their integrity of architecture in the follicular shape. Then, all the oocytes disappeared from the follicles. And only 3 to 4 granulosa cells lay down onto the basement membrane. Disappearance of granulosa cells or oocytes resulted from the radiation-induced apoptotic process. It is definitely clear that ${\gamma}$-radiation induces rapid apoptotic degeneration of the primordial follicles. The morphological degeneration induced by radiation in the primordial follicles can be used as an experimental model to draw out a deeper insight for radioprotectant researches.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2000

In the present study, to determine whether the ascorbate protect against radiation damage and the possible relationship among the radioprotective effects and antioxidant actions, the effects of ascorbate(240 mg/kg, i.p) pretreatment of mice on the survival ratio, splenic weight, major antioxidant enzymes(SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) activities, glutathione contents and lipid peroxidation in the liver were examined for 2 weeks after whole-body ${\gamma}-irradiation$(6.5 Gy). The 30-day survival ratio Increased from 10% to 47% for mice treated with ascorbate. The ascorbate decreased the extent of loss in splenic weight and stimulated recovery of splenic weight in irradiated mice(p<0.01). On the day of 14 after ${\gamma-irradiation}$, the ascorbate pretreatment produced a slight increase of antioxidant enzymes activities and significantly increased reduced glutathione(GSH) contents(P<0.05) in the liver compared with non-treated group. Pretreatment with the ascorbate significantly decreased GSSG/total GSH ratio(p<0.05) without the change of GSSG in the liver and inhibited the radiation-induced increase in the hepatic malondialdehyde levels(p<0.05). In these results, we found that its radioprotective effect by protecting antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione contents from radiation induced a decrease, and thereby suppressing lipid peroxidation which is induced by free radicals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.12a
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• pp.87-90
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• 2006

Two SiC radiation detector samples were irradiated by Co-60 gamma rays. The irradiation was performed with dose rates of 5 kGy/hour and 15 kGy/hour for 8 hours, respectively. Metal/semiconductor contacts on the surface were fabricated by using a thermal evaporator in a high vacuum condition. The SiC detectors have metal contacts of Au(2000 ${\AA}$)/Ni(300 ${\AA}$) at Si-face and of Au(2000 ${\AA}$)/Ti(300 ${\AA}$) at C-face. I-V characteristics of the SiC semiconductor were measured by using the Keithley 4200-SCS parameter analyzer with voltage sources included. From the I-V curve, we analyzed the Schottky barrier heights(SBHs) on the basis of the thermionic emission theory. As a result, the 6H-SiC semiconductor showed- similar Schottky barrier heights independent to the dose rates of the irradiation with Co-60 gamma rays.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 1988

The gaseous carbon dioxide has been irradiated with Co-60 gamma-radiation in the presence and absence of various alcohols, and the radiolysis products analyzed by gas chromatography. Experimental results indicate that no detectable amount of carbon monoxide is formed when pure carbon dioxide is irradiated. By adding small quantities of alcohols to carbon dioxide, however, considerable amount of carbon monoxide, ketones, alcohols and other organic products have been detected. By adding 0.1% of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-methyl-l-propanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol, G(CO) values obtained are 4.4, 4.5, 5.2, 4.4, 5.2, 5.0, 4.7 and 4.1, respectively. These high yields of carbon monoxide suggest that the oxidation reactions of carbon monoxide may be suppressed by scavenging oxygen atom with the alcohols. The main radiolytic decomposition reactions of the alcohols present in small quantity in carbon dioxide may be supposed to be the reactions with the oxygen atom produced by the radiolysis of carbon dioxide. The decomposition reactions seems to follow pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to the alcohols. The decomposition rate measured with 2-propanol is the fastest and that with 2-methyl-2-propanol the slowest. The mechanisms of the radiolytic decomposition reactions of the alcohols present in carbon dioxide are discussed on the basis of the experimental results of the present study.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.353-357
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• 2010

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be used in the areas such as integrate circuit, cell electrode and antimicrobial deodorant. In this study, AgNPs have been prepared by using $AgNO_3$ aqueous solution in the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogel. CMC powders were dissolved in deionized water, and then irradiated by a gamma-ray with a radiation dose of 50 kGy to make CMC hydrogel. CMC hydrogels were dipped into $1.0{\times}10^{-2}M$ $AgNO_3$ solution for 1 hour. After that, the swollen hydrogels were irradiated by gamma-ray for the formation of AgNPs. The characteristics of silver nanoparticles in the CMC hydrogels were monitored by UV-Vis and the morphological study and dispersed coefficient of particles were investigated by FE-SEM/EDX. It was observed that the sodium salt in the CMC is crucial to the formation of silver nanoparticle. Finally, antibacterial tests indiacted that the hydrogel containing silver nanoparticle has antibacterial activity.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.583-589
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• 2002

The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 is a cytoplasmic-transcription factor that is phosphorylated by Janus kinases (Jak) in response to interferon $\gamma$ (IFN-$\gamma$). The phosphorylated STAT1 translocates to the nucleus, where it turns on specific sets of IFN-$\gamma$-inducible genes, such as the interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1. We show here that gamma irradiation reduces the IFN-$\gamma$ mRNA expression. The inhibition of the STAT1 phosphorylation and the IRF-1 expression by gamma irradiation was also observed. In contrast, the mRNA levels of IL-5 and transcription factor GATA-3 were slightly induced by gamma irradiation when compared to the non-irradiated sample. Furthermore, we detected the inhibition of cell-mediated immunity by gamma irradiation in the allogenic-mixed lymphocytes' reaction (MLR). These results postulate that gamma irradiation induces the polarized-Th2 response and interferes with STAT1 signals, thereby causing the immunosuppression of the Th1 response.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.683-687
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• 1998

We have examined in vitro and in vivo radioprotective effects of a well-known thiol-containing compound, dithiothreitol (DTT). The treatment of both 0.5 and 1mM of DTT significantly increased clonogenic survival of ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated Chinese hamster (V79-4) cells. In order to investigate the possible radioprotective mechanism of DTT, we measured gamma-ray induced chromosome aberration by micronucleus assay. In the presence of 0.5mM or 1mM DTT, the frequencies of micronuclei were greatly reduced in all dose range examined (1.5-8 GY). Slightly higher reduction in micronucleus formation was observed in 1mM DTT-treated cells than in 0.5mM DTT-treated cells. In addition, incubation with both 0.5 and 1mM of DTT prior to gamma-ray irradiation reduced nucleosomal DNA fragmentation at about same extent, this result suggests that treatment of DTT at concentrations of 0.5 and 1mM reduced radiation-induced apoptosis. In vivo experiments, we also observed that DTT treatment reduced the incidence of apoptotic cells in mouse small intestine crypts. In irradiated control group 4.4${\pm}$0.5 apoptotic cells per crypt were observed. In DTT-administered and irradiated mice, only 2.1${\pm}$0.4 apoptotic cells per crypt was observed. In vitro and in vivo data obtained in this study showed that DTT reduced radiation-induced damages and it seems that the possible radioprotective mechanisms of action of DTT are prevention of chromosome aberration.