• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.517-526
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 효소 가수분해 및 유산균 혼합발효기술을 이용하여 GABA 함량이 강화된 발효 다시마 추출물을 생산함에 있다. TLC 분석방법을 통해 GABA 생성능력이 우수한 균주 L. plantarum KCTC 21004, L. acidophilus KCTC 3164, L. sakei subsp. sakei KCTC 3598를 선정하였다. 선정된 균주를 이용한 유산균 발효의 특성은 배양 시간이 증가 할수록 적정 산도는 증가하였고 pH는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. GABA 생성능력이 우수한 3종의 균주 중 L. plantarum KCTC 21004이 GABA 함량이 136.4 mg/100g으로 우수하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 유산균을 이용한 GABA 생산과정에 있어서 기초적인 자료로 제공될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1138-1148
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• 2017

본 연구는 여주 분말 첨가 간장의 기능성 화합물인 phenolic acid(p-hydrobenzoic acid)와 이소플라본(daidzein 및 genistein) 함량 및 항산화 효과를 측정하였다. 여주 분말 10% 첨가 간장의 pH 변화는 5.83(0% BMP), 5.47(5% BMP) 및 5.32(10% BMP)에서 5.28, 5.36 및 5.16으로 감소하였고, 총산은 반대로 0.06%, 0.07% 및 0.09%에서 0.30%, 0.28% 및 0.36%로 증가하였다. 한편 염도는 감소하였고, Bacillus와 효모의 생균수는 증가하였다. 여주 분말 첨가 간장은 모두 공통적으로 90일째 isoflavone 배당체 형태가 감소하는 반면, total phenolics 및 isoflavone 비배당체 함량과 phenolic acid 함량, 항산화 활성 및 탄수화물 분해효소 저해활성은 증가하였다. 특히 10% 여주 분말 첨가 간장의 경우 glutamic acid(GA, 9,876.09 mg/100 mL)와 ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid(GABA, 325.02 mg/100 mL) 함량이 다른 간장들에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 10% 여주 분말 첨가 간장은 90일째 항산화 활성(DPPH, ABTS, ${\cdot}OH$ 라디칼 소거활성 및 FRAP 환원력)과 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해율은 각각 96.07%, 97.27%, 59.47%, 1.98, 및 79.96%로 아주 우수한 활성을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1987

건조 토마토의 향미성분과 관련있는 성분조성을 알고자 무기질, 당, 유리형 아미노산, 핵산 및 지질등의 불휘발성 성분을 분석 정량하였다. 회분의 주요성분은 칼륨, 칼슘 및 인이며, 카드뮴과 남은 극소량함유 되였고, 당류에서는 glucose와 fructose가 주성분이었으며, fructose가 g1ucose보다 약간 함량이 높았다. 총 유리 아미노산의 함량은 8322.5mg%이였고, 주요 아미노산은 asparagine, aspartic acid, urea, glutamic acid, ${\beta}-alanine$ 및 ${\gamma}-aminobutyric\;acid$로서, 총 유리 아미노산의 58.01%를 차지하였다. 핵산과 관계되는 물질은 CMP, UMP, GMP 및 IMP였으며, 이중 CMP가 전채의 약 58.07%로서 가장 함량이 높았고, IMP가 가장 낮은 함량을 보였다. 총지질로 부터 얻어진 검화물 중의 지방산의 주성분은 $C_{18:2}$, $C_{18:1}$, $C_{16:0}$이었으며, 불검화물중의 주요성분은 stigmasterol 및 ${\beta}-sitosterol$이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2019

탈지유에 홍국발효 콩 분말을 1:1의 비율로 첨가한 기능성 요구르트(SMP+MFSP)를 제조하여 대조군의 탈지유 요구르트(SMP)와 미량의 생리활성 물질 및 항산화 활성을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 젖산발효 24시간 이후의 기능성 요구르트의 평균 pH는 3.96, 적정산도 1.03%, 생균수 9.68 log CFU/g으로 나타나 일반적인 호상 요구르트의 품질기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 대조군에 함유되지 않은 비배당체형의 이소플라본인 daidzein과 genistein의 총량은 젖산발효 48시간에 $201.21{\pm}6.29{\mu}g/g$으로 측정되었으며, GABA의 농도는 대조군에 비해 11.8배 높은 $107.22{\pm}3.06{\mu}g/g$으로 비교되었다. 대조군에 비해 기능성 요구르트의 유비퀴논의 총 농도는 평균 32.3배 높게 측정되었으나 젖산발효 시간에 따른 유의적인 농도변화는 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). DPPH와 ABTS의 라디컬 소거활성으로 측정된 항산화 활성은 기능성 요구르트의 trolox 당량 값(${\mu}g$ TE/g)이 대조군에 비해 평균 7.9배 높게 비교되었으며, 시료에 함유된 유리 이소플라본의 농도와 밀접한 양의 상관성을 보여 주었다. 따라서 본 연구의 기능성 요구르트는 고부가가치의 probiotics 건강식품으로서의 활용가치가 높을 것으로 평가되었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.196-203
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• 1992

Intramolecular excimer formation of 1, 3-di(1-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py) and fluorescence polarization of 1, 6-diphenyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene (DPH) were used to investigate the effects of barbiturates on the fluidity of model membranes of phosphatidycholine (SPMVPC), phosphatidylserine (SPMVPS), and phosphatidylinositol (SPMVPI) fractions of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMV) isolated from bovine cerebral cortex. In a dose-dependent manner, barbiturates decreased the excimer to monomer fluorescence intensity ratio (I'/I) of Py-3-Py and increased the anisotropy(r), rotational relaxation time (P), limiting anisotropy $(r_infty)$, and order parameter (S) of DPH in SPMVPC, SPMVPS and SPMVPI. This indicates that barbiturates decreased both the lateral and rotational diffusion of the probes in SPMVPC, SPMVPS and SPMVPI. The relative potencies of barbiturates in ordering the membranes were in the order: pentobarbital > hexobarbital > amobarbital > phenobarbital. This order correlates well with the anesthetic potencies of barbiturates and the potencies for enhancement of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid-stimulated chloride uptake. Thus, it is strongly suggested that a close relationship might exist between the membrane ordering effects of barbiturates and the chloride fluxes across SPMV.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of air-phase germination with water-spraying and anion stimuli on germination ratio, sprout growth and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) of brown rice. Air-phase germination method with intermittent spraying water improved germination ratio and sprout growth by about 100% compared with the conventional water-soaking method. Anion radiation was applied during the germination process and improved the germination ratio, sprout growth and color quality of the germinated brown rice. Germination ratio and sprout growth were improved up to 9% with anion radiation, and its brightness was higher than brown rice germinated with no anion radiation. The air-phase germination with water-spraying improved the GABA content of germinated brown rice by about 8-9 times compared with that of brown rice.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.163-174
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• 1993

Vertebrate retinal neurons, like brain tracts farm complex synaptic relations in the enter and inner plexiform layers which ape equivalent to the central nervous system nuclei. The effects of $\gamma-aminobutyric$ acid(GABA) and glycine on retinal neurons were explored to discern the mechanisms of action of neurotransmitters. Experiments were performed in the superfused retina-eyecup preparation of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, using intracellular electrophysiological techniques. The roles of GABA and glycine as inhibitory neurotransmitters are well established in the vertebrate retina. But, we found that the depolarizing action of GABA and glycine on third-order neurons in the catfish retina. GABA and glycine appeared to act on retinal ueurons based on the observations that (1) effects on photoreceptors were not observed, (2) horizontal cells were either hyperpolarized $({\sim}33%)$ or depolarized $({\sim}67%)$, (3) bipolar cells were all hyperpolarized (4) amacrine and ganglion cells were either hyperpolarized $({\sim}37%)$ or depolarized $({\sim}63%)$, (5) GABA and glycine may be working to suppress presynaptic inhibition. The results suggest that depolarization of third-order neurons by GABA and glycine is due to at least two mechanisms; a direct postsynaptic effect and an indirect effect. Therefore, in the catfish retina, a mechanism of presynaptic inhibition or disinhibition including the direct postsynaptic effect may exist in the third-order neurons.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2001

Insect pests can be controlled through direct application of insecticides. Insect control by residual protectants is relatively inexpensive and has an advantage of destroying all stages of infestations. The efficacy of control is largely determined by the concentration of insecticides to which the pest species is exposed. A reduction in the period of control in the field afforded by a specific level of a protectant indicates that resistance has developed. An increase in the level of protectant is required to maintain control, and the efficacy of currently used insecticides has been severely reduced by insecticide resistance in pest species. Development of resistance to particular insecticide varies with species because insecticide resistance is often correlated with increased levels of certain enzymes, which are cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases, glutathione S-transferases and esterases. Some sections of insecticide molecules can be modified by one or more of these primary enzymes. A reduction in the sensitivity of the action site of a xenobiotic also constitutes a mechanism of resistance. Acetylcholinesterase is a major target site for insecticide action, as are axonal sodium ion channels and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid receptors. Development of reduced sensitivity of these target sites to insecticides usually occurs. This review not only may contribute to a better understanding of insecticide resistance, but also illustrates the gaps still present for a full biochemical understanding of the resistance.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.696-703
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• 2015

A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing microorganism was isolated from jeot-gal (anchovy), a Korean fermented seafood. The isolate, A156, produced GABA profusely when incubated in MRS broth with monosodium glutamate (3% (w/v)) at 37℃ for 48 h. A156 was identified as Lactobacillus sakei by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The GABA conversion yield was 86% as determined by GABase enzyme assay. The gadB gene encoding glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was cloned by PCR. gadC encoding a glutamate/GABA antiporter was located immediately upstream of gadB. The operon structure of gadCB was confirmed by RT-PCR. gadB was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and recombinant GAD was purified. The purified GAD was 54.4 kDa in size by SDS-PAGE. Maximum GAD activity was observed at pH 5.0 and 55℃ and the activity was dependent on pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. The K_m and V_max of GAD were 0.045 mM and 0.011 mM/min, respectively, when glutamate was used as the substrate.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.351-357
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• 2015

The aims of this study were to develop $macaron{\grave{e}}$ with Korean red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and GABA (${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid) rice powder and analyze their physico-chemical and physiological characteristics. Korean red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was added to $macaron{\grave{e}}$ at a weight percentage of 0, 2.5 and 4.5%. Color values (L-value, redness, and yellowness), total sugar content, total phenolics, total carotenoids, ABTS radical scavenging activity, textures, and sensory characteristics with varying various Korean red pepper were measured. As the ratio of the powders in the $macaron{\grave{e}}s$ increased, total phenolic content, total carotenoid content, and radical scavenging activity increased. There were significant differences in total phenolic and total carotenoid content of $macaron{\grave{e}}s$ (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in color, sweetness, texture, and overall acceptability depending on the addition of Korean red pepper. KR30 $macaron{\grave{e}}$, showed higher overall acceptability, as compared to other $macaron{\grave{e}}$.