• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.413-415
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• 2021

Piano is one of the most beloved instruments in the world and is used a lot for children to learn music because it is simple to play. As a result, various products for children, such as toy pianos, were released. However, there is a lack of piano skills for music education, such as how to play the piano or read the score. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a game-style educational piano using Arduino. It is expected to capture fun and education at a low price by scoring points by displaying the score on the LCD screen and pressing the keyboard according to the timing of playing the note.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.120-128
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• 2022

While online social interactions have been more prevalent with the increased popularity of Metaverse platforms, little has been studied the effects of facial expressions in virtual reality (VR), which is known to play a key role in social contexts. To understand the importance of presenting facial expressions of a virtual avatar under different contexts, we conducted a user study with 24 participants where they were asked to have a conversation and play a charades game with an avatar with and without facial expressions. The results show that participants tend to gaze at the face region for the majority of the time when having a conversation or trying to guess emotion-related keywords when playing charades regardless of the presence of facial expressions. Yet, we confirmed that participants prefer to see facial expressions in virtual reality as well as in real-world scenarios as it helps them to better understand the contexts and to have more immersive and focused experiences.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.64-76
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• 2024

We study three sports media start-ups that seek to promote business model innovation (BMI) in which Web 3.0 and metaverse are converged. In results, LM starts from an innovative digital space platform offering a unique combination of virtual real estate, games, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) which come with real-world earning potential. It creates value by integrating virtual real estate, training academies, blockchain games, and meta shops to offer a unique experience, capture value by offering monetization tools for buying and trading limited edition NFTs of favorite influencers from various sports leagues, offering access to premier real-world events and VIP game contests, and delivers value by building community to play games with favorite athletes or teams including trivia games, allowing fans to engage with their favorite athletes in a unique exclusive way. SL starts from the customizable digital identities especially for young sports fans like generation (gen) Z to play, hang out, and express themselves with their own avatars. SI starts from a leading Web3.0 metaverse innovator creating NFTs with the greatest athletes of all time, allowing athletes and creators to set up a profile and mint NFTs directly onto the blockchain. It tries to have the partnerships with great athletes revolutionizing the sports media industry to connect sports heroes and their super fans through an immersive, artistic, inspirational NFTs and unlockable content creating a sticky community between them.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2007

Even though there were no clear definitions of the short game and short game distance, short game capability is crucial for a good golf score. Generally, chip shot and pitch shot are regarded as two principal components of the short game. Chip shot is a short, low trajectory shot played to the green or from trouble back into play. Pitch shot is a high trajectory shot of short length. Biomechanical studies were conducted usually to analyze full swing and putting motions. The purpose of the study was to reveal the kinematical differences between professional golfers' 30 yard $53^{\circ}wedge$ chip shot and $56^{\circ}wedge$ pitch shot motions. Fifteen male professional golfers were recruited for the study. Kinematical data were collected by the 60 Hz three-dimensional motion analysis system. Statistical comparisons were made by paired t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan of the SPSS 12.0K with the $\alpha$ value of .05. Results show that both the left hand and the ball were placed left of the center of the left and right foot at address. The left hand position of the chip shot was significantly left side of that of the pitch shot. But the ball position of the pitch shot was significantly right side of that of the chip shot. All body segments aligned to the left of the target line, open, at address. Except shoulder, there were no significant pelvis, knee, and feet alignment differences between chip shot and pitch shot. These differences at address seem for the ball height control. Pitch shot swing motions(the shoulder and pelvis rotation and the club head travel distance) were significantly bigger than those of the chip shot. Club head velocity of the pitch shot was significantly faster than that of the chip shot at the moment of impact. This was for the same shot length control with different lofted clubs. Swing motion differences seem mainly caused by the same shot length control with different ball height control.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.15-39
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• 2007

Mobile games have emerged as the most innovative entertainment technology, adding new revenue streams, taking advantage of the potential of wireless applications and service offerings. Mobile games, like any other types of computer game, offer a unique value for users in providing an exciting digital experience in virtual worlds. In this paper, we attempt to investigate the demographic factors which play critical roles in determining the level of playing times; classify mobile gamers based on their motives for playing games; and empirically test differences in their demographic factors and mobile game usage. Statistical results show that significant differences in playing times exist, depending upon their age, gender, mobile device, mobile phone usage, mobile game experiences, and preferred games genres. Applying Factor analysis, we have identified Escape, Social interaction, Challenge and Competition, Fantasy, Diversion and Relaxation, Ease of Accessibility as key motivators for playing mobile games. Additional cluster analysis shows that the categorization of gamers, according to their usage habits and the key motivators for playing, can be made as follows: Multi-gamers, Communication-focused gamers and Mobile active-gamers. Further correlation of these grouping with socio-economic data shows the significant differences in gaming habits and patterns of mobile phone use.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.69-81
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• 2018

Recently, user participatory workshops have been applied as a way to plan landscape spaces that reflects the needs and demands of the users. It is also required to improve the quality of the FECC (Forest Experience Center for Children), which is growing rapidly. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to deduct the design elements (forest play activities and space), the basic needs, and the demands of users in making the FECC a preschooler participatory workshop. For this, materials for preschooler participation were selected, and a step-by-step workshop was conducted to satisfy the demands of the preschooler's development. First, in the pre-workshops phase, design elements standards were deducted through the preschooler participatory results (41 children aged 6 and 7, Kindergarten). Second, in the main workshop phase, the design elements to be introduced on the site (Songsan-mulbit FECC) were deducted through the participating preschooler's selection and those results were analyzed. The materials used at the preschooler participatory process were 'drawing a picture' in the pre-workshop phase, and the design elements and the standard types charts were the forest play activity pictogram chart, and the forest play space general images chart in the main workshop. As for results, frst, there are 38 standard types of forest play activities that have been deducted. It consists of 27 cognitive activities (functional 16, constructive 4, symbolic 4, game on rule 3), 9 games (sensory 5, other 4), and two social play activities (solo, group). There are 21 standard types of forest play spaces. They consist of 8 play facility spaces (5 facility, 3 natural), 2 water spaces, and 11 spaces of 5 types. Second, as a result of applying the results to the site, the forest play activities to be introduced on the site were selected, and the functional play was most selected. Additionally, climbing and water play were most selected as the unit activities. Also, functional, constructive, symbolic, games based on rules were selected, even in the preschooler's development play. In the case of the forest play spaces to be introduced in the site, the preschooler's selection results by sex and age tended to be similar to the preschooler's comprehensive selection results, but the boys preferred function and adventure spaces more than the girls, while the girls preferred rest spaces more than the boys. This result is similar to the previous study results, which directly observed the preschooler's forest play behavior, and analysis that the preschooler recognized the site and selected the design elements introduced on the site. Therefore, the participatory workshop process and the materials process in this study are analyzed and applied to the purpose of the study. It is valuable as a case to be applied in design of the FECC from this point forward.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.387-394
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to provide information regarding the strategies by identifying the main variables that determines the winning team based on the records of all games of the 2017 IIHF World Championship Top league. 64 matches were analyzed for the study. 6 variables were analyzed which included ratio of saves, shots on goal, penalties in minutes, time for power play, power play goals, and face off wins. Logistic regression analysis (LRA), multiple regression analysis (MRA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were implemented to examine the relationship between win and loss. In case of LRA, shots on goal (p<.001), face-off wins (p<.001) had significantly positive relation to winning of game whereas, penalties in minutes (p<.01) and time on power play (p<.01) had significantly negative. Using MRA, win percentage was calculated which had significant positive correlation to ratio of saves (p<.01) and face-off wins (p<.001) whereas, a significant negative with penalties in minutes (p<.001). For PCA, the winning team consisted of penalty, attack, and defense factors whereas, losing teams consisted only the attack and defense factors.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.147-153
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• 2013

Functional game, which is the combination of play and learning and a futuristic tool, can minimize the dysfunction and maximize the proper functions, and furthermore, has taken root as a new alternative that can change the game industry and game culture. Recently, the focus of game and education markets is shifting to the development of more advanced learning contents, rather than emphasizing the self-control and motivation of users. Along with that, the game market has excluded the socially dysfunctional elements, such as the addiction and learning disabilities, and has witnessed a diversification into the human-friendly entertainment business that emphasizes the mental and physical health and pursues scientific educational effects. In addition, functional games are expanding its reach from the professional sectors - such as medical aide/medical learning, military simulation, health, auxiliary tools, special education and learning tools - to the realm of routine education, mental health, etc., and has seen a steady growth. However, most functional games, which are being currently planned and developed to cope with the special characteristics of the market, have not undergone accurate scientific assessment of their functions and have not proven their effectiveness. An overwhelming proportion of the functional games are being developed based on the intuition and experience of game developers. Moreover, the type of games, which involve the repetition of simple tasks or take the form of simple puzzles, cannot effectively combine the practically interesting factors and the learning effects. Most games incorporate unscientific methods leading to the vague anticipation of improvement in functions, rather than the assessment of human functions. In this paper, a study was conducted to present the measures that could maximize the effects of functional games in relation to the changes in the visual and auditory stimulations in order to maximize the effects of functional games, i,e., the immersion and concentration. To compare the degree of effects arising from the visual stimulation, the functional game contents made in the form of 2D and 3D were utilized. In addition. ultra sound and 3-dimensional functional game contents were utilized to compare the degree of effects resulting from the changes in the auditory stimulation. The brainwave of the users were measured while conducting the experiments related to the response to the changes in visual and auditory stimulations in 3 steps, and the results of the analysis were compared.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.461-472
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status and condition of children's playgrounds in K which parents recognize as in Gyeonggi-do and provide basic data for the qualitative environment for daily outdoor play of young Children. To do so, a survey of 269 parents living in Gyeonggi-do was conducted and reconstructed based on the advanced research related to outdoor play. Also it was evaluated and revised after consultation with 3 children education specialists. The repossessed questionaries were frequency-analyzed with SPSS 20.0 program. The result of the analysis on outdoor playgrounds is in the following. First of all, it was analyzed that parents required 1 or 2 hours for their children to play outdoors in a type of "forest playgrounds." Moreover, they said that it was really important for the children to feel "interesting and funny" during the outdoor play, and they recognized that the play would be helpful for the children's socialization. However, they felt that a risk factor of the outdoor play was "a vehicle risk in streets." Secondly, the study suggested that there were outdoor playgrounds around parents' houses, and a type of the outdoor play was "a playground installed in the apartment complex." Furthermore, most of the parents weren't satisfied with the outdoor play because the apartment neglected the management of the playgrounds, and there were no playing facilities that were good enough to derive children's curiosity and adventurous spirit. The result also showed that most of the children played outdoors with "their mothers," and they participated in indoor activities, especially playing a game or watching TV rather than outdoor activities after attending a children educational institute. Lastly, when it comes to areas of outdoor play to be improved, it was necessary to "expand playgrounds that children can use for each season," build "safe playgrounds" for a type of the outdoor play," provide "playing spaces" for a spatial type, and "control vehicles around the playgrounds and deal with dangerous things" to prevent safety accidents. The result can expand the understanding of outdoor play for Young Children and offer discussions about the relevant organizations and studies.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2009

In this study, by both qualitative and quantitative measurement on the purpose of deriving the sensitive amusement factor. I consider the fear of horror games as "the amused fear" and analyze it, which is based on the play theory by Roger Caillois. On the basis of this, I classified the amusement fear in horror games into the 4 factors. I conducted some positive tests through the player's response in order to verify them. The test is conducted measuring the heart rate of each experimenter by cardiometer while they are playing horror games. By analyzing the video data, I gave a name to the point that the amusement fear factors are expected to influence psychologically and physiologically as the fear point. At this point, I examined if the measured heart rate makes the outstanding difference or not, when compared average heart rate with experimenter's heart rate. In addition, I also examined if there is a statistical correlation of heart rate by attaching player's subjective data through the questionnaire. Consequently, it was statistically turned out that the experimenter's heart rate which is measured rose dramatically than usual, and that there are close correlations among subjective data. I also found out that the amusement fear factor at the relevant point plays a major role in experimenter's psychological and physiological response. In this study, I could prove the horror factor as a meaning of amusement factor using both theoretical method and positive method establishing a standard set that is helpful for further production and planning of the game.