• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.896-904
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 10msec 프레임의 가변전송률 G.729 음성부호화기를 설계하여 VoIP에서의 대역 효율을 개선하고, 부전송률 부호화기 도입을 통한 인터넷 프로토콜에서 발생하는 패킷 손실구간의 음성 품질을 개선할 수 있는 방안을 도출하였다. 가변 전송률 음성부호화기 설계는 음성 통화중 발생하는 약 60% 정도의 묵음 구간을 활용하는 기법으로서 활성 음성구간은 8kbps로 전송하고,비 활성 음성구간은 1kbps로 전송함에 의하여 고정 전송률 방식의 음성 부호화기에 비하여 평균 패킷 전송량을 약 50% 감소시켜 대역 효율을 개선할 수 있다. 제안 방법의 성능은 동일 프레임 크기를 갖는 ITU-T G.729B방식과 감지 활성도의 변화분과 음성품질 손상 구간의 비율을 기준으로 비교 평가하였다. 그리고 인터넷 환경에서의 패킷 손실에 의한 음성 품질 저하 방지는 4kbps 부전송률 음성부호화기 도입과 오류 발생 전후의 패킷에 의한 오류은닉 방법을 활용하였으며, 성능은 재생 음성품질로서 평가하였다. 본 논문에서 설계한 가변 전송률 부호화 방식은 고정 전송률 방식에 대비하여 평균 음성 패킷의 전송량을 1/2로 감소시켜 대역효율 개선이 가능하며, 감소된 전송률을 손실 패킷구간에 활용하는 경우 8kbps 고정 전송률 방식과 동일 대역이용에서 3dB의 음성품질 개선이 가능하여 VoIP 성능 개선이 가능하리라 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1145-1152
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• 2019

Objective: Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is a cultivated shrub grown widely in the sub-tropical and tropical areas. It has been shown that mulberry leaf contains high levels of protein while having polyphenols as phytonutrients. Therefore, it is important to conduct an experiment to assess potential toxic level from mulberry on behavior, blood hematological and coagulation parameter using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Both male and female SD rats were given an intragastric administration of respective treatments of mulberry leaf intakes (control, low and high levels). Parameters of feed intake, hematological and coagulation of blood parameters, as well as liveweight changes were taken during the 7 d of adaptation, 28 d of treatment exposure, and 14 d of recovery periods, respectively. All treatment data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance of SPSS17.0 for Windows Statistical Software following the Randomized complete block design with sex as a block. Results: Most of the parameters of the physical symptoms of the SD rats, were not significantly different (p>0.05) when compared with that of the control group. Those which remain unchanged in each dose group were, body weight (BW) gain, feed intake, the hematology and coagulation indexes. Although, there were a few individual indicators that were abnormal, but the overall physiological appearance of the rats were normal. Conclusion: Results under this experiment revealed that most hematological and coagulation parameters of the SD rats in both male and female were normal, although the weight gain of female rats in high-dose group was significantly reduced than those of the male rats. Under this study, the use of mulberry leaf up to 2 g/kg BW did not result in abnormal phenomenon in the SD rats. These findings would offer useful information for further in vivo feeding trials in animals to extensively use of mulberry leaf to improve animal production, particularly in P.R. China.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.781-793
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• 2010

최근 유비쿼터스 센서네트워크 및 모바일 통신기술의 발달에 힘입어 헬스케어 시스템에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 센서네트워크 기반의 u-Healthcare 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 구현한 u-Healthcare 시스템은 댁내의 무선 센서네트워크, 원격지에 위치하는 헬스케어센터 및 센싱한 생체선호를 헬스케어 센터로 전송하는 게이트웨이 등 세 부분으로 구성된다. 환자의 생체신호를 측정하기 위하여 3 채널 ECG센서, 맥박산소 농도계, 혈압 센서 등 세 가지의 센서를 이용하였다. 각 센서는 mote에 탑재되어 있으며, mote는 센성된 생체신호를 Zigbee 통신을 이용하여 베이스 노드로 전송한다. 베이스 노드는 수신한 신호를 헬스케어 센터로 보내게 되고 헬스케어센터는 이 선호를 다양한 알고리즘을 이용하여 분석하고 처리한다. 처리된 결과를 표준 데이터베이스와 비교하여 식이요법, 운동요법 등 적절한 처방을 환자에게 SMS 또는 웹으로 전송한다. 이렇게 함으로서 환자는 주기적으로 자선의 건강을 체크하여 관리할 수 있으며, 경증의 건강상의 문제로부터 자신의 건강을 유지할 수 있게 된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2000

Two experiments were conducted to determine the ileal digestibility of the amino acids contained in linseed meal using the regression technique and then applying the values obtained, in a growth trial, using growing-finishing pigs. For the digestibility trial, four $20{\pm}0.5kg$ crossbred $(Yorkshire{\times}Landrace{\times}Beijing\;Black)$ barrows were fitted with simple T-cannula in the terminal ileum. After recovery, the barrows were fed one of four experimental diets according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square design. The pigs were fed corn-soybean meal based diets supplemented with 0, 25, 50 or 75% linseed meal. For the growth trial, 80 crossbred $(Yorkshire{\times}Landrace{\times}Beijing\;Black)$ growing pigs $(20.2{\pm}1.5kg)$ were fed corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 0, 5, 10 or 15% linseed meal. Five pens (2 gilts and 2 castrates) were assigned to each treatment. With the exception of leucine, the digestibility coefficients for the indispensible amino acids declined as the level of linseed meal in the diet increased. There was a good agreement between the amino acid digestibilities for lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan determined using the regression technique and amino acid digestibilities previously published for linseed meal. During both the growing (20-49 kg) and finishing (49-95 kg) periods, the addition of linseed meal decreased average daily gain and feed conversion in a linear manner (p<0.05). Feed intake was not significantly different among treatments. The overall results suggest that linseed meal can be used at levels of between 5 and 10% in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs provided that the diet has been balanced for digestible amino acids.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2013

Purpose: The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) can be damaged as a result of minor oral surgical procedure such as third molar extraction or implant placement. Repair of the injured IAN involves difficulty of access, and research studies are limited to elucidating the process of regeneration by surgical methods. This study sought to establish the rabbit animal model to apply polymeric membrane functionalized with nerve growth factor after a crush lesion for the evaluation of nerve regeneration using the electrophysiologic method. Materials and Methods: The IAN of 2 adult male New Zealand white rabbits (4 nerves) were exposed bilaterally, and crush injury rendered by jeweler's forceps was applied. Nerve conduction velocity was examined electrophysiologically using electromyography before, after, and 4 weeks after the crush injury. To evaluate the regeneration, the pattern of action potential of IAN was recorded, and the characteristics of neurons were histologically observed. Result: After the crush injury, afferent activity decreased in the injured group. Electromyography could not be recorded after four weeks because tissues surrounding the injured nerve collapsed. Decrease in the mean number of axons was observed in the injured part with membrane. Conclusion: Despite the limited result, the present animal model study may provide a possible way to research on the methods of enhancing the recovery of nerve injuries in clinical situations. For clinically widespread acceptance, however, it should gain more consecutive and scientific evidences.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 Ku-대역 소형 도플러 레이다용 수신부를 설계 및 제작하였다. 제작된 수신부는 총 5개의 수신 경로를 갖는 초고주파수신기와 중간주파수신기로 구성된다. 초고주파수신기의 초단에는 송신 누설 신호로부터 보호하기 위한 리미터가 적용되었으며, 최대 입력전력은 2 W이상이 되도록 설계 되었다. 중간주파수신기는 모드 선택 스위치를 통해 광대역 경로와 협대역 경로를 선택할 수 있게 설계하였다. 제안된 수신부는 이득 68 dB, 잡음지수 3.7 dB, 리미터 회복시간 93 ns가 측정되었다. 본 논문에서 제시한 수신부를 이용하여 Ku-대역 소형 도플러 레이다에 바로 적용이 가능할 것으로 예상한다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2016

Objective : Disaster causes psychological distress to a large number of people in a short period of time, by both direct and indirect exposure to traumatic events embedded in various realms of disaster experience. Optimal, well-planned treatment interventions should follow from the early acute period to recovery phase, extending up to several months later. In this context, there is an increasing need for systemic review to gain comprehensive insights for disaster interventions. These need to be added to public policy, and for the prevention and treatment of disaster-related psychopathology. Here, we review the published studies on psychological interventions for disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Methods : Specific psychological interventions regarded as effective treatments for have been selected for this review, such as CBT (Cognitive-Behavior Therapy), Exposure Therapy, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing), SIT (Stress Inoculation Therapy) and Psychoeducation. In addition, natural disasters, industrial disasters, and accidents involving aircraft and ships were also categorized as disasters, along with war and combat trauma. Results : Cognitive behavior therapy and exposure therapy had the strongest research support for effectiveness, and could be considered as the first-choice treatment for disaster-related PTSD. The second line of treatment is EMDR, although this treatment modality has the advantage of reaching certain treatment improvements in fewer sessions. However, the effects of SIT and psychoeducation to the survivors of disasters, remains unclear at this point. Additionally, we propose the possibilities of using virtual reality component and imagery rescripting as modified forms of traditional cognitive behavior therapy and exposure therapy. Conclusion : Cognitive behavior therapy and exposure therapy, deemed effective treatments for various trauma, are considered to be effective for survivors from disasters. However, the efficacy of other interventions has not yet been examined methodologically in well-designed studies, such as randomized controlled trials. In particular, future empirical studies are needed, since it is difficult to conclude that psychological interventions have similar effects on different types of disasters.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2009

세계대전 이후 유럽경제는 경제회복과 국가이익을 위해 산업과 기업을 국영화하면서 파생된 문제점의 대안으로, 황금주가 영국을 비롯하여 유럽의 많은 나라에 널리 퍼지게 되었다. 그러나 영국 등 유럽 여러 나라에서 채택한 황금주가 유럽재판소에서 "자본이동의 자유"를 침해한다는 이유로 부정적인 판결을 받았다. 그러나 최근 프랑스와 독일에서 중동이나 아시아국가의 풍부한 자금으로부터 국가의 전략적 회사의 적대적 매수로부터 보호하기 위하여 황금주를 적극적으로 고려하고 있다. 이러한 세계경제의 흐름에서 보면, 우리나라 역시 현실을 직시하면 원시정관이나 대다수 주주의 동의 등 기존주주의 보호를 전제로 매우 엄격한 요건을 갖추어 도입하도록 하여야 할 것이다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.95-110
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• 1998

A 13-week dermal toxicity test was conducted to assess the toxicity of DA-5018, a capsaicin derivative. Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (10-15 males and 10-15 females) were treated with DA-5018 cream daily by dermal application at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3% or 0.9% as 500 mg/kg for 13 weeks. One further group of rats (15 males and 15 females) received cream base at 500 mg/kg/day and acted as controls. One male receiving 0.3% DA-5018 cream died during the treatment period. But the animal did not show any signs of treatment-related toxicity until death. There were no local skin reaction of application site and systemic reaction to the treatment of DA-5018 creams in all experimental groups throughout treatment and recovery period. Weight gain and food consumption in animals that received DA-5018 creams appeared to be comparable to that of the controls. Laboratory analyses (hematology, urinalysis and opthalmoscopic examination) did not revealed pathological values. In biochemical investigations, an increase of glucose level associated with increased food consumption and some other significant changes were noted in the animals of both sexes received DA-5018 creams. But these changes were not considered to be of toxicological importance. Postmortem examination did not show macroscopic or histological alterations attributable to the DA-5018 treatments. Based on these results, NOAEL(no-observable-adverse-effect level) of DA-5018 cream if estimated to be over 500 mg/tg/day as 0.9% cream.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.842-851
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to improve physical and mechanical properties of soft-inner part of oil palm trunk (S-OPT) after impregnation with phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin and densification by close system compression (CSC) method. Effect of different methods of PF resin impregnation (i.e., no vacuum-pressure, vacuum, and vacuum-pressure) was evaluated. The results showed that PF resin impregnation and CSC significantly improved the physical and mechanical properties of S-OPT up to: (1) 176% in density; (2) 309% in modulus of rupture (MOR); (3) 287% modulus of elasticity (MOE); and (4) 191% in the compressive strength. Physical and mechanical properties of S-OPT showed their best performances when PF resin impregnated with vacuum-pressure method as shown by higher weight gain, density, MOR, MOE, compressive strength, and lower recovery of set due to better penetration of PF resin into S-OPT. Combining PF resin impregnation and densification by CSC method could be a good method to improve physical and mechanical properties of S-OPT.