• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.119-128
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• 2019

Objectives: This study suggests the application of philosophical counseling in the clinical field of Korean medicine and analyze the specific case. Methods: Through the analysis of coexisting factors of Korean medicine and philosophical counseling, we establish the area of philosophical counseling that Korean medicine practitioner can apply in the medical field. We described effects of philosophical counseling on the patient's symptom and the progress after discharge through a counseling approach based on philosophical questions. Results: During philosophical counseling, the Korean medical doctor asks questions about the nature of suffering and encourages patients to gain insight into their problems. In answering the vital philosophical questions, the patient leads to a creative interpretation of future life directions. We described the method of specific approaches through the description of the two cases. Conclusions: The philosophical counseling is compatible with the concept of Korean medicine, therefore, a Korean medicine practitioner can induce the recovery of mind and body through the creative interpretation of the patient by asking the patient the appropriate question which causes reflective thinking.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.363-379
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• 2019

Resonant converters have attracted a lot of attention because of their high efficiency due to the soft-switching performance. An isolated high step-up converter with secondary-side resonant loops is proposed and analyzed in this paper. By placing the resonant loops on the secondary side, the current stress for the resonant capacitors is greatly reduced. The power loss caused by the equivalent series resistance of the resonant capacitor is also decreased. Clamp diodes in parallel with the resonant capacitors ensure a unique discontinuous current mode in the converter. Under this mode, the active switches can realize soft-switching during both turn-on and turn-off transitions. Meanwhile, the reverse-recovery problems of diodes are also alleviated by the leakage inductor. The converter is essentially a step-up converter. Therefore, it is helpful for decreasing the transformer turn-ratio when it is applied as a high step-up converter. The steady-state operation principle is analyzed in detail and design considerations are presented in this paper. Theoretical conclusions are verified by experimental results obtained from a 500W prototype with a 35V-42V input and a 400V output.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2024

Reduced-port gastrectomy (RPG) includes all procedures derived from various efforts to minimize surgical invasiveness, with single-incision laparoscopic gastrectomy (SILG) being the ultimate reduced-port technique. However, there are challenges related to its feasibility, oncological validity, training, and education. This review describes the current issues and challenges, as well as the future prospects of RPG for gastric cancer. Gastrectomy, which started as an open surgery, has evolved into a laparoscopic surgery. With the advancements in laparoscopic technology, SILG has been used to minimize surgical scarring. However, owing to the technical difficulties of SILG, cases involving the addition of 1 trocar or needle grasper alongside the multichannel port have also been reported. Additionally, 3-port laparoscopic gastrectomy (3PLG) using only 3 trocars is also being performed. RPG, as a concept, includes a range of approaches such as SILG, 2-port laparoscopic gastrectomy, and 3PLG. These techniques aimed to reduce the number of ports or incisions required for laparoscopic gastrectomy. Despite technical difficulties, RPGs offer numerous advantages, including minimal invasiveness, excellent cosmetic outcomes, and the potential for improved postoperative recovery, such as reduced length of hospital stay and post-operative pain. It could be considered similar to conventional laparoscopic gastrectomy, and may not be oncologically inferior. Ongoing studies, such as the KLASS 12, are required to gain further insights.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 2009

With an exponential increase in electronic commerce (e-commerce), marketers are attempting to gain a competitive advantage by emphasizing service quality and post interaction service aspects, which leads to customer satisfaction or behavioral consequence. Particularly for apparel, service quality is one of the key determinants in encouraging customer e-loyalty, and hence the success of apparel retailing in the context of electronic commerce. Therefore, this study explores e-service quality (E-SERVQUAL) factors and their unique effects on e-loyalty for apparel online shopping based on Parasuraman et al' s (2005) framework. Specific objectives of this study are to identify underlying dimension of E-SERVQUAL, and analyze a structural model for examining the effect of E-SERVQUAL on e-loyalty for online apparel shopping. For the theoretical framework of service quality in the context of online shopping, literatures on traditional and electronic service quality factors were comparatively reviewed, and two aspects of core and recovery services were identified. This study hypothesized that E-SERVQUAL has an effect on e-loyalty; customer satisfaction has a positive effect on e-service loyalty for apparel online shopping; and customer satisfaction mediates in the effect of E-SERVQUAL on e-loyalty for apparel online shopping. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on literatures. A total of 252 usable questionnaires were obtained from online consumers who had purchase experience with online shopping for apparel products and reside in standard metropolitan areas, in the United States. Factor analysis (e.g., exploratory, confirmatory) was conducted to assess the validity and reliability and the structural equation model including measurement and structural models was estimated via LISREL 8.8 program. Findings showed that the E-SERVQUAL of shopping websites for apparel consisted of five factors: Compensation, Fulfillment, Efficiency, System Availability, and Responsiveness. This supports Parasuraman (2005)'s E-S-QUAL encompassing two aspects of core service (e.g., fulfillment, efficiency, system availability) and recovery related service (e.g., compensation, responsiveness) in the context of apparel shopping online. In the structural equation model, there are five exogenous latent variables for e-SERVQUAL factors; and two endogenous latent variables (e.g., customer satisfaction, e-loyalty). For the measurement model, the factor loadings for each respective construct were statistically significant and were greater than .60 and internal consistency reliabilities ranged from .85 to .88. In the estimated structural model of the e-SERVEQUAL factors, the system availability was found to have direct and positive effect on e-loyalty, whereas efficiency had a negative effect on e-loyalty for apparel online shopping. However, fulfillment was not a significant predictor for explaining consequences of E-SERVQUAL for apparel online shopping. This finding implies that perceived service quality of system available was likely to increase customer satisfaction for apparel online shopping. However, it was not supported that e-loyalty was determined by service quality, because service quality has an indirect effect on e-loyalty (i.e., repurchase intention) by mediating effect of value or satisfaction in the context of online shopping for apparel. In addition, both compensation and responsiveness were found to have a significant impact on customer satisfaction, which influenced e-loyalty for apparel online shopping. Thus, there was significant indirect effect of compensation and responsiveness on e-loyalty. This suggests that the recovery-specific service factors play an important role in maximizing customer satisfaction levels and then maintaining customer loyalty to the online shopping site for apparel. The findings have both managerial and research implications. Fashion marketers can establish long-term relationship with their customers based on continuously measuring customer perceptions for recovery-related service quality, such as quick responses to problem and returns, and compensation for customers' problem after their purchases. In order to maintain e-loyalty, recovery services play an important role in the first choice websites for consumers to purchase clothing. Given that online consumers may shop anywhere, a marketing strategy for improving competitive advantages is to provide better service quality, maximize satisfaction, and turn to creating customers' e-loyalty for apparel online shopping. From a researcher's perspective, there are some limitations of this research that should be considered when interpreting its findings. For future research, findings provide a basis for the further study of this important topic along both theoretical and empirical dimensions. Based on the findings, more comprehensive models for predicting E-SERVQUAL's consequences can be developed and tested. For global fashion marketing, this study can expand to a cross-cultural approach into e-service quality for apparel by including multinational samples.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.12A
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• pp.2000-2011
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• 2001

In this Paper, we convert conventional low speed(1x, 6x) DVD systems designed by analog PLL(Phase Locked Loop) into digital PLL to operate at high speed systems flexibly, and present optimal DPLL model in high speed(20x) DVD systems. Especially, we focused on the design of DPLL that can overcome channel effects such as bulk delay, sampling clock frequency offset and asymmetry phenomenon in high speed DVD systems. First, the modified Early-Late timing error detector as digital timing recovery scheme is proposed. And the four-sampled compensation algorithm using zero crossing point as asymmetry compensator is designed to achieve high speed operation and strong reliability. We show that the proposed timing recovery algorithm provides enhanced performances in jitter valiance and SNR margin by 4 times and 3dB respectively. Also, the new four-sampled zero crossing asymmetry compensation algorithm provides 34% improvement of jitter performance, 50% reduction of compensation time and 2.0dB gain of SNR compared with other algorithms. Finally, the proposed systems combined with asymmetry compensator and DPLL are shown to provide improved performance of about 0.4dB, 2dB over the existing schemes by BER evaluation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2011

Purpose: Many patients have fear for surgery owing to the injection of lidocaine and the possible pain in the course of the operation. To resolve such a problem the cases to do plastic surgery with monitored anesthetic care are increasing, in which something like sedatives is injected into vein without endotracheal intubation and under voluntary respiration, but the usage is now under the controversy. Methods: There were 25 patients who had surgery with local anesthesia, and another 25 patients who had surgery with monitored anesthetic care which belongs to ASA class 1 and 2 from January to April, 2009. Their anesthesia records were collected and surveys were given before and after the surgery and the surgery staff recorded OAA/S during the surgery. The postoperative surveys included the awakening during the surgery, pain, anxiety, and the degree of patient's satisfaction through visual analogue scale to identify the difference between the two methods. Results: The OAA/S results according to time lapse show that it is possible to lead a fast effective sedation and recovery with monitored anesthetic care, and monitored anesthetic care enhances both surgeon's convenience level and patient's satisfaction level, and reduces awakening, pain, and anxiety, compared to local anesthesia. Conclusion: The current paper shows about the plastic surgery, particularly the outpatient surgery, when monitored anesthetic care method is applied, it could gain a fast sedation and recovery or an effective sedation of patients. The method also has some affirmative effects in regard with surgeon's convenience and the patients' satisfaction degree and the reduction of their awakening, pain, and anxiety. With careful and adequate watch on the measures about vital signs like electrocardiogram, the degree of oxygen saturation, and blood pressure, it could clinically be very useful.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.252-258
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• 1972

Methods of separating yeast cells from oil-water-cell emulsion and subsequent purification of the recovered yeast have been studied. In addition, the results of preliminary feeding experiments in which a yeast grown on gas oil was incorporated into chick rations are reported. According to the present study, it appears that the recovery of the yeasts would be easier at pH 9, since the emulsion is relatively more unstable. A class of surface active agent at a concentration of 0.3% was found to facilitate the separation of the yeast from the emulsion. The use of electrolytes such as NaCl and KCl were found to be most effective in breaking the emulsion. Solvent treatment using iso-propyl alcohol and its azeotropic mixture with hexane at $58^{\circ}C$ are particularly suitable for purification of the yeast. In the feeding experiment it was found that 5 percent of the fishmeal in the control ration could be replaced by the yeast with no adverse effect on performance. However, when 8 percent of the fish meal in the control ration was replaced by the yeast, some effect on live-weight gain of the chicks was observed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.251-260
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• 2015

Propofol is an anesthetic agent that gained wide use because of its fast induction of anesthesia and rapid recovery post-anesthesia. However, previous studies have reported immediate neurodegeneration and long-term impairment in spatial learning and memory from repeated neonatal propofol administration in animals. Yet, none of those studies has explored the sex-specific long-term physical changes and behavioral alterations such as social (sociability and social preference), emotional (anxiety), and other cognitive functions (spatial working, recognition, and avoidance memory) after neonatal propofol treatment. Seven-day-old Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats underwent repeated daily intraperitoneal injections of propofol or normal saline for 7 days. Starting fourth week of age and onwards, rats were subjected to behavior tests including open-field, elevated-plus-maze, Y-maze, 3-chamber social interaction, novel-object-recognition, passive-avoidance, and rotarod. Rats were sacrificed at 9 weeks and hippocampal protein expressions were analyzed by Western blot. Results revealed long-term body weight gain alterations in the growing rats and sex-specific impairments in spatial (female) and recognition (male) learning and memory paradigms. A markedly decreased expression of hippocampal NMDA receptor GluN1 subunit in female- and increased expression of AMPA GluR1 subunit protein expression in male rats were also found. Other aspects of behaviors such as locomotor activity and coordination, anxiety, sociability, social preference and avoidance learning and memory were not generally affected. These results suggest that neonatal repeated propofol administration disrupts normal growth and some aspects of neurodevelopment in rats in a sex-specific manner.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.957-966
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• 2003

Effects of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysacharide(LPS) and dietary krill meal on the Growth and feed utilization were investigated in broiler chicks. Eight cages of five newly hatched chicks each were assigned and fed to one of the experimental diets containing 0.0,(basal) 0.5 or 1.0% krill meal during 3 weeks of experimental period. And half(four) of the eight cages were i.p. injected with saline or LPS(Immune response activation) every alternate day three times beginning 8 day-old during 2 week of age. Dietary krill meal did not affect growth, feed efficiency, nitrogen balance(NB), uric acid excretion, and ME utilization when the saline was injected. However, the immune response activation lowered daily gain and feed intake and NB and increased uric acid excretion, and the relative liver and spleen weight. Also, birds fed diet containing krill meal 1.0% reduced the feed efficiency and increased spleen weight, and ME and NB or ME required for gain compared with those fed basal and krill meal 0.5% diets in LPS-injected chicks. During recovery period from the immunological stress in 3rd week of age, the krill meal diet reduced the weight of liver and spleen, The results showcd that dietary krill meal did not affect the growth of broiler chicks, but the higher uric acid excretion or dietary ME value indicated the increased protein decomposition or absorption of dietary energy sources in immune response activated birds.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2001

To investigate the effects of electrical stimulation on vestibular compensation, which is the recovery of vestibular symptoms following unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL), intermittent electrical stimulation was applied to the injured vestibular portion in Sprague-Dawley rats. Vestibuloocular and vestibulospinal reflexes, electrical activity and expression of c-Fos protein in medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) were measured with time following UL. Spontaneous nystagmus occurred with frequency of $2.9{\pm}0.2$ beats/sec at 2 hours after UL and disappeared after 72 hours. Electrical stimulation decreased the frequency of nystagmus significantly till 24 hours after UL. Roll head deviation was $107{\pm}9.7^{\circ}$ at 2 hours after UL and the deviation was maintained till 72 hours, but electrical stimulation decreased the deviation significantly 6 hours after UL. Resting activity of type I neurons in ipsilateral MVN to the injured vestibular side decreased significantly compared with control at 6 and 24 hours after UL, but the activity of type I neurons was recovered to control level by electrical stimulation at 24 hours after UL. Gain of type I neurons induced by sinusoidal rotation of 0.1 Hz decreased significantly till 24 hours after UL, but electrical stimulation restored the activity at 24 hours. The gain of type II neurons decreased significantly at 6 hours after UL, but electrical stimulation restored the activity. Expression of c-Fos protein was asymmetric between bilateral MVN till 24 hours after UL, but the asymmetry disappeared by electrical stimulation 6 hours after UL. These results suggest that electrical stimulation to the injured vestibular portion facilitates vestibular compensation following UL by restoration of symmetry of neuronal activity between bilateral vestibular nuclei resulting from increased activity in ipsilateral vestibular nuclei to the injured side.