• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.441-446
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• 2010

We characterize the main types of anti fuzzy ideals in weak BCC-algebras.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.31-54
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• 2012

Along with increasing mothers' employment, work-family reconciliation has been recognised as a key policy agenda in contemporary welfare states. Although various policy instruments have been introduced and expanded in recent years, the problem of time allocation within couples still remains as a fundamental issue, which has been largely underresearched at a micro perspective. In this context, this study aims to identify dominant types of work-family time allocation within married couple, and to apply these types to the Korean case using the fuzzy-set ideal type analysis. Further, a series of multiple regression analyses will be implemented to find factors affecting each ideal type of work-family time allocation. The 1999 and 2009 Korea Time Use Survey datasets will be adopted for the analyses. Married couples are selected as samples only when men work 40 hours or more per week and they have at least one pre-school child. Empirical analyses cover three parts. First of all, four ideal types on work-family time allocation are classified by intersecting two core variables - the ratio of men's (paid) working and family (caring time plus domestic work) time to total working and family time. In this research, the four types will be labelled the traditional male breadwinner model (TM, high working and low family time), the dual burden model (DB, shared working but low family time), the family-friendly male breadwinner model (FM, high working but shared family time), and the adaptive partnership model (AP, shared working and shared family time). By comparing the composition of the four ideal types in 1999 and 2009, it will examine the trend of work-family time allocation in Korea. In addition, multiple regressions will be useful for investigating which characteristics contribute to the different degree of each fuzzy ideal score in the four models. Finally, policy implications and further research agenda will be discussed.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.39-64
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• 2024

This study assesses the national AI competitiveness of 38 OECD countries with focus on AI human capital, AI infrastructure, and AI innovation capacity. Utilizing the fuzzy-set ideal type analysis method, these countries were categorized into eight distinct types based on their national AI competitiveness levels, leading to the derivation of pertinent implications. The analysis identified a category termed "AI Leading Country" consisting of North American, Western European, and Nordic countries, along with several Asian nations including South Korea. Remarkably, the United States demonstrated dominant global national AI competitiveness, achieving the highest fuzzy scores across all three evaluative factors. South Korea was classified as an "AI Leading Country" primarily due to its superior AI infrastructure, but its performance in AI human capital and AI innovation capacity was found to be moderate relative to other analyzed nations; thus highlighting the necessity of sustained focus on the accumulation of AI human capital and bolstering of AI innovation capacity.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.47-76
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• 2013

The discussion of "new risks" in the field of social policy started to gain attention in the late 1990s and it is commonly argued that new risks are provoked by deindustrialization and/or globalization being more concentrated among the young, women and low skilled individuals. This study commences its inquiry with a conceptualization of labour market risk in an attempt to critically rethink the argument of new risk. A reevaluation of the concept is followed by an empirical investigation on the different types of risks and their changes by different degree. Eight-teen countries are selected in order to provide a comparative account to understand new risk. These are comparatively analyzed using the fuzzy-set ideal type approach to discover different types of social risks and to measure degrees of changes in relation to social risk. In sum, this paper aims to answer: what is new risk? and how do the characteristic of labour market risks differ in different post-industrial countries? The findings suggest that the types of risk are diverse and the speed or the directions of shift are also diverse.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.5-30
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• 2010

This paper offers an alternative approach to measure the welfare state change by using fuzzy-set methodology. The fuzzy-set method is particularly useful for assessing change across a limited number of cases, and that it can help to translate interval fuzzy membership scores into verbal qualifiers. Applying the measurement of welfare state change, four sets(accessibility, generosity, activation, state's care responsibility) in two dimensions(old and new social risks) have been identified, which reflect theoretical importance. The analysis sets out fuzzy membership scores for 12 OECD countries in the 16 possible welfare state ideal types. This paper found that each country has its own strategies to deal with the changes, however, the changes are not dramatic or a qualitative one. This does not mean that there are no changes, but that are no paradigm shifts or path breaking in the welfare state changes.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.345-375
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• 2018

This study examines labour market and unemployment protection policies as a configuration in 12 OECD countries in order to investigate how countries from different regime conform to or diverse from previous welfare state regime discussion, and to examine its relationship with poverty and inequality. In analyzing the combination of the unemployment insurance, the unemployment assistance, and active labour market policy, firstly, fuzzy scores of unemployment insurance was calculated by analyzing the strictness of eligibility, duration of benefit and the generosity of income replacement rate. For unemployment assistance, the ratio of public assistance expenditure to the GDP in each country and the ratio of unemployment benefit level to the average wage in each country have been considered. As for the active labour market policy, the total expenditure per GDP of this policy was converted into fuzzy points and analyzed. As a result, 5 types in 2005 and 6 types in 2010 were generated. Specifically, 'assistance type(iAp)', 'insurance type (Iap)', 'comprehensive safety net type (IAP)', 'weak safety net type(iap)' were analyzed. This paper suggested policy implication for South Korean case, which consistently had high score for weak safety net type(iap).