• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.155-179
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare the task elements categorized into required and additional man power's implemental between present and future-oriented duties of school nutrition teachers. The survey consisted of five duties, 27 tasks, 93 task elements, and 270 work details in the task elements of school nutrition teachers. A pilot-test was first conducted on nutrition teachers to confirm the survey contents, and then a main survey was performed on 240 school nutrition teachers, using a self-administrated online method, from July 16 to September 5, 2016. To compare present and future-oriented tasks, frequency analyses were conducted. Work details in the task elements were categorized into 'required' and 'additional man power's implemental', depending on school nutrition teachers' responses, based on a 50% cut-off percentage. The results showed that 13 work details among 60 work details (21.7%) in the 'Duty C. Safety and hygiene management of school foodservice', and 15 work details out of 106 work details (14.2%) in 'Duty B. Foodservice management practices' were identified as additional man power's implemental in future oriented duties. As to 'Duty A. Nutrition management', only three work details among 55 work details (5.5%) were identified as additional man power's implemental. On the other hand, all work details in 'Duty D. Nutrition diet education and counseling and 'Duty E. Reinforce professionalism' were identified as "required" as school nutrition teachers' duties. These findings imply that school nutrition teachers perceive nutrition management and education as their primary duties to the fulfill school foodservice' mission of promoting students' health and fostering students' dietary behaviors. The study offers practical and governmental implications, which can encourage school nutrition teachers to perform their primary duties.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of a task-oriented exercise program on balance in patients with acute stroke. Methods: Twenty participants with hemiparesis resulting from acute stroke volunteered to participate in this study. They were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group, with 10 patients per group. Both groups underwent a task-oriented exercise program averaging 30 minutes daily for 4 weeks. Balance was assessed before and after the 4-week training period. Before and after the intervention, we conducted a paired t-test to compare the within-group changes and an independent t-test to compare the between-group differences. The statistical significance level was set at p=0.05 for all the variables. Results: Both groups showed significant within-group and between-group changes in balance (p<0.05) after the intervention. Conclusion: This study provides valuable information for future studies in this field. Further research using a larger sample and longer experiment spans can corroborate the results of our study.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.415-423
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to investigate the intercorrelations among various motivational patterns and learning strategies and to examine the differences in motivation and strategy usage in terms of students' science achievement level, gender, and grade. A questionnaire on achievement goal, self-efficacy, self-concept of ability, expectancy, value, causal attributions, and learning strategies was administered to 360 junior high/high school students (178 males, 182 females). Students who adopted performance-oriented goal tended not to be task oriented. Task-oriented students had high levels of self-efficacy, high self-concept of ability, and expectancies for future performance in science. They also valued science and attributed thier failures to the lack of effort. However, performance-oriented students evaluated their ability negatively, did not value science, and attributed thier failures to uncontrollable causes. With respect to learning strategy, task-oriented students tended to use deep-level strategy, whereas performance-oriented students tended to use surface-level strategy and not to use deep-level strategy. High-achieving students, boys, and junior high school students were more task-oriented, evaluated their ability more positively, and valued science more than low-achieving students, girls, and high school students, respectively. High-achieving students and boys also used deep-level strategy more than each of their counterparts. However, no significant difference in learning strategy was found between junior high school students and high school students. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2024

Purpose : This study aims to conduct a comprehensive comparison and analysis of intervention strategies utilized for school-aged children facing difficulties in writing, focusing on evaluating the effectiveness of various intervention approaches both domestically and internationally. The primary focus is on assessing the efficacy of each intervention approach and identifying gaps in the existing literature. Methods : Data for this study were gathered from the domestic database RISS from January 2013 to March 2020, and international databases Pubmed and Google Scholar were utilized. The keywords for domestic literature search included 'occupational therapy', 'handwriting', and 'school-aged', while for international literature search, the keywords were 'occupational therapy', 'handwriting', and 'children'. A total of 4 international and 2 domestic articles were selected for review based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results : The study findings present a thorough comparative analysis of intervention strategies, categorizing them into task-oriented intervention, sensory-motor intervention, and integrated intervention. All intervention methods demonstrated notable improvements in the legibility of handwriting. Comparison between domestic and international literature revealed a predominant use of task-oriented intervention in domestic studies, while international studies showcased a diverse range of intervention methods. Conclusion : Interventions were categorized into computer-based, task-oriented, sensory-motor, and integrated interventions. Task-oriented interventions were the most common in both domestic and international studies, while integrated interventions were the most effective. Based on these findings, it is necessary to increase awareness of the need for handwriting intervention research among occupational therapists in Korea. Additionally, there is a need for well-supported handwriting intervention research with larger sample sizes in both domestic and international occupational therapy. Finally, future research should actively investigate the application of tailored integrated interventions for school-aged children with handwriting difficulties.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.54-68
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• 2021

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌성마비 아동의 신체기능과 일상생활 향상을 위해 적용된 과제 중심 훈련 방법에 대해 정리하고 효과를 제시하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 검색 기간은 2008년 1월부터 2020년 8월까지로 하였으며, 자료 검색을 위해 CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed의 데이터베이스를 이용하였다. 총 18편이 선정되었으며, PICO(Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) 방법을 적용하여 체계적으로 정리하였다. 과제 중심 훈련은 선행연구를 참고하여 운동학습 및 운동조절 이론의 전략인 과제(Task), 실행(Practice), 피드백(Feedback)으로 분류하여 제시하였다. 결과 : 그 결과 13편의 연구가 운동기술 영역에서 유의한 결과를 보였으며, 그 중 2편의 연구에서 일상생활 영역에서 유의한 결과를 보였다. 과제는 개별 과제(discrete task)와 닫힌 과제(closed task) 형태가 가장 많이 사용되었다. 실행은 전체 실행(whole practice) 유형이 가장 많이 사용되었으며, 부분 실행(part practice), 차단 실행(blocked practice) 순으로 사용되었다. 마지막으로 피드백은 구체적으로 제시하지 않은 경우가 가장 많았으며, 외재적 피드백(extrinsic feedback)이 사용되었다. 결론 : 본 연구를 바탕으로 향후에는 뇌성마비 아동의 운동조절을 촉진하는 기술의 체계적인 선택과 구체적인 방법의 제시를 통하여 과제 중심 훈련이 임상에서 더욱 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2013

목적 : 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 과제 지향적 훈련을 집단과 개별로 실시하게 하여 상지 기능, 인지 기능과 일상생활 수행력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 연구방법 : 2012년 6월부터 11월까지 약 5개월간 A병원에 입원하여 뇌졸중 진단을 받은 사람 중에 재활치료를 받은 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 과제 훈련군과 개별 훈련군은 각각 13명씩 무작위 배정 하였다. 두 군 모두 동일한 내용의 과제 지향 훈련을 1일 30분씩 3주간 시행하도록 하였다. 결과 : 훈련 전 두 군의 상지 기능과 인지 기능은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 훈련 전 일상생활 영역에서 목욕하기(p<.001), 식사하기, 개인위생과 총점(p<.05)이 집단 훈련군에서 더 높은 것으로 나타났고 훈련 후 상지 기능은 개별 훈련군에서 유의하게 높았다(p<.001). 두 그룹 모두 훈련 전후 상지 기능 식사하기, 개인위생,목욕하기, 옷 입기, 용변처리, 이동, 보행, 계단, 총점(p<.05)에 유의한 향상이 있었다. 두 그룹의 훈련 전후 변화량 비교에서 개별 훈련군이 상지 기능(p<.001)과 일상생활 영역에서 식사하기와 총점에서 더 유의한 향상을 나타냈다(p<.05). 결론 : 과제 지향적 훈련을 시행 시 집단 훈련군과 개별 훈련군 모두 상지기능, 일상생활 수행력에 향상을 가져오며, 특히 상지 기능의 향상이 클 경우에 더 높은 일상생활 수행력의 변화를 가져 올 수 있다. 앞으로 보다 많은 환자를 대상으로 장기간에 걸친 종단적인 사례 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한치과의료관리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to identify future-oriented tasks for Korean dental hygienists based on a literature review. A literature search is performed using 14 keywords related to tasks carried out by dental hygienists, and included articles published from 2000 to 2019 in the databases KISS, RISS, DBpia, NDSL, Papersearch, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. Six reviewers assessed the titles and abstracts of articles, and an article was selected if the study was considered to cover future-oriented tasks for Korean dental hygienists. Based on the results six local studies and two foreign studies were used for literature review and data extraction. In total, 38 tasks were classified as future-oriented tasks of dental hygienists according to the following criteria: 1) tasks that were specifically referred to as future-oriented tasks, and 2) tasks that could be classified as future-oriented tasks although no specific reference was made. Of these, the most frequently mentioned tasks were measuring periodontal pocket depth, dental hygiene assessment, providing dietary advice, infiltration anesthesia, and root planing. These were extracted from five of the eight studies, including both local and foreign studies. Dental hygiene planning, emergency, emergency management, and smoking cessation were the next most common tasks based on four studies. Even though some of these future-oriented tasks for Korean dental hygienists are included in the dentistry curriculum, and are currently performed as clinical practice for dental hygienists. Nonetheless, the reference to the legal scope is unclear. It is necessary to reconsider the scope of tasks of dental hygienists to reflect changes in domestic and foreign dental care delivery, thereby contributing to the oral health promotion of the public, where safety is guaranteed under legal protection.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.455-462
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 과제 지향적 활동을 뇌졸중 환자에게 중재 시 마비측 체중이동에 어떠한 영향이 있는지 알아보고자 진행하였다. 이를 위해 2019년 9월부터 12월까지 경기도 소재 S병원에서 재활치료를 받는 뇌졸중 환자 33명을 무작위 할당 후 실험그룹과 대조그룹으로 나누었다. 실험그룹 17명은 과제 지향적 활동을 제공하였으며, 대조그룹 16명은 일반적 작업치료를 주 3회, 회당 35분씩, 총 4주간 동안 진행하였다. 신체 좌·우측의 체중이동은 MTD balance system으로 평가하였으며, 중재 전 초기평가와 4주 중재 후 재평가를 실시하였다. 두 그룹의 중재 전·후 평가와 그룹 간 중재 전·후 평가를 실시하여 변화량을 비교 분석하였고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 그룹 내 중재 전·후 평가 시 마비측으로 체중이동은 실험그룹과 대조그룹 모두 마비측으로 체중이동의 향상을 보였다. 그룹 간 중재 전·후 평가에서 실험그룹이 대조그룹에 마비측으로 체중이동이 통계적으로 유의한 향상을 보였다. 추후 보완된 연구를 통해서 뇌졸중 환자 치료 시 과제 지향적 활동이 마비측으로 체중이동을 증진하는 데 유용하게 적용될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.551-563
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• 2022

이 연구의 목적은 자율 주행 차량의 체화된 에이전트가 '감탄사'를 사용하여 감정 표현을 드러낸 대화 상호작용을 할 경우 사용자 경험에 어떠한 효과를 나타내는지 확인하는 것이다. 감탄사 포함 유무와 대화 유형(과제 중심적 대화 vs. 관계 중심적 대화)의 조건에 따라 실험을 설계하였다. 온라인 실험으로 각 조건별로 4가지 대화 시나리오영상을 시청한 후, 해당 에이전트에 대한 친밀도, 호감도, 신뢰도, 사회적 실재감, 지각된 의인화, 향후 이용 의도를 측정하였다. 분석 결과, 에이전트가 감탄사를 사용할 경우 두 대화 유형 모두에서 사회적 실재감의 주 효과가 나타났다. 에이전트가 감탄사를 사용하지 않을 경우 과제 중심적 대화 유형에서 신뢰와 향후 이용 의도가 높았다. 에이전트가 감탄사를 사용하여 감정적 표현을 더하는 것은 사회적 실재감을 높이는 효과는 발견했지만, 다른 사용자 경험 요인에 대한 영향은 나타나지 않았다.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2003

The 583 employees as subject for empirical analysis were selected by cluster sampling method in Banwol & Sihwa Industrial complex in Ansan area. This study shows the followings; 1. In the group where the task is unstructured and the subordinate's ability is high, the achievement-oriented and participative leader behavior have positive impact on the subordinate's expectancy. 2. In the group where the task is unstructured and the subordinate's ability is low, the directive leader behavior has positive impact on the subordinate's expectancy. 3. In the group where the task is structured and the subordinate's ability is high, the supportive leader behavior has positive impact on the subordinate's expectancy. 4. In the group where the task is structured and the subordinate's ability is low, only supportive leader behavior has positive impact on the subordinate's expectancy, and the directive leader behavior has no significant impact. 5. The subordinate's need for growth has a strong moderating effect in the relationship between leader behavior and job satisfaction. Finally this study indicates the implication for future theoretical and empirical development.