• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.225-237
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• 2019

Although applying self-consolidating concrete (SCC) in many modern structures is an inevitable fact, the high consumption of cement in its mixing designs has led to increased production costs and adverse environmental effects. In order to find economically viable sources with environmentally friendly features, natural pozzolan pumice and blast furnace slag in 10-50% of replacement binary designs have been investigated for experiments on the properties of fresh concrete, mechanical properties, and durability. As a natural pozzolan, pumice does not require advanced equipment to prepare for consumption and only needs to be powdered. Pumice has been the main focus of this research because of simple preparation. Also to validate the results, in addition to the control specimens of each design, fly ash as a known powder has been evaluated. Moreover, ternary mixes of pumice and silica fume were investigated to enhance the obtained results of binary mixes. It was concluded that pumice and slag powders indicated favorable performance in the high percentage of replacement.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2011

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have many attractive features for widespread applications in generation systems. Recently, stainless steels have attractive materials for metallic bipolar plate because metallic bipolar plates have many benefits compared to others such as graphite and composite bipolar plates. SOFC operates on high temperature of about $800{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$ than other fuel cell systems. Thus, many studies have attempted to reduced the operation temperature of SOFC to about $600{\sim}800^{\circ}C$, which is the intermediate temperature (IT) of SOFC. Low cost and high-temperature corrosion resistance are very important for the practical applications of SOFC in various industries. In this study, two specimens, 304 and 430 stainless steels with and without different pre-surface treatments on the surface were investigated. And, specimens were exposed at high temperature in the box furnace under oxidation atmosphere of $800^{\circ}C$. Oxidation behavior have been investigated with the materials exposed at different times (100 hrs and 400 hrs) by SEM, EDS and XRD. By increasing exposure time, the amount of metal oxide increased in the order like; STS304 < STS430 and As-received < As-polished < Sand-blast specimens.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2008년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.107-108
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• 2008

The spectacular development of AMLCDs, been made possible by a-Si:H technology, still faces two major drawbacks due to the intrinsic structure of a-Si:H, namely a low mobility and most important a shift of the transfer characteristics of the TFTs when submitted to bias stress. This has lead to strong research in the crystallization of a-Si:H films by laser and furnace annealing to produce polycrystalline silicon TFTs. While these devices show improved mobility and stability, they suffer from uniformity over large areas and increased cost. In the last decade we have focused on microcrystalline silicon (${\mu}c$-Si:H) for bottom gate TFTs, which can hopefully meet all the requirements for mass production of large area AMOLED displays [1,2]. In this presentation we will focus on the transfer of a deposition process based on the use of $SiF_4$-Ar-$H_2$ mixtures from a small area research laboratory reactor into an industrial gen 1 AKT reactor. We will first discuss on the optimization of the process conditions leading to fully crystallized films without any amorphous incubation layer, suitable for bottom gate TFTS, as well as on the use of plasma diagnostics to increase the deposition rate up to 0.5 nm/s [3]. The use of silicon nanocrystals appears as an elegant way to circumvent the opposite requirements of a high deposition rate and a fully crystallized interface [4]. The optimized process conditions are transferred to large area substrates in an industrial environment, on which some process adjustment was required to reproduce the material properties achieved in the laboratory scale reactor. For optimized process conditions, the homogeneity of the optical and electronic properties of the ${\mu}c$-Si:H films deposited on $300{\times}400\;mm$ substrates was checked by a set of complementary techniques. Spectroscopic ellipsometry, Raman spectroscopy, dark conductivity, time resolved microwave conductivity and hydrogen evolution measurements allowed demonstrating an excellent homogeneity in the structure and transport properties of the films. On the basis of these results, optimized process conditions were applied to TFTs, for which both bottom gate and top gate structures were studied aiming to achieve characteristics suitable for driving AMOLED displays. Results on the homogeneity of the TFT characteristics over the large area substrates and stability will be presented, as well as their application as a backplane for an AMOLED display.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.571-578
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 갯벌의 콘크리트용 혼화재 및 채움재로써의 활용 가능성에 대한 기초적 연구를 실시하였다. 먼저, 혼화재로서의 활용 가능성에 대해 화학 성분 분석을 실시한 결과 잠재수경성 및 포졸란 반응에 필요한 성분들이 함유되어있었지만 플라이애시 및 고로슬래그의 성분 분석 결과와 비교한 결과 성분 함유량이 소량으로 반응을 하기에는 부족한 양이었다. 또한, 물리적 실험 분석 결과 갯벌 치환율이 증가할수록 압축강도 및 인장강도가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 갯벌의 혼화재로서의 활용 가능성은 화학 성분분석에서 예상한 결과와 마찬가지로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 채움재로서의 활용 가능성에 대한 시험을 실시한 결과 재령 28일 압축강도를 측정한 결과 갯벌의 채움재로서 활용가능성에 대한 분석을 통해 갯벌 치환율 10~30% 까지 벽돌의 압축강도 기준인 8MPa 이상의 강도를 발현하여 벽돌 등 2차 제품에 활용 가능할 것으로 판단되며, 향후 벽돌제작 등의 추가적인 실험이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 플로우 시험결과에서는 갯벌 치환율이 증가할수록 플로우 값이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 염화물 함유량 분석 결과를 통해 갯벌 자체의 염분 함유량이 많아 갯벌을 치환할 경우 철근 사용구조물에는 적용하기에는 부적합한 것으로 판단되며, 내장벽돌 등 철근을 사용하지 않는 제품에 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.526-552
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• 1994

The extent and direction of movement of removable partial dentures during function are influenced by the nature of the supporting structures and and the design of the prosthesis. Since forces are transmitted to the abutment teeth through occlusal rests, guide planes and direct retainers during functional movements, proper design based on the avaialble research data will maintain the health of abutment teeth and their supporting structures. The purpose of this in vitro study is evaluating stress distribution clinically around the abutment teeth prepared following 4-type clasping systems for unilateral free-end removable partial dentures. Three-Dimensional Photoelastic Stress Analysis method was used because it shows a visual display of stresses of the simulated abutment teeth and residual ridges and reveals stress concentration that can be read at any given points in terms of direction and magnitude. For this study, the author fabricated 4 mandibular photoelastic epoxy models missing left 1st and End molar. Epoxy models were duplicated and 4 unilateral removable partial dentures were construe- ted in accordance with 4-type direct retainers. Unilateral free-end removable partial dentures were positioned on their own models. 6kg force was loaded on the every removable partial dentures of the epoxy model on the central fossa of mandibular left 1st molar vertically by the loading device. After the stress was frozen in a stress freezing furnace, 6 specimens of 6-mm thickness were made from every epoxy model and examined with the circular polariscope. The results were as follows : 1. Generally I-bar clasp revealed the most favorable stress distribution around the abutment teeth. 2. At the end portion of the free-end ridge, Back action clasp showed the highest stress concentration at the bucco-lingual and top portions of the residual alveolar ridge. 3. At the distal area of the abutment teeth, Akers clasp and Roach clasp showed higher stress concentration bucco-lingually and apically than the others. 4. To the abutment tooth, I-bar clasp showed the least stress distribution bucco-lingually but the others showed irregular stress distribution. 5. At the mesial area of the abutment teeth, the order of effective stress distribution was I-bar clasp, Back-action clasp, Akers clasp and Roach clasp. There was big difference of stress distribution between them. 6. At the right 2nd premolar and 1st molar, the stress concentration of Akers clasp was a little high but that of I-bar clasp was low.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2021

국제 물류수송을 위해 연약지반에서의 항만개발이 활발하게 추진됨에 따라 항만구조물의 안정성 확보를 위해 시멘트를 원지반 흙과 혼합하여 연약지반에 직접 개량체를 형성하는 심층혼합공법의 적용도 지속적으로 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 시멘트의 경우 제품의 생산과정에서 많은 온실가스를 배출하는 문제가 있어 탄소중립이라는 국가적 목표 달성을 위해 새로운 대체재료의 개발 및 사용이 사회적으로 요구되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 순환자원을 재활용하여 시멘트와 유사한 경화반응을 유도할 수 있도록 개발된 CMD-SOIL을 심층혼합공법용 지반개량재로 사용하여 현장에 적용하고, 적용성을 평가함으로써 시멘트의 대체 가능성을 판단하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 설계기준강도 대비 CMD-SOIL의 압축강도는 현장 배합시험에서 1.46 ~ 2.64배, 확인보링에서 대비 1.2 ~ 5.03배 높은 수준을 나타내어 항만구조물의 안정성 확보에 요구되는 충분한 압축강도의 발현이 이루어지는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 설계기준강도에 대한 현장에서의 압축강도의 비(λ)도 0.63 ~ 1.14로 기존의 연구결과와 유사한 결과를 나타내어 포틀랜드 시멘트, 고로슬래그 시멘트 등의 기존의 재료와 비교할 때 적용성의 차이는 없어 시멘트를 대체하여 심층혼합공법용 지반개량재로서의 사용이 가능할 것으로 분석되었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2022

현재 전기로(EAF) 제강 공정에서는 내화재 보호 및 탈황능 개선을 위해 MgO 함유 Flux인 경소돌로마이트를 사용하고 있으며, 탈산 효과와 동시에 Slag foaming을 통한 전력에너지를 저감시키기 위해 가탄제를 투입하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 상기 효과들을 경제적으로 달성하기 위해 폐 MgO-C계 내화재를 사용하고자 한다. 폐 MgO-C계 내화재는 현재 대부분 재활용되지 못하고 폐기되고 있는 실정이지만 다량의 MgO와 흑연 성분을 함유하고 있어 제강용 Flux로서의 효용가치가 입증되면 대량 재활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 본 실험에서는 상용 EAF slag 조성을 토대로 Target 조성 범위를 설정하였다. Target EAF slag가 원만히 형성될 수 있도록 하기 위해 Flux와 함께 투입될 Pre-melt base slag를 제조하였다. Pre-melt base slag는 SiO₂, Al₂O₃, FeO를 혼합하여 알루미나 도가니에 장입 후 1450℃에서 1시간 이상 가열하여 제조하였다. 이후 제조된 Pre-melt base slag에 혼합 Flux #2(경소돌로마이트+폐 MgO-C계 내화재+석회석)을 가하여 용융반응 시험을 수행하고 그 결과를 기존 제강 Flux에 해당하는 혼합 Flux #1(경소돌로마이트+석회석) 경우와 비교 평가하여 그 대체 가능성을 평가하였다. 신뢰성있는 평가를 도출하기 위해 XRD, XRF 및 Slag foam height, Slag basicity, 철 회수 등의 평가를 종합하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2002

저독성 폴리올레핀 절연재료, Sheath재료의 저독성, 연기밀도특성, 연소가스부식성 분석을 하기 위하여 저독성 내화케이블의 성능평가 시험을 수행하였다. 화재 발생시 화염확산 및 유독성가스발생의 주원인으로 피난안전계획에 매우 중요하다. 90년대 후반기부터 연이어 발생한 씨랜드 화재사고와 인천 인현동 라이브클럽등의 동일한 유형을 가진 화재사건을 계기로 국내 내화케이블에 사용되는 재료가 화재시 인명참사에 미치는 영향이 크다는 점이 발견되었다. 본 연구에서는 고체물질에서 발생하는 연기의 특성광학밀도를 ASTM E662를 근거로 하여 실험을 하였다. 전기로의 시스템은 20분동안 밀폐된 챔버내에서 2.5$\pm$0.04w/$\textrm{cm}^2$을 지닌 조사열량을 일정한 상태 하에서 방사를 유지할 수 있도록 하였다. NFR-8과 FR-PVC 연기밀도의 분해 결과에 따라 완전연소에 의한 연기밀도 최대값 NFR-8은 25.2에서 39.6 FR-PVC에서 51.1의 값을 얻을 수 있었다. 비연소 열분해에 의한 연기밀도 최대값 NFR-8은 100.4에서 112.2 FR-PVC는 126.5에서 398.8의 값을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 시료의 연기밀도 분석결과 PVC가 폴리올핀 시료보다 상당히 많은 양의 CO가 발생되는 반면 $CO_24의 양은 적게 발생하였다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1510-1510
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• 2001

NIRS uses reflectance signals resulting from bending and stretching vibrations in chemical bonds between carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur and oxygen. These reflectance signals are used to measure the concentration of major chemical composition and other descriptors of homogenized and freeze-dried whole broiler carcasses. Six strains of chicken were analyzed and the NIRS model predictions compared to reference data. The results of this comparison indicate that NIRS is a rapid tool for predicting dry matter (DM), fat, crude protein (CP) and ash content in the broiler carcass. Males and females of six commercial strain crosses of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) were used in this study (6$\times$2 factorial design). Each strain was grown to 16 weeks of age, and duplicate serial samples were taken for body composition analysis. Each whole carcass was pressure-cooked, homogenized, and a representative sample was freeze-dried. Body composition determined as follows: DM by oven dried method at 105$^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours, fat by Mojonnier diethyl ether extraction, CP by measuring nitrogen content using an auto-analyzer with Kjeldhal digest and ash by combustion in a muffle furnace for 24 hour at 55$0^{\circ}C$. These homogenized and freeze-dried carcass samples were then scanned with a Foss NIR Systems 6500 visible-NIR spectrophotometer (400-2500nm) (Foss NIR Systems, Silver Spring, MD., US) using Infra-Soft-International, ISI, WinISl software (ISI, Port Matilda, US). The NIRS spectra were analyzed using principal component (PC) analysis. This data was corrected for scatter using standard normal “Variate” and “Detrend” technique. The accuracy of the NIRS calibration equations developed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) for predicting major chemical composition and carcass descriptors- such as body mass (BM), bird dry matter and moisture content was tested using cross validation. Discrimination analysis was also used for sex and strain identification. According to Dr John Shenk, the creator of the ISI software, the calibration equations with the correlation coefficient, $R^2$, between reference data and NIRS predicted results of above 0.90 is excellent and between 0.70 to 0.89 is a good quantifying guideline. The excellent calibration equations for DM ($R^2$= 0.99), fat (0.98) and CP (0.92) and a good quantifying guideline equation for ash (0.80) were developed in this study. The results of cross validation statistics for carcass descriptors, body composition using reference methods, inter-correlation between carcass descriptors and NIRS calibration, and the results of discrimination analysis for sex and strain identification will also be presented in the poster. The NIRS predicted daily gain and calculated daily gain from this experiment, and true daily gain (using data from another experiment with closely related broiler chicken from each of the six strains) will also be discussed in the paper.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.491-497
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• 2015

본 논문은 필라멘트 와인딩 공법으로 제작된 구배 단면을 갖는 돔 분리형 복합재 압력용기 접착체결부의 온도영향에 따른 층간파괴인성 평가를 위해 모드 I, II 그리고 혼합모드의 시험적 평가를 수행하였다. 모드 I과 혼합모드 층간파괴인성은 DCB 시편을 사용하였으며, 모드 II 층간파괴인성은 ENF 시편을 사용하여 평가하였다. 와인딩 각도는 $[{\pm}10^{\circ}]_6$, $[{\pm}27^{\circ}]_6$ 그리고 ($[{\pm}10^{\circ}]_3/FM73/[{\pm}10^{\circ}]_3$)이며 곡면 단면을 고려하였다. 시험 평가에 적용된 온도 환경은 환경 챔버와 전기로를 이용하여 $-30^{\circ}C$에서 $60^{\circ}C$로 조성하였다. 층간파괴인성에 온도가 미치는 영향을 평가한 결과, 층간파괴인성은 저온에서 높게 나타났으며, 온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 확인하였다. 시편 종류별 결과에서는, 돔부와 헬리컬부가 접착체결된 $[{\pm}10^{\circ}]_3/FM73/[{\pm}10^{\circ}]_3$ 와인딩 시편이 가장 높은 층간파괴인성을 가짐을 확인하였다.